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Transcription Factor Binding Sites and Other Features in Human and Drosophila Proximal Promoters

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A Handbook of Transcription Factors

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 52))

Abstract

Eukaryotic promoters determine transcription start sites (TSSs), and are often enriched for transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), which presumably play a major role in determining the location and activity of the TSS. In mammalian systems, proximal promoters are enriched for the CpG dinucleotide. The TFBSs that are enriched in proximal promoters (–200 bps to the TSS) are CCAAT, ETS, NRF1, SP1, E-Box, CRE, BoxA, and TATA. Only TATA occurs in a DNA strand dependent manner. In Drosophila, proximal promoters are AT rich and many putative TFBSs are enriched in proximal promoters. These sequences are different from those that occur in human promoters, except for TATA and E-Box, and many occur on a single strand of DNA giving directionality to the promoter. Thus, fundamental differences have arisen as promoters evolved in metazoans.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Metabolism, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Charles Vinson & Raghunath Chatterjee

  2. Genome Analysis Unit, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA

    Peter Fitzgerald

Authors
  1. Charles Vinson
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  2. Raghunath Chatterjee
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  3. Peter Fitzgerald
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charles Vinson .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Res, University of Toronto, College St. 160, Toronto, M5S 3E1, Canada

    Timothy R. Hughes

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Vinson, C., Chatterjee, R., Fitzgerald, P. (2011). Transcription Factor Binding Sites and Other Features in Human and Drosophila Proximal Promoters. In: Hughes, T. (eds) A Handbook of Transcription Factors. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 52. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9069-0_10

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