Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Endolichenic Fungi in Kumaun Himalaya: A Case Study

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Recent Advances in Lichenology

Abstract

Endolichenic fungi represent an important ecological group of species that form associations with lichens, and to extend the knowledge of their diversity within macrolichens, we isolated and identified the endolichenic fungi from some healthy macrolichens of Kumaun Himalaya. The main goal of the research presented here was to examine the diversity and taxonomic composition of the endolichenic fungal community of 14 macrolichen species in Kumaun Himalaya. Identification of fungal isolates was mainly done morphologically. The majority of endolichenic fungi belonged to Hyphomycetes, and the lowest were obtained from Zygomycetes. A total of 10 species are reported as true endolichenic fungi. Species reported in the present paper as true endolichenic fungi were previously reported as decomposers, potential pathogens, biological control agents, and secondary metabolite producers, reflecting an interesting functional diversity and new host. This study will encourage further studies regarding endolichenic fungi including biotechnological aspects and bioprospection of endolichenic fungi. In this study, we enlighten the areas in endolichenic fungi in need of further study. We hope by calling attention to the largely unexplored biodiversity of endolichenic fungi, investigators will take up the study of these fascinating organisms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alexopoulous CJ, Mims CW, Blackwell M (1996) Introductory Mycology. Willey, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnold AE (2007) Understanding the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi, progress, challenges, and frontiers. Fungal Biol Rev 21:51–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold AE, Miadilkowska J, Higgins KL, Sarvate SD, Gugger P, Way A, Hofstter V, Kauff F, Lutzoni F (2009) A phylogenetic estimation of trophic transition networks for ascomycetous fungi: are lichens cradles of symbiotrophic fungal diversification? Syst Biol 58:283–297

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Atsatt PR (1988) Are vascular plants inside-out lichens? Ecology 69:17–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atsatt PR (1991) Fungi and the origin of land plants. In: Margulis L, Fester R (eds) Symbiosis as a source of evolutionary innovation: speciation and morphogenesis. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 301–315

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnett HL, Hunter BH (1972) Illustrated Genera of imperfect fungi, 3rd edn. Burgess Publishing Co., Minneapolis, p 234

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayman BP, Lebron LL, Tremblay RL, Lodge DJ (1997) Variation in endophytic fungi from roots and leaves of lepanthes (orchidaceae). New Phytol 135:143–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Berbee ML (2001) The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 59:165–187

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bills GF, Polishook JD (1991) Microfungi from Carpinus caroliana. Can J Bot 69:1477–1482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bissegger M, Sieber TN (1994) Assemblages of endophytic fungi in coppice shoots of Castanea sativa. Mycologia 86:648–655

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boullard B (1988) Observations of the coevolution of fungi with hepatics. In: Pirozynski KA, Hawksworth DL (eds) Coevolution of fungi with plants and animals. Academic Press, London, UK, pp 107–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Carroll GC (1995) Forest endophytes: pattern and process. Can J Bot 73(Suppl. 1):S1316–S1324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhry PN (2000) Manual on identification of plant pathogenic and biocontrol fungi of agricultural importance. IARI, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Cubit JD (1974) Interactions of seasonally changing physical factors and grazing affecting high intertidal communities on a rocky shore. PhD dissertation, Universityu of Oregon

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis EC, Franklin JB, Shaw AJ, Vilgalys R (2003) Endophytic xylaria (xylariaceae) among liverworts and angiosperms: phylogenetics, distribution and symbiosis. Am J Bot 90:1661–1667

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhargalkar S, Bhat DJ (2009) Echinosphaeria pteridis sp. nov. and its Vermiculariopsiella anamorph. Mycotaxon 108:115–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Dreyfuss MM, Chapela IH (1994) Potential of fungi in the discovery of novel, low-molecular weight pharmaceuticals. In: Gullao VP (ed) The Discovery of natural products with therapeutic potential. Butterworth-Heinemann, London, pp 49–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis MB (1971) Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. CABI Publications, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, p 608

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellis MB (1976) More dematiaceous hyphomycetes. CABI Publications, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, p 507

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher PJ (1996) Survival and spread of endophyte Stagonospora pteridocola in Pteridium aquilinum, other ferns and some flowering plants. New Phytol 132:119–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frohlich J, Hyde KD (1999) Biodiversity of palm fungi in the tropics: are global fungal diversity estimates realistic? Biodivers Conserv 8:977–1004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilman JC (1967) Manual of soil fungi. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, p 450

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawksworth DL (1988) The variety of fungal-algal symbioses, their evolutionary significance, and the nature of lichens. Bot J Linn Soc 96:3–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawksworth DL (1991) The fungal dimension of biodiversity: magnitude, significance, and conservation. Mycol Res 95:641–655

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawksworth DL, Hill DJ (1984) The lichen-forming fungi. Blackie, Glasgow

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hawksworth DL, Rossman AY (1997) Where are all the undescribed fungi? Phytopathology 87:888–891

