Abstract
The endemic land snails, genus Mandarina of the Ogasawara Islands, have diversified into arboreal, semi-arboreal and ground ecotypes. Shell morphologies of Mandarina species have a clear relationship with their respective ecotypes. In addition, marked geographical variations in morphology and genes are found within species. Phylogenetic relationships based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences suggests that Mandarina evolved from Euhadra, a genus distributed on the mainland of Japan. The inferred phylogeny suggests that similar morphologies and ecotypes appeared independently and rapidly in different lineages and islands at different times. This rapid evolution produced some incongruities among phylogenetic relationships, morphology, species taxonomy, and the level of reproductive isolation. Interspecific hybridization occurs between sympatric species due to environmental change, resulting in an admixture of genetic and morphological characteristics. These findings reveal the importance of Mandarina as a model system for evolutionary study. However, a predatory land snail and flatworm have recently been introduced into the Ogasawaras. These predators may rapidly cause the extinction of Mandarina, and thus, a conservation program is needed for Mandarina. In the conservation program for Mandarina, species taxonomy should not be used as a criterion for selection of populations for captive breeding because of incongruence among the phylogeny, morphology, ecology, species taxonomy and reproductive isolation. In addition, the danger of interspecific hybridization should be considered when captive-bred snails are reintroduced into restored or secure habitat.
Reprinted from Chiba S (2003) Global Environmental Research 7:29–37, with permission of the Association of International Research Initiatives for Environmental Studies. Figure 3 and Figure 7 were modified from the originals
(Received on 20 March 2003, Accepted on 4 July 2003)
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References (J: in Japanese)
Arnold, M. L. (1997) Natural Hybridization and Evolution, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Byrne, M. and M. J. Anderson (1994) Hybridization of sympatric Patiriella species (Echinodermata: Asteroida) in New South Wales. Evolution, 48:564–576.
Carson, H. L. and K. Y. Kaneshiro (1976) Drosophila of Hawaii: systematics and ecological genetics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 7:311–345.
Chiba, S. (1993) Modern and historical evidence for natural hybridization between sympatric species in Mandarina (Pulmonata: Camaenidae). Evolution, 47:1539–1556.
Chiba, S. (1996) Ecological and morphological diversification and character displacement in Mandarina, an endemic land snail of the Bonin Islands. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 9:277–291.
Chiba, S. (1997) Novel color polymorphisms in a hybrid zone of Mandarina (Pulmonata). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 61:369–389.
Chiba, S. (1998) Genetic variation derived from natural gene flow between sympatric species of land snails. Heredity, 80:617–623.
Chiba, S. (1999a) Accelerated evolution of land snails Mandarina in the oceanic Bonin Islands: evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Evolution, 53:460–471.
Chiba, S. (1999b) Character displacement, frequency-dependent selection, and divergence of shell colour in land snails Mandarina. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 66:465–479.
Clarke, B. C, J. J. Murray and M. S. Johnson (1984) The extinction of endemic species by a program of biological control. Pacific Science, 38:97–104.
Clarke, B. C, J. J. Murray and M. S. Johnson (1998) How molecular leakage can mislead us about island speciation. In: P. R. Grant, ed., Evolution on Islands, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 181–195.
Dowling, T. E. and B. D. Demarais (1993) Evolutionary significance of introgressive hybridization in cyprinid fishes. Nature, 362:444–446.
Emura, S. (1943) On the systematic position of the genera Mandarina and Dolicheulota. Venus, 13:34–38. (J)
Falniowsyi, A., A. Kozik and M. Szarowska (1993) Two common European viviparid species hybridize. American Malacological Bulletin, 10:161–164.
Freed, L. A., S. Conant and R. C. Fleischer (1987) Evolutionary ecology and radiation of Hawaiian passerine birds. TREE, 2:196–203.
Grant, P. R. (1986) Ecology and Evolution of Darwin's Finches. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Grant, P. R. and B. R. Grant (1992) Hybridization of bird species. Science, 256:193–197.
Griffiths, O., A. Cook and S. M. Wells (1993) The diet of the introduced carnivorous snail Euglandina rosea in Mauritius and its implications for threatened island gastropod faunas. Journal of Zoology, 229:79–89.
Habe, T. (1969) Mollusca in the Bonin Islands. Iden, 23:19–25. (J)
Hadfield, M. G (2000) A mitochondrial phylogeny of extant Hawaiian tree snails (Achatinellinae). Molecular Phylo-genetics and Evolution, 16:263–270.
Hadfield, M. G (1986) Extinction in Hawaiian achatinelline snails. Malacologia, 27:67–81.
Harrison, R. G and J. Arnold (1982) A narrow hybrid zone between closely related cricket species. Evolution, 36:535–552.
Hayashi, M. and S. Chiba (2000) Intraspecific diversity of mitochondrial DNA in the land snail Euhadra peliomphala (Bradybaenidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 70:391–401.
Hillis, D. M. (1988) Systematics of the Rana pipiens complex: Puzzle and paradigm. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 19:39–63.
Johnson, M. S., B. Clarke and J. Murray (1977) Genetic variation and reproductive isolation in Partura. Evolution, 31:116–126.
Johnson, M. S., J. Murray and B. Clarke (1993) The ecological genetics and adaptive radiation of Par tula on Moorea. In: D. Futuyma and J. Antonovics, eds., Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, 9. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 167–238.
Kawakatsu, M., I. Okochi, H. Sato, T. Ohbayashi, K. Kitagawa and K. Totani (1999) A preliminary report on land planarians (Turbellaria, Seriata, Tricladida, Terricola) and land Nemertine (Enopla, Hoplonemertea, Monostylifera) from the Ogasawara Islands. Occ.Publ, Biol. Lab. Fuji Women's College, Sapporo (Hokkaido), Japan, (32): 1–8.
Kurozumi, T. (1988) Species composition and abundance of land mollusks and factors affecting their extinction in the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands. Ogasawara Research, 15:59–109. (In Japanese with English summary)
Lack, D. (1947) Darwin's Finches. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
McDonnell, L. J., D. F. Gartside and M. J. Littlejohn (1978) Analysis of a narrow hybrid zone between two species of Pseudophryne (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in south-eastern Australia. Evolution, 32:602–612.
Minato, H. (1978) Speciation of the genus Mandarina from the Bonin Islands (Pulmonata, Camaenidae). Mem. Natn. Sei. Mus. Tokyo, 11:37–51. (In Japanese with English summary)
Murray, J., M. S. Johnson and B. C. Clarke (1982) Microhabitat differences among genetically similar species of Partula. Evolution, 36:316–325.
Murray, J., E. Murray, M. S. Johnson, and B. C. Clarke (1988) The extinction of Partula on Moorea. Pacific Science, 42:150–153.
Okouchi, I., T. Satou and T. Oubayashi (1999) Does a flatworm cause extinction of land snails in Ogasawra? Proceedings of the 46s meeting of Japanese Society of Ecology, p.250. (J)
Pearce-Kelly, P., G Mace and G Clarke (1995) The release of captive bred snails (Partula taeniatd) into a semi-natural environment. Biodiversity and Conservation, 4:645–663.
Schliewen, U. K., D. Tautz, and S. Paabo (1994) Sympatric speciation suggested by monophyly of creater lake cichlids. Nature, 368:629–632.
Schluter, D. (1988) The evolution of finch communities on islands and continents: Kenya vs Galapagos. Ecological Monograph, 58:229–259.
Schluter, D. (2000) The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Teshima, H., A. Davison, Y. Kuwahara, J. Yokoyama, S. Chiba, T. Fukuda, H. Ogimura and M. Kawata (2003) The evolution of extreme shell shape variation in the land snail Ainohelix editha: a phylogeny and hybrid zone analysis. Molecular Ecology, (in press)
Thomaz,D., A. Guiller and B. Clarke (1996) Extreme divergence of mitochondrial DNA within species of pulmonate land snails. Proceedings of Royal Society of London B, 263:363–368.
Tomiyama, K. (1994) Extinction and conservation of land snails in the Ogasawara Islands: Factors for extinctions of land snails in the Ogasawara Islands. Venus, 53:152–156. (In Japanese with English summary)
Tomiyama, K. (2002) Land snails in Ogasawara: endangered endemic species of oceanic islands and factors of their extinction. Shinrin-Kagaku, 34:25–28. (J).
Watanabe, Y and S. Chiba (2001) High within-population mitochondrial DNA variation due to microvicariance and population mixing in the land snail Euhadra quaesita (Pulmonata, Bradybaenidae). Molecular Ecology, 10:2635–2645.
Wells, S. M. (1995) The extinction of endemic snails (genus Partula) in French Polynesia: is captive breeding the only solution? In E. Alison Kay, ed., The Conservation Biology of Molluscs. IUCN Species Survival Commission, World Conservation Union, pp. 25–28.
Acknowledgments
I express my sincere thanks to K. Tomiyama, A. Davison, I. Okouchi, T. Oubayashi, I. Hayami and K. Tanabe for helpful advice and assistance. This study was supported by grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Nippon Life Insurance Foundation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chiba, S. (2010). Species Diversity and Conservation of Mandarina, an Endemic Land Snail of the Ogasawara Islands. In: Kawakami, K., Okochi, I. (eds) Restoring the Oceanic Island Ecosystem. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53859-2_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53859-2_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo
Print ISBN: 978-4-431-53858-5
Online ISBN: 978-4-431-53859-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)