Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

NHG-Standaard Diabetes mellitus type 2

Tweede herziening

  • Chapter
NHG-Standaarden 2009

  • 7321 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatuur

  • Abbasi F, Reaven GM. Relationship between fasting and daylong plasma glucose concentrations in diet-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2002;51:457–459.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adler AI, Stevens RJ, Manley SE, Bilous RW, Cull CA, Holman RR. Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64). Kidney Int 2003;63:225–232.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal G, Pierce M, Ridout D. The GP perspective: problems experienced in providing diabetes care in UK general practice. Diabet Med 2002;19 Suppl 4:13–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad J, Siddiqui MA, Ahmad H. Effective postponement of diabetic nephropathy with enalapril in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Diabetes Care 1997;20:1576–1581.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmann AJ, Riddle MC. What to do when two oral agents fail to control type 2 diabetes – a matter of opinion or a matter of fact? Am J Med 2004;116:276–278.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al Salman J, Arjomand H, Kemp DG, Mittal M. Hepatocellular injury in a patient receiving rosiglitazone. A case report. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:121–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alberti KG, Gries FA, Jervell J, Krans HM. A desktop guide for the management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM): an update. European NIDDM Policy Group. Diabet Med 1994;11:899–909.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Reasearch Group. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002;288:2981–2997.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Diabetes Association. American Diabetes Association: clinical practice recommendations 1996. Diabetes Care 1996;19 Suppl 1:S1–S118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson L. Health-care communication and selected psychosocial correlates of adherence in diabetes management. Diabetes Care 1990;13;66–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymus. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 1997;20:1183–1197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymus. Executive summary of the clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1855–1867.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymus. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2005a;28:S37–S42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymus. Renine: registratie nierfunctieverandering Nederland. Rotterdam, 2005b. http://www.renine.nl, geraadpleegd april 2005.

  • Apelqvist J, Bakker K, Van Houtum WH, Nabuurs-Franssen MH, Schaper NC. International consensus and practical guidelines on the management and the prevention of the diabetic foot. InternationalWorking Group on the Diabetic Foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2000;16 Suppl 1:S84–S92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Avignon A, Radauceanu A, Monnier L. Nonfasting plasma glucose is a better marker of diabetic control than fasting plasma glucose in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1997;20:1822–1826.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey CJ, Turner RC. Metformin. N Engl J Med 1996;334:574–579.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker AJ,De GrauwWJ. Methoden van urineverzameling voor het bepalen van microalbuminurie: tijd voor consensus. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2004;148:2012–2015.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett AH, Eff C, Leslie RD, Pyke DA. Diabetes in identical twins. A study of 200 pairs. Diabetologia 1981;20:87–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnett AH, Bain SC, Bouter P, Karlberg B, Madsbad S, Jervell J, et al. Angiotensin-receptor blockade versus convertingenzyme inhibition in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.N Engl J Med 2004;351:1952–1961.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bastyr EJ, III, Stuart CA, Brodows RG, Schwartz S, Graf CJ, Zagar A, et al. Therapy focused on lowering postprandial glucose, not fasting glucose, may be superior for lowering HbA1c. IOEZ Study Group. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1236–1241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Becker W. Imaging osteomyelitis and the diabetic foot.Q J Nucl Med 1999;43:9–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beks PJ, Mackaay AJ, De Neeling JN, De Vries H, Bouter LM, Heine RJ. Peripheral arterial disease in relation to glycaemic level in an elderly Caucasian population: The Hoorn Study. Diabetologia 1995;38:86–96.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BirkenhägerWH,De Leeuw PW. ‘Survival of the fittest’: invloed van geregelde lichaamsbeweging op gezondheid en levensverwachting. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2002;146:1479–1483.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bo S, Ciccone G, Rosato R, Gancia R, Grassi G, Merletti F, et al. Renal damage in patients with type 2 diabetes: a strong predictor of mortality. Diabet Med 2005;22:258–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BonkovskyHL, Azar R, Bird S, Szabo G, Banner B. Severe cholestatic hepatitis caused by thiazolidinediones: risks associated with substituting rosiglitazone for troglitazone. Dig Dis Sci 2002;47:1632–1637.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonora E, Calcaterra F, Lombardi S, Bonfante N, Formentini G, Bonadonna RC, et al. Plasma glucose levels throughout the day and HbA(1c) interrelationships in type 2 diabetes: implications for treatment and monitoring of metabolic control. Diabetes Care 2001;24:2023–2029.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bos V, Kunst AE, Keij-Deerenberg IM, Garssen J, Mackenbach JP. Ethnic inequalities in age-and cause-specific mortality in The Netherlands. Int J Epidemiol 2004;33:1112–1119.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BouléNG, Haddad E, Kenny GP,Wells GA, Sigal RJ. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. JAMA 2001;286:1218–1227.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bouma M, Dekker JH, De Sonnaville JJ, Van der Does FE,De Vries H, Kriegsman DM, et al. How valid is fasting plasma glucose as a parameter of glycemic control in non-insulinusing patients with type 2 diabetes? Diabetes Care 1999;22:904–907.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brenner BM, Cooper ME, De Zeeuw D, Keane WF, Mitch WE, Parving HH, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001;345:861–869.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. PAR-Q & you, PARmed-X. Physical Activity Guide 2002.www.csep.ca, geraadpleegd mei 2005.

