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The Variation of O Antigens in Gram-Negative Bacteria

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Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 53))

Abstract

The O antigen, consisting of many repeats of an oligosaccharide unit, is part of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. It is on the cell surface and appears to be a major target for both immune system and bacteriophages, and therefore becomes one of the most variable cell constituents. The variability of the O antigen provides the major basis for serotyping schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. The genes responsible for the synthesis of O antigen are usually in a single cluster known as O antigen gene cluster, and their location on the chromosome within a species is generally conserved. Three O antigen biosynthesis pathways including Wzx/Wzy, ABC-transporter and Synthase have been discovered. In this chapter, the traditional and molecular O serotyping schemes are compared, O antigen structures and gene clusters of well-studied species are described, processes for formation and distribution of the variety of O antigens are discussed, and finally, the role of O antigen in bacterial virulence.

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Abbreviations

LPS:

lipopolysaccharide

RFLP:

restriction fragment length polymorphism

Gal:

galactose

Galf :

galactofuranose

SDS-PAGE:

sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

Und-P:

undecaprenol phosphate

GlcNAc:

N-acetyl-d-glucosamine

GalNAc:

N-acetyl-d-galactosamine

TM:

transmembrane

IT:

initial transferase

CDP-DDH:

CDP-3,6-dideoxyhexose

LVS:

live vaccine strain

T3SS:

type III secretion system

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  1. TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, China

    Lei Wang & Quan Wang

  2. School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Peter R. Reeves

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  1. Lei Wang
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  1. Dept. Biochemistry, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China, People's Republic

    Xiaoyuan Wang

  2. European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, Garching, 85748, Germany

    Peter J. Quinn

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Wang, L., Wang, Q., Reeves, P.R. (2010). The Variation of O Antigens in Gram-Negative Bacteria. In: Wang, X., Quinn, P. (eds) Endotoxins: Structure, Function and Recognition. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 53. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9078-2_6

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