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Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Reef Building Corals

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Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences: Methods and Applications

Part of the book series: Developments in Applied Phycology ((DAPH,volume 4))

Abstract

The ecological success of reef-building corals throughout the tropics is due in large part to the endosymbiotic dinoflagellates that reside within the gastrodermal cells of these cnidarian hosts. These algae, belonging to the genus Symbiodinium, are often referred to by the common term of “zooxanthellae.” This mutualism between Symbiodinium spp. and tropical and sub-tropical coral species has been a key component to the evolutionary persistence of reef-building corals since the Triassic (Stanely 2003). The importance of these algae in the long-term success of reef-building corals cannot be over emphasized, as they can contribute a significant portion of photosynthetically derived carbon to the host via translocation. The coral metabolizes this carbon, thereby meeting up to 90 percent or more of the animal’s daily metabolic demand from the byproducts of photosynthesis by the symbionts (Muscatine 1990). The large proportion of respiratory carbon provided by these endosymbionts contributes directly to the energetic demands of coral, with calcification rates that are typically elevated by three times as much when compared to corals held in the dark or species that do not harbor endosymbionts (i.e. aposymbiotic) (Gattuso 1999). Corals also feed heterotrophically; however this energy source cannot be directly monitored using the techniques described in this chapter and consequently will not be discussed.

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Acknowledgements

Support to M. Warner was provided by the National Science Foundation (IOB 544765) and from the Australian Research Council for P. Ralph. Elements of this chapter were a direct result of several fruitful discussions among many colleagues who attended the AquaFluo, Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences meeting in 2007, as well as the UNESCO-IOC-World Bank Coral Reef Targeted Research Group workshop, “Understanding the stress response of corals and Symbiodinium in a rapidly changing environment,” in 2005 in Puerto Morelos, Mexico.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Rd., Lewes, DE, 19958, USA

    Mark E. Warner

  2. Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA

    Michael P. Lesser

  3. Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, 123, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Peter J. Ralph

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  1. Mark E. Warner
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  2. Michael P. Lesser
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Correspondence to Mark E. Warner .

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  1. , Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom

    David J. Suggett

  2. Institute of Microbiology, Opatovciky mlyn, Trebon, 379 81, Czech Republic

    Ondrej Prášil

  3. Murdoch University, School of Biological Sciences and Biotec, Algae R&D Center, Murdoch, 6150, West Australia, Australia

    Michael A. Borowitzka

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Warner, M.E., Lesser, M.P., Ralph, P.J. (2010). Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Reef Building Corals. In: Suggett, D., Prášil, O., Borowitzka, M. (eds) Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences: Methods and Applications. Developments in Applied Phycology, vol 4. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9268-7_10

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