  • Charbonnel B, Dormandy J, Erdmann E, Massi-Benedetti M, Skene A. The prospective pioglitazone clinical trial in macrovascular events (PROactive): can pioglitazone reduce cardiovascular events in diabetes? Study design and baseline characteristics of 5238 patients. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1647–1653.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • ChaseMP,Yarze JC. Pioglitazone-associated fulminant hepatic failure. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:502–503.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chilcott J, Tappenden P, Jones ML, Wight JP. A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of pioglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther 2001;23:1792–1823.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chodosh J, Morton SC, MojicaW, Maglione M, SuttorpMJ, Hilton L, et al. Meta-analysis: chronic disease selfmanagement programs for older adults. Ann Intern Med 2005;143:427–438.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury TA, Lasker SS. Complications and cardiovascular risk factors in South Asians and Europeans with early-onset type 2 diabetes.QJM2002;95:241–246.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clement S. Diabetes self-management education. Diabetes Care 1995;18:1204–1214.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen KL, Harris S. Efficacy of glyburide in diabetics poorly controlled on first-generation oral hypoglycemics. Diabetes Care 1987;10:555.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Commissie Farmaceutische Hulp. Farmacotherapeutisch kompas 2005. Amstelveen: College voor Zorgverzekeringen, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuff DJ, Meneilly GS, Martin A, Ignaszewski A, TildesleyHD, Frohlich JJ. Effective exercise modality to reduce insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003;26:2977–2982.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Czoski-Murray C,Warren E, Chilcott J, Beverley C, Psyllaki MA, Cowan J. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2004;8:III, IX-91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dailey GE, III, NoorMA, Park JS, Bruce S, Fiedorek FT. Glycemic control with glyburide/metformin tablets in combination with rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind trial. Am J Med 2004;116:223–229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dalton M, Cameron AJ, Zimmet PZ, Shaw JE, Jolley D, DunstanDW, et al.Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index and their correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors in Australian adults. J Intern Med 2003;254:555–563.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De GrauwWJ, Van de Lisdonk EH, Van den HoogenHJ, Van Weel C. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetic patients: a 22-year historical cohort study in Dutch general practice. Diabet Med 1995;12:117–122.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De GrauwWJ, Van de Lisdonk EH, Behr RR, Van GerwenWH, Van den HoogenHJ, VanWeel C. The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on daily functioning. Fam Pract 1999;16:133–139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De GrauwWJ, Van de Lisdonk EH, Van GerwenWH, Van den HoogenHJ, VanWeel C. Insulin therapy in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients: does it affect quality of life? Br J Gen Pract 2001;51:527–532.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De GrauwWJ, Van GerwenWH, Van de Lisdonk EH, Van den HoogenHJ, Van den BoschWJ, VanWeel C. Outcomes of audit-enhanced monitoring of patients with type 2 diabetes. J Fam Pract 2002;51:459–464.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De GrauwWJ [Persoonlijke mededeling]. Department of General Practice Academic Research Network CMRNMP. University Medical Centre Nijmegen, geraadpleegd mei 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Groot MCH. Alcoholflushes bij sulfonylureumderivaten. Gebu Prikbord 2005;39:33.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Sonnaville JJJ, Bouma M, Colly LP, DevilleW,Wijkel D, Heine RJ. Sustained good glycaemic control in NIDD Mpatients by implementation of structured care in general practice: 2-year follow-up study. Diabetologia 1997;40:1334–1340.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Vegt F, Dekker JM, Jager A, Hienkens E, Kostense PJ, Stehouwer CD, et al. Relation of impaired fasting and postload glucose with incident type 2 diabetes in a Dutch population: The Hoorn Study. JAMA 2001;285:2109–2113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeFronzo RA. Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1999;131:281–303.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dekker JM, Heine RJ, Maassen JA. Diagnostiek, epidemiologie en prognose. In: Heine RJ, Tack C, editors. Handboek diabetes mellitus. Utrecht: De Tijdstroom, 2004: 23–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derosa G, Mugellini A, Ciccarelli L, Crescenzi G, Fogari R. Comparison between repaglinide and glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a one-year, randomized, double-blind assessment of metabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors. Clin Ther 2003;25:472–484.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Derosa G, Cicero AF, Gaddi A, Ragonesi PD, Fogari E, Bertone G, et al. Metabolic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome treated with glimepiride: a twelve-month, multicenter, doubleblind, randomized, controlled, parallel-group trial. Clin Ther 2004;26:744–754.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeWitt DE, Hirsch IB. Outpatient insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: scientific review. JAMA 2003;289:2254–2264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002;346:393–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diamant M, Heine RJ. Thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes mellitus: current clinical evidence. Drugs 2003;63:1373–1405.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dijkshoorn H, Uitenbroek DG, Middelkoop BJC. Prevalentie van diabetes mellitus en hart- en vaatziekten onder Turkse, Marokkaanse en autochtone Nederlanders. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2003;147:1362–1366.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dinneen SF, GersteinHC. The association of microalbuminuria and mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:1413–1418.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dormandy JA, Charbonnel B, Eckland DJ, Erdmann E, Massi-Benedetti M, Moules IK, et al. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366:1279–1289.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dunstan DW, Daly RM, Owen N, Jolley D, De Court, Shaw J, et al. High-intensity resistance training improves glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1729–1736.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunstan DW, Daly RM, Owen N, Jolley D, Vulikh E, Shaw J, et al. Home-based resistance training is not sufficient to maintain improved glycemic control following supervised training in older individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005;28:3–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farley-Hills E, Sivasankar R, Martin M. Fatal liver failure associated with pioglitazone. BMJ 2004;329:429.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fedele D, Bortolotti A, Coscelli C, Santeusanio F, Chatenoud L, Colli E, et al. Erectile dysfunction in type 1 and type 2 diabetics in Italy.On behalf of Gruppo Italiano Studio Deficit Erettile nei Diabetici. Int J Epidemiol 2000;29:524–531.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feskens EJM, Gijsen R, Baan CA. Diabetes mellitus: ziekte en de gevolgen voor de patiënt.Wat is het beloop van diabetes mellitus? Nationaal Kompas Volksgezondheid 2005. Bilthoven: RIVM, http://www.nationaalkompas.nl. Gezondheidstoestand\Ziekten en aandoeningen\Endocriene-, voedings- en stofwisselingsziekten en immuniteitsstoornissen\Diabetes mellitus, geraadpleegd op 18 november 2005.

