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Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP)–Producing Dinoflagellate and PSP-Infested Organisms

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Marine Protists

Abstract

Paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) is produced by numerous microalgae species, mainly toxic marine dinoflagellates species of the genera Alexandrium, Gymnodinium, and Pyrodinium, and is accumulated in many species of filter-feeding organisms such as bivalve mollusks through the food chain. Besides these toxic dinoflagellates, certain freshwater cyanobacteria such as Anabaena circinarlis and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae also produce PSP. PSP is transferred and bioaccumulates throughout aquatic food webs, and can be vectored to terrestrial biota. Fishery closures and food poisoning due to PSP have been documented in several vectors. Traditionally, only filter-feeding mollusks that concentrate these toxic algae are considered in monitoring programs for PSP; however, increasing attention is being paid to higher-order predators. Besides commercially important bivalves, other PSP-bearing organisms such as carnivorous gastropods and crustaceans have been reported. From the food hygiene point of view, it is important to summarize the role of marine organisms as vectors of PSP and discuss the need for surveillance to protect public health and ensure the quality of seafood. This chapter shows several case studies pertaining to management actions to prevent food-poisoning incidents by PSP accumulation in filter-feeding (traditional) and non-filter-feeding (non-traditional) vectors of PSP.

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Acknowledgments

The authors express sincere thanks to Prof. O. Arakawa, Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, for his critical reading of our manuscript and helpful advice. This work was partly supported by a JSPS-DOST Core University Program in Fisheries Sciences and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan

    Manabu Asakawa

  2. College of Fisheries Technology, Cebu Technological University-Carmen, Cebu Campus, 6005, Cebu, Philippines

    Gloria Gomez-Delan

  3. College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao 5023, Iloilo, Philippines

    Mercy Barte-Quilantang

  4. National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, Maruishi 2-17-5, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, 739-0452, Japan

    Katsutoshi Ito

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  4. Katsutoshi Ito
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Correspondence to Manabu Asakawa .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Takehara Marine Science Station, Setouchi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Takehara, Hiroshima, Japan

    Susumu Ohtsuka

  2. Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan

    Toshinobu Suzaki

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Takeo Horiguchi

  4. Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

    Noritoshi Suzuki

  5. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifi que – CNRS, University Pierre and Marie Curie – UPMC Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France

    Fabrice Not

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Asakawa, M., Gomez-Delan, G., Barte-Quilantang, M., Ito, K. (2015). Paralytic Shellfish Poison (PSP)–Producing Dinoflagellate and PSP-Infested Organisms. In: Ohtsuka, S., Suzaki, T., Horiguchi, T., Suzuki, N., Not, F. (eds) Marine Protists. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55130-0_24

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