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heckman DS, Geiser DM, Eidell BR, Stauffer RL, Kardos NL, Hedges SB (2001) Molecular evidence for the early colonization of land by fungi and plants. Science 293:1129–1133

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kannangara BTSDP, Rajapaksha, RSCG, Paranagama PA (2009) Nature and bioactivities of endolichenic fungi in Pseudocyphellaria sp., Parmotrema sp. and Usnea sp. at Hakgala montane forest in Sri Lanka. Lett Appl Microbiol 48:203–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Krings M, Taylor TN, Hass H, Kerp H, Dotzler N, Hermsen EJ (2007) Fungal endophytes in a 400-million-yrold land plant, infection pathways, spatial distribution, and host responses. New Phytol 174:648–657

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrey JD, Diederich P (2003) Lichenicolous fungi: interactions, evolution and biodiversity. Bryologist 106:80–120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li WC, Zhou J, Guo SY, Guo LD (2007) Endophytic fungi associated with lichens in Baihua mountain of Beijing, China. Fungal Diversity 25:69–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Lutzoni FL, Pagel M, Reeb V (2001) Major fungal lineages are derived from lichen symbiotic ancestors. Nature 411:937–940

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miadlikowska A, Arnold A, Lutzoni F (2004) Diversity of cryptic fungi inhabiting healthy lichen thalli in a temperate and tropical forest. Ecol Soc Am Annu Meet 89:349–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrini LE (1992) Rosellinia species of the temperate zones. Sydowia 44:169–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrini O (1986) Taxonomy of endophytic fungi of aerial plant tissues. In: Fokkema NJ, van den Huevel J (eds) Microbiology of the phyllosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 175–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrini O, Carroll GC (1981) Endophytic fungi in foliage of some cupressaceae in oregon. Can J Bot 59:629–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues KF, Leuchtmann A, Petrini O (1993) Endophytes species of Xylaria, cultural and isozymic studies. Sidowia 45:116–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigues KF, Samuels GJ (1994) Letendraeposis palmarum, a new genus and species of loculascomycetes. Mycologia 86:254–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez Márquez S, Bills GF, Zabalgogeazcoa I (2007) The endophytic mycobiota of the grass Dactylis glomerata. Fungal Divers 27:171–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Santamaria J, Bayman P (2005) Fungal epiphytes and endophytes of coffee leaves (Coffea arabica). Microbial Ecol 50:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz B, Wanke U, Draeger S, Aust HJ (1993) Endophytes from herbaceous plants and shrubs-effectiveness of surface sterilization methods. Mycol Res 97:1447–1450

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selosse MA, Le Tacon F (1998) The land flora: a phototroph-fungus partnership? Trends Ecol Evol 13:15–20

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stone JK, Bacon CW, White JF Jr (2000) An overview of the endophytic microbes: endophytism defined. In: Bacon CW, White JF (eds) Microbial endophytes. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 3–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Subramaniam CV (1971) Hyphomycetes: an account of Indian species except Cercosporae. ICAR, p 930

    Google Scholar 

  • Suryanarayanan TS, Thirunavukkarasu N, Hariharan GN, Balaji P (2005) Occurrence of non-obligate microfungi inside lichen thalli. Sydowia 57:120–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton BC (1980) The Coelomycetes: fungi imperfecti with pycnidia, acervuli and stromata. CABI Publications, Commonwealth Mycological Institute, p 696

    Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi M, Gupta RC, Joshi Y (2014a) Spegazzinia tessarthra isolated as a true endophyte from lichen Heterodermia flabellata. Indian Phytopathol 67(1):109–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi M, Gupta RC, Joshi Y (2014b) Physcia dilatata Nyl. (lichenized fungi, Physciaceae); a new host of Bipolaris australiensis (M.B. Ellis) Tsuda and Ueyama from Kumaun Himalaya, India. Proc Nat Acad Sci Lett 37(5):477–479

    Google Scholar 

  • Tripathi M, Joshi Y, Gupta RC (2014c) Assessment of endolichenic fungal diversity in some forests of Kumaun Himalaya. Curr Sci 107(5):745–748

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

Authors would like to thank University Grants Commission [File No. 41-488/2012 (SR)] for the financial assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lichenology Division, Department of Botany, Kumaun University, S.S.J. Campus, Almora, 263601, Uttarakhand, India

    Manish Tripathi & Yogesh Joshi

Authors
  1. Manish Tripathi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yogesh Joshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yogesh Joshi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Dalip Kumar Upreti

  2. Departmento de Biologia Vegetal II Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Pradeep K. Divakar

  3. Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Vertika Shukla

  4. Lichenology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rajesh Bajpai

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer India

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tripathi, M., Joshi, Y. (2015). Endolichenic Fungi in Kumaun Himalaya: A Case Study. In: Upreti, D., Divakar, P., Shukla, V., Bajpai, R. (eds) Recent Advances in Lichenology. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2235-4_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation