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Embryogenesis in Ornamental Monocots: Plant Growth Regulators as Signalling Element

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Somatic Embryogenesis in Ornamentals and Its Applications

Abstract

The process of in vitro embryogenesis has several basic and applied applications especially in fast and mass propagation of elite ornamental germplasm. In this chapter, somatic embryogenesis is described in two important ornamental plants. The select plants Gladiolus and Caladium are the monocot genera, belonging to the family Iridaceae and Araceae in which in vitro embryogenesis were investigated. Indirect somatic embryo formation was noticed in both the plants on tuber/rhizome callus. Although the synthetic auxin 2,4-D is a good signalling element in inducing embryos, the amendment of NAA and BAP improved embryogenesis and embryo numbers. The single use of BAP (0.5–1.0 mg/) was also effective in triggering embryogenesis; the embryo number was, however, low. The signalling and molecular role of auxin, cytokinin, GA3 and ABA in regulating somatic embryogenesis is briefly summarised. The origin, embryo structure and development are very similar, so was the requirement of plant growth regulator (PGR). The embryo structure and development was investigated morphologically, by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and is presented. The addition of 0.5 mg/l GA3 was noted to be very efficient in promoting embryo maturity; the influence of ABA in embryo maturation is also discussed. The technique of making synthetic seed in C. bicolor was made and is described briefly. The regenerative medium for obtaining plants from synthetic seeds was identified after storage at low temperatures (0 and 4 °C). The somatic embryos/synthetic seeds germinated into plantlets on 0.5 mg/l BAP-added medium and the regenerated plants are very similar to the mother plants. This and similar in vitro embryogenesis studies may help in building phylogenetic tree of near or distantly related taxonomic plants/plant groups.

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Acknowledgement

The first author is thankful to the Department of Botany, Hamdard University (Jamia Hamdard), for getting various facilities. The first author acknowledges present and past research students’ help.

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  1. Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section, Department of Botany, Hamdard University, New Delhi, 110062, India

    A. Mujib, Muzamil Ali, Dipti Tonk, Tasiu Isah & Nadia Zafar

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  1. A. Mujib
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  2. Muzamil Ali
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    A. Mujib

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Mujib, A., Ali, M., Tonk, D., Isah, T., Zafar, N. (2016). Embryogenesis in Ornamental Monocots: Plant Growth Regulators as Signalling Element. In: Mujib, A. (eds) Somatic Embryogenesis in Ornamentals and Its Applications. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2683-3_12

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