  • Folsom AR, Kushi LH, Anderson KE, Mink PJ, Olson JE, Hong CP, et al. Associations of general and abdominal obesity with multiple health outcomes in older women: the Iowa Women’s Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2117–2128.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fonseca V, Bell DS, Berger S, Thomson S, Mecca TE. A comparison of bedtime insulin glargine with bedtime neutral protamine hagedorn insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: subgroup analysis of patients taking once-daily insulin in a multicenter, randomized, parallel group study. Am J Med Sci 2004a;328:274–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fonseca V, Desouza C, Asnani S, Jialal I. Nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Endocr Rev 2004b;25:153–175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forman LM, Simmons DA, Diamond RH. Hepatic failure in a patient taking rosiglitazone. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:118–121.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fritsche A, SchweitzerMA, HaringHU. Glimepiride combined with morning insulin glargine, bedtime neutral protamine hagedorn insulin, or bedtime insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:952–960.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Game FL, Jones AF. Ethnicity and risk factors for coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2000;2:91–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geneesmiddeleninformatiebank. Gewijzigde 1B-tekst rosiglitazon. http://www.cbg-meb.nl, geraadpleegd juli 2005.

  • Gezondheidsraad. Overgewicht en obesitas. Den Haag: Gezondheidsraad, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gezondheidsraad. Screening op type 2 diabetes. Den Haag: Gezondheidsraad, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization.N Engl J Med 2004;351:1296–1305.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goddijn PPM, Meyboom-de Jong B, Feskens EJM, Van Ballegooie E, BiloHJ. Verschillen tussen patiënten met diabetes mellitus type II bij wie wel en bij wie niet wordt overgeschakeld op insulinetherapie in de tweede lijn. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1998;142:1023–1026.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GoudaHE, Khan A, Schwartz J, Cohen RI. Liver failure in a patient treated with long-term rosiglitazone therapy. Am J Med 2001;111:584–585.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goudswaard AN, Stolk RP, De Valk HW, Rutten GE. Improving glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without insulin therapy. Diabet Med 2003;20:540–544.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goudswaard AN, FurlongNJ, Valk GD, Stolk RP, Rutten GE. Insulin monotherapy versus combinations of insulin with oral hypoglycaemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004a;CD003418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goudswaard AN, Stolk RP, Zuithoff NP,De ValkHW, Rutten GE. Long-term effects of self-management education for patients with type 2 diabetes taking maximal oral hypoglycaemic therapy: a randomized trial in primary care. Diabet Med 2004b;21:491–496.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goudswaard AN, Stolk RP, Zuithoff P, De ValkHW, Rutten GE. Starting insulin in type 2 diabetes: continue oral hypoglycemic agents? A randomized trial in primary care. J Fam Pract 2004c;53:393–399.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goudswaard AN[Persoonlijke mededeling]. Julius Centrum voor Gezondheidswetenschappen en Eerstelijns Geneeskunde, UMC Utrecht. STichts Insuline Project (geraadpleegd maart 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  • Greaves CJ, Brown P,Terry RT, Eiser C, Lings P, Stead JW. Converting to insulin in primary care: an exploration of the needs of practice nurses. J Adv Nurs 2003;42:487–496.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gregg EW, Gerzoff RB, Caspersen CJ,Williamson DF, Narayan KM. Relationship of walking to mortality among US adults with diabetes. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:1440–1447.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin S, Kinmonth AL. Diabetes care: the effectiveness of systems for routine surveillance for people with diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;CD000541.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grundy SM. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2595–2600.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hajjar I, Kotchen TA.Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988-2000. JAMA 2003;290:199–206.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanefeld M, Brunetti P, Schernthaner GH, Matthews DR, Charbonnel BH. One-year glycemic control with a sulfonylurea plus pioglitazone versus a sulfonylurea plus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:141–147.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrower AD. Comparison of efficacy, secondary failure rate, and complications of sulfonylureas. J Diabetes Complications 1994;8:201–203.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayward RA, Manning WG, Kaplan SH,Wagner EH, Greenfield S. Starting insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Effectiveness, complications, and resource utilization. JAMA 1997;278:1663.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Investigators. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Lancet 2000;355:253–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heine RJ, Dekker JM. Beyond postprandial hyperglycaemia: metabolic factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Diabetologia 2002;45:461–475.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmboe ES. Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes: clinical applications. JAMA 2002;287:373–376.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoogeveen EK, Kostense PJ, Eysink PE, Polak BC, Beks PJ, Jakobs C, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with the presence of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Hoorn Study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:2984–2990.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houweling ST, Timmerman GJ, HoogstratenMF, Ubink- Veltmaat LJ, Verhoeven S, BiloHJ. Aanbevelingen voor het instellen en aanpassen van insulinetherapie bij diabetes mellitus type 2. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2002;146:1823–1827.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houweling ST, Kleefstra N, Van Ballegooie E, Miedema K, Rischen R, Heeg JE. Diagnostiek van diabetes mellitus: beperkte plaats voor draagbare glucosemeters. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2005;149:694–697.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu FB, StampferMJ, Solomon C, Liu S, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, et al. Physical activity and risk for cardiovascular events in diabetic women. Ann Intern Med 2001;134:96–105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu G, Lindstrom J, Valle TT, Eriksson JG, Jousilahti P, Silventoinen K, et al. Physical activity, body mass index, and risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with normal or impaired glucose regulation. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:892–896.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inzucchi SE. Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes: scientific review. JAMA 2002;287:360–372.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ivy JL. Role of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Sports Med 1997;24:321–336.