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The Alien Crustaceans in the Mediterranean Sea: An Historical Review

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In the Wrong Place - Alien Marine Crustaceans: Distribution, Biology and Impacts

Part of the book series: Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology ((INNA,volume 6))

Abstract

One hundred and six alien marine crustacean species have been recorded in the Mediterranean Sea, and many have now established viable populations. Examination of the profound ecological impacts of some of the most conspicuous invasive crustaceans underscores their role, among multiple anthropogenic stressors, in altering the infralittoral communities. The native decapod and stomatopod biota of the soft sediments of the upper shelf in the southeastern Levantine Sea has been substituted by species that have entered the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal (Erythrean aliens). The latter form the majority of aliens in the eastern Mediterranean, whereas shipping and mariculture are powerful means of introduction in the Northwestern Mediterranean. Thermophilic species have been introduced for much of the twentieth century, yet few spread outside the Levantine Basin until the 1990s. It is proposed that the rising seawater-surface temperature (SST) will favour the thermophilic aliens reproduction, growth, and survival, and provides them with a distinct advantage over native temperate Mediterranean taxa. It is likely that both processes i.e., rising SST and the influx of thermophilic aliens, have impacted the local fisheries through displacement of commercially important native species by aliens.

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Acknowledgements

I am grateful to L. Shoval for providing much needed help with the database. Special thanks to the librarians of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, and Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa. T. Schuh, AMNH, hosted me with the greatest kindness. I thank C. Froglia for his collaboration in the study of Mediterranean crustaceans lasting over a quarter century. This review is based on a database updated and validated during the European Commission’s sixth Framework Programme DAISIE (contract SSPI-CT-2003-511202). The integrated project ‘Site Effect Assessment Using Ambient Excitations’ (SESAME) supported by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme, Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystems, allowed continuation of this work; both are gratefully acknowledged.

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Galil, B.S. (2011). The Alien Crustaceans in the Mediterranean Sea: An Historical Review. In: Galil, B., Clark, P., Carlton, J. (eds) In the Wrong Place - Alien Marine Crustaceans: Distribution, Biology and Impacts. Invading Nature - Springer Series in Invasion Ecology, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0591-3_13

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