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Genetic Engineering Strategies for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

  • Chapter
Plant Biology and Biotechnology

Abstract

Crop plants are affected by a variety of abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, and oxidative stress and cause a significant yield loss (more than 50 %). In the near future, these abiotic stresses might increase because of global climate change. Abiotic stresses lead to dehydration or osmotic stress through reduced availability of water for vital cellular functions and maintenance of turgor pressure and also result in high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plants are evolved with various mechanisms such as changes in cellular and metabolic processes to cope with the stress condition. Recent developments in molecular genetics have contributed greatly to our understanding of the biochemical and genetic basis of abiotic stress tolerance. This has led to the development of abiotic stress-tolerant plants with yield advantage by modulation of the expression of the genes that encode for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants (e.g., proline, sugars, sugar alcohol, glycine betaine, and polyamines), antioxidant enzymes, protective proteins (e.g., LEAs and HSPs), transporters, regulatory proteins, kinases, and transcription factors. More recently, posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulation mechanisms of the abiotic stress response, like microRNAs and ubiquitination, appear as promising new modulation targets to develop abiotic stress-tolerant plants and contribute to the development of more productive crops to feed the growing mass.

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Acknowledgments

R.A. acknowledges support from the Ramón y Cajal Program (RYC-2011-07847) of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) and the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (DISEASENVIRON, PCIG10-GA-2011-303568) of the European Union. Research has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (BIO2011-29683 and CSD2007-00036) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (SGR2009-1060).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Av Vicent Andres Estellés s/n, València, Burjassot, 46100, Spain

    Francisco Marco

  2. Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Phenotypic Plasticity, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 12 Rue du Général Zimmer, Strasbourg, 67084, France

    Marta Bitrián

  3. Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, València, Burjassot, 46100, Spain

    Pedro Carrasco

  4. Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India

    Manchikatla Venkat Rajam

  5. Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona, 08028, Spain

    Rubén Alcázar & Antonio F. Tiburcio

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  1. Francisco Marco
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  2. Marta Bitrián
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  3. Pedro Carrasco
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  4. Manchikatla Venkat Rajam
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  5. Rubén Alcázar
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  6. Antonio F. Tiburcio
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Correspondence to Antonio F. Tiburcio .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sri Biotech Laboratories India Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Bir Bahadur

  2. Department of Genetics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Manchikatla Venkat Rajam

  3. Division of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    Leela Sahijram

  4. Center for Pharmaceutics, Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Science and Technology (IHST), Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    K. V. Krishnamurthy

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Marco, F., Bitrián, M., Carrasco, P., Rajam, M.V., Alcázar, R., Tiburcio, A.F. (2015). Genetic Engineering Strategies for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. In: Bahadur, B., Venkat Rajam, M., Sahijram, L., Krishnamurthy, K. (eds) Plant Biology and Biotechnology. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2283-5_29

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