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jazet IM, Meinders AE.De thiazolidinedionderivaten: een nieuwe klasse orale bloedglucoseverlagende middelen. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2001;145:1541–1547.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johansen K. Efficacy of metformin in the treatment of NIDDM. Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 1999;22:33–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson JL,Wolf SL, Kabadi UM. Efficacy of insulin and sulfonylurea combination therapy in type II diabetes. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn SE. The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2003;46:3–19.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanaya AM, Grady D, Barrett-Connor E. Explaining the sex difference in coronary heart disease mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1737–1745.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kemperman FA, Krediet RT, Arisz L. Formula-derived prediction of the glomerular filtration rate from plasma creatinine concentration. Nephron 2002;91:547–558.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan MA, St PJ, Xue JL. A prospective, randomized comparison of the metabolic effects of pioglitazone or rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes who were previously treated with troglitazone. Diabetes Care 2002;25:708–711.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim C, Newton KM, Knopp RH. Gestational diabetes and the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1862–1868.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirpichnikov D, McFarlane SI, Sowers JR. Metformin: an update. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:25–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kisoensingh SU, Pezeshkinia A,Waardenburg M, Schobben AFAM. Thiazolidinedionen en leverfunctiestoornissen: alleen in het begin is controle van leverfunctie nodig. PharmaceutischWeekblad 2004;139:1065.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein S, SheardNF, Pi-Sunyer X, Daly A, Wylie-Rosett J, Kulkarni K, et al.Weight management through lifestyle modification for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: rationale and strategies: a statement of the American Diabetes Association, the North American Association for the Study of Obesity, and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2067–2073.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klungel OH, Grobbee DE,De Boer A. Het onderbouwd voorschrijven van antihypertensiva bij hypertensie. GeBu 2005;39:13–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobberling J, Tillil H. Genetic and nutritional factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.World Rev Nutr Diet 1990;63:102–115.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koek HL, Van Leest LATM, Verschuren WMM, Bots ML. Het voorkomen van leefstijl- en risicofactoren voor hart- en vaatziekten bij 55-plussers. Hart- en vaatziekten in Nederland 2003, cijfers over leefstijl- en risicofactoren, ziekte en sterfte. Den Haag: Nederlandse Hartstichting, 2003: 53–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koninklijke Nederlandse Maatschappij ter bevordering der Pharmacie. Informatorium Medicamentorum. Den Haag: KNMP, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koski RR. Oral antidiabetic agents: a comparative review. J Pharm Pract 2004;17:39–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwaliteitsinstituut voor de Gezondheidszorg CBO. Richtlijn Behandeling van tabaksverslaving. Utrecht: Kwaliteitsinstituut voor de Gezondheidszorg CBO, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  • LakkaHM, Laaksonen DE, Lakka TA, Niskanen LK, Kumpusalo E,Tuomilehto J, et al. The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA 2002;288:2709–2716.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landgraf R, BiloHJ, Muller PG. A comparison of repaglinide and glibenclamide in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients previously treated with sulphonylureas. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1999;55:165–171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence JM, Reid J,Taylor GJ, Stirling C, Reckless JP. Favorable effects of pioglitazone and metformin compared with gliclazide on lipoprotein subfractions in overweight patients with early type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:41–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeanME, Han TS, Seidell JC. Impairment of health and quality of life in people with large waist circumference. Lancet 1998;351:853–856.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LebovitzHE, Kreider M, FreedMI. Evaluation of liver function in type 2 diabetic patients during clinical trials: evidence that rosiglitazone does not cause hepatic dysfunction. Diabetes Care 2002;25:815–821.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeeWL, Cheung AM, Cape D, Zinman B. Impact of diabetes on coronary artery disease in women and men: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetes Care 2000;23:962–968.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerman-Garber I, Lopez-Ponce A, Murcio Flores RA, Brito- Cordova GX, Velasco-PerezML, Villa AR, et al. Comparing easy and accessible parameters of glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Rev Invest Clin 2001;53:518–525.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:461–470.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levey AS, Coresh J, Balk E, Kausz AT, Levin A, SteffesMW, et al. National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Ann Intern Med 2003;139:137–147.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, Berl T, Pohl MA, Lewis JB, et al. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001;345:851–860.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Little P, Dorward M, Gralton S, Hammerton L, Pillinger J, White P, et al. A randomised controlled trial of three pragmatic approaches to initiate increased physical activity in sedentary patients with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Br J Gen Pract 2004;54:189–195.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loveman E, Cave C, Green C, Royle P, Dunn N,WaughN. The clinical and cost-effectiveness of patient education models for diabetes: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2003;7:III,1–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maassen JA, LemkesHH, Losekoot M. Van gen naar ziekte; ‘maturity-onset diabetes of the young’ (MODY), monogenetisch overervende vormen van diabetes mellitus. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2001;145:1352–1353.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Massi Benedetti M, Humburg E, Dressler A, Ziemen M. A oneyear, randomised, multicentre trial comparing insulin glargine withNPHinsulin in combination with oral agents in patients with type 2 diabetes. Horm Metab Res 2003;35:189–196.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathus-Vliegen EMH. Voeding en gezondheid: streefgewicht bij obesitas niet realistisch; wel gezondheidswinst door matige stabiele gewichtsreductie. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2003;147:1168–1172.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meigs JB,Hu FB, Rifai N, Manson JE. Biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2004;291:1978–1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miedema K, Veltmaat LJ, Reenders K. Overschakeling op insuline bijNIADM-patiënten in de huisartspraktijk. Huisarts Wet 1995;38:614–617.

    Google Scholar 

  • Misbin RI. The phantom of lactic acidosis due to metformin in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1791–1793.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mogensen CE, Neldam S, Tikkanen I, Oren S, Viskoper R, WattsRW, et al. Randomised controlled trial of dual blockade of renin-angiotensin system in patients with hypertension, microalbuminuria, and non-insulin dependent diabetes: The Candesartan and Lisinopril Microalbuminuria (CALM) Study. BMJ 2000;321:1440–1444.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mogensen CE. Microalbuminuria and hypertension with focus on type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Intern Med 2003;254:45–66.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monnier L, Colette C, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Lapinski H, Caubel C, Avignon A, et al. Morning hyperglycemic excursions: a constant failure in the metabolic control of non-insulin-using patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:737–741.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monnier L, Lapinski H, Colette C. Contributions of fasting and postprandial plasma glucose increments to the overall diurnal hyperglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients: variations with increasing levels of HbA(1c). Diabetes Care 2003;26:881–885.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mooy JM. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a general caucasian population [Proefschrift]. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabuurs-FranssenMH, Houben AJ,Tooke JE, SchaperNC. The effect of polyneuropathy on foot microcirculation in type II diabetes. Diabetologia 2002;45:1164–1171.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagasaka S, Aiso Y,Yoshizawa K, Ishibashi S. Comparison of pioglitazone and metformin efficacy using homeostasis model assessment. Diabet Med 2004;21:136–141.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naushahi MJ, De Grauw WJ, Avery AJ, Van Gerwen WH, Van de Lisdonk EH, VanWeel C. Risk factors for development of impaired renal function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in primary care. Diabet Med 2004;21:1096–1101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nederlands Oogheelkundig Gezelschap. Herziene Richtlijn Diabetische retinopathie. Conceptrichtlijn maart 2005.Nederlands Oogheelkundig Gezelschap, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nederlandse Diabetes Federatie. Sport en bewegen bij diabetes mellitus. Leusden: Nederlandse Diabetes Federatie, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nederlandse Vereniging voor Neurologie, Nederlandse Vereniging voor Klinische Neurofysiologie. EBRO-richtlijn Polyneuropathie. Alphen aan den Rijn: Van Zuiden Communications, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • NestoRW, Bell D, Bonow RO, Fonseca V, Grundy SM, Horton ES, et al. Thiazolidinedione use, fluid retention, and congestive heart failure: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association. Circulation 2003;108:2941–2948.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nijpels G, Popp-Snijders C, Kostense PJ, Bouter LM, Heine RJ. Fasting proinsulin and 2-h post-load glucose levels predict the conversion toNIDDMin subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: The Hoorn Study. Diabetologia 1996;39:113–118.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nijpels G, SerreeMJ, Dekker JM, Heine RJ. Zelfcontrole door patiënten met diabetes mellitus type 2, een jaar na aanvang: gebruikersfouten bij een kwart. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2003;147:1068–1070.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nijpels G [Persoonlijke mededeling Afdeling huisartsgeneeskunde EMGO-Instituut. Diabetes ZorgsysteemWest- Friesland. Vumc Amsterdam, geraadpleegd maart 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris SL, EngelgauMM, Narayan KM. Effectiveness of selfmanagement training in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 2001;24:561–587.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Norris SL, Lau J, Smith SJ, Schmid CH, EngelgauMM. Selfmanagement education for adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of the effect on glycemic control. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1159–1171.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Partanen J, Niskanen L, Lehtinen J, Mervaala E, Siitonen O, Uusitupa M. Natural history of peripheral neuropathy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.N Engl J Med 1995;333:89–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ParvingHH, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J, Gomis R, Andersen S, Arner P. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2001;345:870–878.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson ER, Starkey BJ, Powell RJ, Gribble FM, Clark PM, Hattersley AT. Genetic cause of hyperglycaemia and response to treatment in diabetes. Lancet 2003;362:1275–1281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perry IJ,Wannamethee SG,WalkerMK, et al. Prospective study of risk factors for development of non-insulin dependent diabetes in middle aged British men. BMJ 1995;310:560–564.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polonsky KS, Sturis J, Bell GI. Seminars in Medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus – a genetically programmed failure of the beta cell to compensate for insulin resistance. N Engl J Med 1996;334:777–783.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pozzilli P, Di MU. Autoimmune diabetes not requiring insulin at diagnosis (latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult): definition, characterization, and potential prevention. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1460–1467.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raskin P, Klaff L, McGill J, South SA, Hollander P, Khutoryansky N, et al. Efficacy and safety of combination therapy: repaglinide plus metformin versus nateglinide plus metformin. Diabetes Care 2003;26:2063–2068.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raskin P, McGill J, SaadMF, Cappleman JM, KayeW, Khutoryansky N, et al. Combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: repaglinide plus rosiglitazone. Diabet Med 2004;21:329–335.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ravid M, Lang R, Rachmani Rea. Long-term renoprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in noninsulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 1996;156:286–289.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988;37:1595–1607.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reenders K, Van den HoogenHJM, VanWeel C. Mortaliteit en morbiditeit bij een cohortNIDDM-patiënten. Huisarts Wet 1992a;35(10):391–396.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reenders K. Complicaties van niet-insuline-afhankelijke diabetes mellitus in de huisartspraktijk [Proefschrift]. Nijmegen: Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, 1992b.

    Google Scholar 

  • RendellMS, GlazerNB,Ye Z. Combination therapy with pioglitazone plus metformin or sulfonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes: influence of prior antidiabetic drug regimen. J Diabetes Complications 2003;17:211–217.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Renders CM, Valk GD, Franse LV, Schellevis FG, Van Eijk JT, Van derWal G. Long-term effectiveness of a quality improvement program for patients with type 2 diabetes in general practice. Diabetes Care 2001a;24:1365–1370.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renders CM, Valk GD, Griffin SJ,Wagner EH, Eijk VJ, AssendelftWJ. Interventions to improve the management of diabetes in primary care, outpatient, and community settings: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 2001b;24:1821–1833.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J. The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2003;26:3080–3086.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • RIVM. Gezichtsstoornissen. http://www.nationaalkompas.nl, geraadpleegd mei 2005.

  • Robertson RP, Harmon J,Tran PO, Poitout V. Beta-cell glucose toxicity, lipotoxicity, and chronic oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2004;53 Suppl 1:S119–S124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romero R, Salinas I, Lucas A,Abad E, Reverter JL, Johnston S, et al. Renal function changes in microalbuminuric normotensive type II diabetic patients treated with angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors. Diabetes Care 1993;16:597–600.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstock J, Schwartz SL, Clark CM, Jr., Park GD, Donley DW, Edwards MB. Basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: 28- week comparison of insulin glargine (HOE 901) andNPH insulin. Diabetes Care 2001;24:631–636.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossing K, Jacobsen P, Pietraszek L, ParvingHH. Renoprotective effects of adding angiotensin II receptor blocker to maximal recommended doses of ACE inhibitor in diabetic nephropathy: a randomized double-blind crossover trial. Diabetes Care 2003;26:2268–2274.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roy R, NavarM, Palomeno G, DavidsonMB. Real world effectiveness of rosiglitazone added to maximal (tolerated) doses of metformin and a sulfonylurea agent: a systematic evaluation of triple oral therapy in a minority population. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1741–1742.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ruige JB, Assendelft WJ, Dekker JM, Kostense PJ, Heine RJ, Bouter LM. Insulin and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Circulation 1998;97:996–1001.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutten GEHM. Repaglinide, mogelijk een therapeutische aanwinst bij diabetes mellitus type 2. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2001;145:1547–1550.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salpeter SR, Greyber E, Pasternak GA, Salpeter EE. Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2594–2602.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sami T, Kabadi UM, Moshiri S. The effect on metabolic control of second-generation sulfonylurea drugs in patients with NIDDMafter secundary failure to first-generation agents. J Fam Pract 1996;43:370–374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sano T, Hotta N, Kawamura T. Effects of long-term enalapril treatment on persistent microalbuminuria in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients: results of a 40 year, prospective, randomized study. Diabetic Med 1996;13:120–124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SchaperNC, Nabuurs-FranssenMH. The diabetic foot: pathogenesis and clinical evaluation. Semin Vasc Med 2002;2:221–228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schellevis F. Chronic diseases in general practice, comorbidity and quality of care [Proefschrift]. Nijmegen: Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schernthaner G, Grimaldi A, Di Mario U, Drzewoski J, Kempler P, Kvapil M, et al.GUIDE Study: double-blind comparison of once-daily gliclazideMRand glimepiride in type 2 diabetic patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2004a;34:535–542.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schernthaner G, Matthews DR, Charbonnel B, Hanefeld M, Brunetti P. Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a doubleblind, randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004b;89:6068–6076.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schiavi RC, Stimmel BB, Mandeli J, Rayfield EJ. Diabetes mellitus and male sexual function: a controlled study. Diabetologia 1993;36:745–751.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Selvin E, Marinopoulos S, Berkenblit G, Rami T, Brancati FL, PoweNR, et al. Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 2004;141:421–431.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, The Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee Physical activity and diabetes: Clinical Practice Guidelines. Canadian Diabetes Association, 2003. http://www.diabetes.ca, geraadpleegd mei 2005.

  • Singer DE, Coley CM, Samet JH, Nathan DM.Tests of glycemia in diabetes mellitus. Their use in establishing a diagnosis and in treatment. Ann Intern Med 1989;110:125–137.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snoek FJ. Breaking the barriers to optimal glycaemic control – what physicians need to know from patients’ perspectives. Int J Clin Pract Suppl 2002;80–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soonthornpun S, Rattarasarn C, Leelawattana R, SetasubanW. Postprandial plasma glucose: a good index of glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients having near-normal fasting glucose levels. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1999;46:23–27.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Spijkerman AM, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Adriaanse MC, Kostense PJ, Ruwaard D, et al. Microvascular complications at time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes are similar among diabetic patients detected by targeted screening and patients newly diagnosed in general practice: The Hoorn Screening Study. Diabetes Care 2003;26:2604–2608.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Statius Muller IM,De GrauwWJC, Van GerwenWHEM, BartelinkML, Van den HoogenHJM, Rutten GEHM. Incidentie van voetulcera en amputaties bij diabetes-mellitustype- 2-patiënten in de huisartspraktijk, regio Nijmegen 1993-1998. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2003;147:607–611.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strippoli GF, Craig M, Deeks JJ, Schena FP, Craig JC. Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists on mortality and renal outcomes in diabetic nephropathy: systematic review. BMJ 2004;329:828–831.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strowig SM, Aviles-Santa ML, Raskin P. Comparison of insulin monotherapy and combination therapy with insulin and metformin or insulin and troglitazone in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1691–1698.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strowig SM,Aviles-SantaML, Raskin P. Improved glycemic control without weight gain using triple therapy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1577–1583.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stumvoll M, Mitrakou A, PimentaW, Jenssen T, Yki-Jarvinen H, Van Haeften T, et al. Use of the oral glucose tolerance test to assess insulin release and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care 2000;23:295–301.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stumvoll M, Goldstein BJ, Van HaeftenTW.Type 2 diabetes: principles of pathogenesis and therapy. Lancet 2005;365:1333–1346.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • TerWee PM, Jorna AT. Behandeling van patiënten met chronische nierinsufficiëntie; richtlijn voor internisten. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2004;148:719–724.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.N Engl J Med 1993;329:977–986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiikkainen M, Hakkinen AM, Korsheninnikova E, Nyman T, Makimattila S, Yki-Jarvinen H. Effects of rosiglitazone and metformin on liver fat content, hepatic insulin resistance, insulin clearance, and gene expression in adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2004;53:2169–2176.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trento M, Passera P, Borgo E,Tomalino M, Bajardi M, Cavallo F, et al. A 5-year randomized controlled study of learning, problem solving ability, and quality of life modifications in people with type 2 diabetes managed by group care. Diabetes Care 2004;27:670–675.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tuomi T, Carlsson A, Li H, Isomaa B, Miettinen A, Nilsson A, et al. Clinical and genetic characteristics of type 2 diabetes with and without GAD antibodies. Diabetes 1999;48:150–157.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hamalainen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.N Engl J Med 2001;344:1343–1350.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner R, Cull C, Holman R. United Kingdom prospective diabetes study 17: a 9-year update of a randomized, controlled trial on the effect of improved metabolic control on complications inNIDDM. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:136–145.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turner RC, Cull CA, Frighi V, Holman RR. Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49).UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. JAMA 1999;281:2005–2012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Uitewaal P, Bruijnzeels M, De Hoop T, Hoes A, Thomas S. Feasibility of diabetes peer education for Turkish type 2 diabetes patients in Dutch general practice. Patient Educ Couns 2004a;53:359–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uitewaal PJ, Manna DR, BruijnzeelsMA, Hoes AW, Thomas S. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, other cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease in Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in North West Europe: a systematic review. Prev Med 2004b;39:1068–1076.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). 13: Relative efficacy of randomly allocated diet, sulphonylurea, insulin, or metformin in patients with newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes followed for three years. BMJ 1995;310:83–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 1998a;317:703–712.

    Google Scholar 

  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998b;352:837–853.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 1998c;352:854–865.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients is affected by complications but not by intensive policies to improve blood glucose or blood pressure control (UKPDS 37).UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Diabetes Care 1999;22:1125–1136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uusitupa M, Siitonen O, Pyorala K, Aro A, Hersio K, Penttila I, et al. The relationship of cardiovascular risk factors to the prevalence of coronary heart disease in newly diagnosed type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia 1985;28:653–659.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • UusitupaMI, Niskanen LK, Siitonen O, Voutilainen E, Pyorala K.Ten-year cardiovascular mortality in relation to risk factors and abnormalities in lipoprotein composition in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Diabetologia 1993;36:1175–1184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valk G. The diagnosing of diabetic poly neuropathy in daily clinical practice [Proefschrift]. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Ballegooie E [Persoonlijke mededeling]. ZODIAC Transmuraal Diabetes Project Zwolle. Isala Klinieken Zwolle. Geraadpleegd april 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van de Laar FA, Lucassen PL, Akkermans RP, Van de Lisdonk EH, Rutten GEHM, VanWeel C. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2005;28:154–163.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Does FE,De Neeling JN, Snoek FJ, Grootenhuis PA, Kostense PJ, Bouter LM, et al. Randomized study of two different target levels of glycemic control within the acceptable range in type 2 diabetes. Effects on well-being at 1 year. Diabetes Care 1998;21:2085–2093.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van HoutumWH, Rauwerda JA, Ruwaard D, SchaperNC, Bakker K. Reduction in diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations in The Netherlands: 1991-2000. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1042–1046.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Loo JM, Drenthen AJ, Peer PG, Thien TA. Prevalentie, opsporing en behandeling van hypertensie in Lelystad (1982-1984); is de ‘regel van de helften’ nog steeds van toepassing? Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1987;131:624–627.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Rossum CT, Van de Mheen H,Witteman JC, Hofman A, Mackenbach JP, Grobbee DE. Prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension by sociodemographic factors among the Dutch elderly. Hypertension 2000;35:814–821.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Sluijs EMF, Van Poppel MNM, Twisk JWR, Chin A, Paw JMM, Calfas KJ, et al. The (in)effectiveness of a tailored physical activity intervention in general practice: results of a randomized controlled trial. In: Van Sluijs EMF. Effectiveness of physical activity promotion: the case of general controlled trial [Proefschrift]. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 2004a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Sluijs EM, Van Poppel MNM, Stalman WA, Van Mechelen W. Feasibility and acceptability of a physical activity promotion programme in general practice. Fam Pract 2004b;21:429–436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verhoeven S. Behandeling, controle en metabole instelling van patiënten met diabetes mellitus type 2 en de prevalentie van late complicaties van deze patiënten [Proefschrift]. Rotterdam: Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  • Viberti G, Kahn SE, Greene DA, HermanWH, Zinman B, Holman RR, et al. A diabetes outcome progression trial (ADOPT): an international multicenter study of the comparative efficacy of rosiglitazone, glyburide, and metformin in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1737–1743.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WeiM, Gibbons LW, Kampert JB, NichamanMZ, Blair SN. Low cardiorespiratory fitness and physical inactivity as predictors of mortality in men with type 2 diabetes. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:605–611.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Welschen LM, Bloemendal E, Nijpels G, Dekker JM, Heine RJ, StalmanWA, et al. Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not using insulin: a systematic review. Diabetes Care 2005;28:1510–1517.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Westerbacka J, Corner A, Tiikkainen M,Tamminen M, Vehkavaara S, Hakkinen AM, et al.Women and men have similar amounts of liver and intra-abdominal fat, despite more subcutaneous fat in women: implications for sex differences in markers of cardiovascular risk. Diabetologia 2004;47:1360–1369.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson PW, Anderson KM, KannelWB. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in the elderly. The Framingham Study. Am J Med 1986;80:3–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolffenbuttel BH, Landgraf R. A 1-year multicenter randomized double-blind comparison of repaglinide and glyburide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Dutch and German Repaglinide Study Group. Diabetes Care 1999;22:463–467.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wright A, Burden AC, Paisey RB, Cull CA, Holman RR. Sulfonylurea inadequacy: efficacy of addition of insulin over 6 years in patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 57). Diabetes Care 2002;25:330–336.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WulffeleMG, Kooy A, Lehert P, Bets D, Ogterop JC, Van der Borger BB, et al. Combination of insulin and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:2133–2140.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WulffeleMG, Kooy A, De Zeeuw D, Stehouwer CD, Gansevoort RT. The effect of metformin on blood pressure, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. J Intern Med 2004;256:1–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • WulffeleMG, Kooy A, Lehert P, Bets D, Donker AJ, Stehouwer CD. Does metformin decrease blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes intensively treated with insulin? Diabet Med 2005;22:907–913.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yki-Jarvinen H, Ryysy L, Nikkila K,Tulokas T, Vanamo R, Heikkila M. Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:389–396.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yki-Jarvinen H, Dressler A, Ziemen M. Less nocturnal hypoglycemia and better post-dinner glucose control with bedtime insulin glargine compared with bedtimeNPHinsulin during insulin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes.HOE 901/3002 Study Group. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1130–1136.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yki-Jarvinen H. Combination therapies with insulin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2001;24:758–767.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yki-Jarvinen H. Thiazolidinediones. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1106–1118.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 2001;414:782–787.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ZonMw. Sunset onderzoek. http://www.zonmw.nl, geraadpleegd juni 2005.

Download references

Authors
  1. G E H M Rutten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W J C De Grauw
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. G Nijpels
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A N Goudswaard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. P J M Uitewaal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. F E E Van der Does
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. R J Heine
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. E Van Ballegooie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. M M Verduijn
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. M Bouma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Tj. Wiersma F. S. Boukes R. M. M. Geijer A. N. Goudswaard

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Bohn Stafeu van Loghum

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rutten, G.E.H.M. et al. (2009). NHG-Standaard Diabetes mellitus type 2. In: Wiersma, T., Boukes, F.S., Geijer, R.M.M., Goudswaard, A.N. (eds) NHG-Standaarden 2009. Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6614-9_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6614-9_8

  • Publisher Name: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, Houten

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-313-5283-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-90-313-6614-9

  • eBook Packages: Dutch language eBook collection

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation