Abstract
Tsunami deposits provide a basis for reconstructing Holocene histories of great earthquakes and tsunamis on the Pacific Coast of southwest Japan. The deposits have been found in the past 15 years at lakes, lagoons, outcrops, and archaeological excavations. The inferred tsunami histories span 3000 years for the Nankai and Suruga Troughs and nearly 10,000 years for the Sagami Trough. The inferred histories contain recurrence intervals of variable length. The shortest of these −100–200 years for the Nankai Trough, 150–300 years for the Sagami Trough — resemble those known from written history of the past 1000–1500 years. Longer intervals inferred from the tsunami deposits probably reflect variability in rupture mode, incompleteness of geologic records, and insufficient research. The region’s tsunami history could be clarified by improving the geologic distinction between tsunami and storm, dating the inferred tsunamis more accurately and precisely, and using the deposits to help quantify the source areas and sizes of the parent earthquakes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asai, D., Imamura, F., Shuto, N., and Takahashi, T. (1998), Wave hight and sediment transportation of the Ansei Tokai Earthquake at Iruma, Izu Peninsula, Proc. Coastal Engin. JSCE 45, 371–375 (in Japanese).
Bourgeois, J. and Minoura, K., Paleotsunami studies contribution to mitigation and risk assessment. In Tsunami Mitigation and Risk Assessment, Report of the International Workshop, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia, 1996, (ed. Gusiakov, V. K., 1997) 14 p.
Dawson, A.G., Long, D., and Smith, D.E. (1988), The Storegga Slides: Evidence from eastern Scotland for a possible tsunami, Marine Geology 82, 271–276.
Fujiwara, O., Sedimentological and paleontological characteristics of tsunami deposits. In Earthquakeinduced Event Deposits—From Deep Sea to on Land, Memoir of Geological Society of Japan, no. 58 (Fujiwara, O., Ikehara, K., and Nanayama, F. Eds.) (Geological Society of Japan, Tokyo 2004) pp. 35–44 (in Japanese).
Fujiwara, O., Hirakawa, K., Irizuki, T., Kamataki, T., Uchida, J., Abe, K., Hasegawa, S., Takada, K., and Haraguchi, T. (2005a), Depositional structures of Historical Kanto Earthquake Tsunami Deposits from SW coast of Boso Peninsula, Central Japan, Japan Earth and Planetary Science Joint Meeting 2005, Abstracts, J027–P023 (in Japanese).
Fujiwara, O., Hirakawa, K., Kaneko, H., Sugiyama, H., and Takada, K. (2005b), Tsunami (?) event deposits discovered from the Usami Ruins in northern Ito City, shizuoka Prefecture, Japan Association for Quaternary Research, 2005 Annual Meeting, Abstract 35, pp. 32–33 (in Japanese).
Fujiwara, O., Ikehara, K., and Nanayama, F., Earthquake-induced event deposits: Importance and direction of future researches in relation to disaster mitigation. In Earthquake-induced Event Deposits—From Deep Sea to on Land, Memoir of Geological Society of Japan, no. 58 (eds. Fujiwara, O., Ikehara, K., and Nanayama, F.) (Geological Society of Japan, Tokyo 2004) pp. 1–10 (in Japanese).
Fujiwara, O. and Kamataki, T. (2003), Tsunami depositional sequence model in bay sediments and tsunami potential of northeastern part of the Philippine Sea Plate, Hokudan Internat. Symp. Active Faulting Conf. 2003, Abstract (in Japanese).
Fujiwara, O., Kamataki, T., and Fuse, K. (2003a), Genesis of mixed molluscan assemblages in the tsunami deposits distributed in Holocene drowned valleys on the southern Kanto Region, East Japan, The Quat. Res. 42, 389–412 (in Japanese).
Fujiwara, O., Kamataki, T., and Tamura, T. (2003b), Grain-size distribution of tsunami deposits reflecting the tsunami waveform: An example from a Holocene drowned valley on the southern Boso Peninsula, East Japan, The Quat. Res. 42, 67–81 (in Japanese).
Fujiwara. O., Kamataki, T., Hirakawa, K., Irizuki, T., Uchida, J., Abe, K., and Hasegawa, S. (2005c), Tsunami waveform of the AD1703 Kanto earthquake reconstructed from the deposit, 2005 AGU Fall Meeting Program and Abstracts, T11A–0351.
Fujiwara, O., Masuda, F., Sakai, T., Fuse, K., and Saito, A. (1997), Tsunami deposits in Holocene bay-floor muds and the uplift history of the Boso and Miura Peninsulas, The Quat. Res. 36, 73–86 (in Japanese).
Fujiwara, O., Masuda, F., Sakai, T., Irizuki, T., and Fuse, K. (1999a), Holocene tsunami deposits detected by drilling in drowned valleys of the Boso and Miura Peninsulas, The Quat. Res. 38, 41–58 (in Japanese).
Fujiwara, O., Masuda, F., Sakai, T., Irizuki, T., and Fuse, K. (1999b), Bay-floor deposits formed by great earthquakes during the past 1,000 yrs, near the Sagami Trough, Japan, The Quat. Res. 38, 489–501 (in Japanese).
Fujiwara, O., Masuda, F., Sakai, T., Irizuki, T., and Fuse, K. (2000), Tsunami deposits in Holocene bay mud in southern Kanto region, Pacific coast of central Japan, Sedimentary Geol. 135, 219–230.
Hirose, K., Goto, T., Mitamura, M., Okahashi, H., and Yoshikawa, S. (2002), Environmental change revealed by event deposits discovered from swamp deposits in Osatsu, Toba City, central Japan, The Earth Monthly 24, 692–697 (in Japanese).
Irizuki, T., Fujiwara, O., and Fuse, K., Taphonomy of fossil ostracode assemblages in Holocene deposits on the Miura Peninsula, central Japan. In Taphonomy and Sedimentary Process, Memoir of Geological Society of Japan, no. 54 (eds. Ogasawara, K. and Kondo, Y.) (Geological Society of Japan, Tokyo 1999) pp. 99–116 (in Japanese).
Komatsubara, J., Fujiwara, O., and Kamataki, T. (2005), Map of tsunami deposits along Nankai and Sagami Troughs, Japan, AGU Fall Meeting, T11A–0352.
Komatsubara, J., Fujiwara, O., and Kamataki, T. (2006), Tsunami deposits along the Nankai, Suruga and Sagami Troughs, Historical Earthquakes 21, 93–109 (in Japanese).
Kumagai, H. (1999), Tsunami deposits of large earthquakes along the Nankai Trough: Investigation around Hamana Lake in central Japan, J. Geography 108, 424–432 (in Japanese).
Mitamura, M., Okahashi, H., Hirose, K., Yoshikawa, S., Uchiyama, M., Nakamura, T., and Haraguchi, T. (2001), Event deposit and 14 C age preserved in coastal marsh in Osatsu, Toba, central Japan, Proc. 11th Symp. Geo-Environm. Geo-Tech. 321–326 (in Japanese).
Nanayama, F., Kaga, A., Kinoshita, H., Yokoyama, Y., Satake, K., Nakata, T., Sugiyama, Y., and Tsukuda, E. (2002), Tsunami traces discovered in Tomogashima Island, Kitan Strait, central Japan, Kaiyo Month. Symp. 123–131 (in Japanese).
Nanayama, F. and Shigeno, K., An overview of onshore tsunami deposits in coastal lowland and our sedimentological criteria to recognize them. In Earthquake-induced Event Deposits—From Deep Sea to on Land, Memoir of Geological Society of Japan, no. 58 (eds. Fujiwara, O., Ikehara, K., and Nanayama, F.) (Geological Society of Japan, Tokyo 2004) pp. 19–33 (in Japanese).
Nishinaka, H., Kumagai, H., Okuda, Y., Torii, T., Takano, M., and Nakamura, T. (1996), Search for paleoearthquakes along the eastern Nankai trough by the use of tsunami deposits, Summaries of Research Using AMS at Nagoya University, 193–212 (in Japanese).
Okahashi, H., Akimoto, K., Mitamura, M., Hirose, K., Yasuhara, M., and Yoshikawa, S. (2002), Event deposits preserved in coastal marsh at Osatsu, Toba, central Japan: Recognition of tsunami deposit on the basis of foraminifera analysis, Chikyu Monthly, 698–703 (in Japanese).
Okahashi, H., Yasuhara, M., Mitamura, M., Hirose, K., and Yoshikawa, S. (2005), Event deposits associated with tsunamis and their sedimentary structure in Holocene marsh deposits on the east coast of the Shima Peninsula, central Japan, J. Geosci. Osaka City University 48, 143–158.
Okahashi, H., Yoshikawa, S., Mitamura, M., Hyodo, M., Uchiyama, T., Uchiyama, M., and Haraguchi, T. (2001), Tsunami deposits of Tokai earthquakes preserved in a coastal marsh sequence at Osatsu, Toba, central Japan, and their magnetochronological dates, The Quat. Res. 40, 193–202 (in Japanese).
Okamura, M., Kurimoto, T., and Matsuoka, H. (1997), Coastal and lake deposits as a monitor, Chikyu Monthly 19, 469–473 (in Japanese).
Okamura, M., Matsuoka, H., Tsukuda, E., and Tsuji, Y. (2000), Tectonic movements of recent 10000 years and observations of historical tsunamis based on coastal lake deposits, Chikyu Month. Symp. 162–168 (in Japanese).
Okamura, M., Tsuji, Y., and Miyamoto, T. (2003), Seismic activities along Nankai Trough recorded in coastal lake deposits, Kaiyo Monthly 35, 312–314 (in Japanese).
Reimer, P. J. (2004), IntCal04 Terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, 26-0 ka BP., Radiocarbon 46, 1029–1058.
Saito, Y. (1989), Classification of shelf sediments and their sedimentary facies in the storm-dominated shelf: A review, J. Geography 98, 164–179 (in Japanese).
Shishikura, M. (2003), Cycle of interplate earthquake along the Sagami Trough, deduced from tectonic geomorphology, Bull. Earthq. Res. Institute, University of Tokyo 78, 245–254 (in Japanese).
Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P. J. (1993), Extended C-14 data-base and revised Calib 3.0 C-14 age calibration program, Radiocarbon 35, 215–230.
Takada, K., Satake, K., Sangawa, A., Shimokawa, K., Kumagai, H., Goto, K., and Haraguchi, T. (2002), Survey of tsunami deposits at an archaeological site along the eastern Nankai trough, Chikyu Monthly 24, 736–742 (in Japanese).
Tsuji, Y., Okamura, M., Matsuoka, H., Goto, T., and Han, S. S. (2002), Prehistorical and historical tsunami traces in lake floor deposits, Oike Lake, Owase City and Suwaike Lake, Kii-Nagashima City, Mie Prefecture, central Japan, Chikyu Monthly 24, 743–747 (in Japanese).
Tsuji, Y., Okamura, M., Matsuoka, H., and Murakami, Y. (1998), Study of tsunami traces in lake floor sediment of the Lake Hamanako, Historical Earthquake, 101–113 (in Japanese).
Tsukuda, E., Okamura, M., and Matsuoka, H. (1999), Earthquakes of recent 2000 years recorded in geologic strata, Chikyu Monthly Symp. 64–69 (in Japanese).
Uchida, C. (2002), Event deposit in alluvium and its sedimentary environment in relation to paleo-topography in nearby Osuka town, Pacific coast area of Ensyu-nada, Proc. General Meeting of the Assoc. of Japanese Geographers 61, 135 (in Japanese).
Uchida, J., Abe, K., Hasegawa, S., Fujiwara, O., and Kamataki, T., The depositional processes of tsunami deposits based on sorting of foraminiferal tests: A case study of tsunami deposits at Tateyama, southern part of the Boso Peninsula, central Japan. In Earthquake-induced Event Deposits—From Deep Sea to on Land, Memoir of Geological Society of Japan, no. 58 (eds. Fujiwara, O., Ikehara, K., and Nanayama, F.) (Geological Society of Japan, Tokyo 2004) pp. 87–98 (in Japanese).
Usami, T., Materials for Comprehensive List of Destructive Earthquakes in Japan [416]-2001, (Univ. Tokyo Press 2003), 605 pp. (in Japanese).
Watanabe, H., Comprehensive list of tsunamis to hit the Japanese islands (second edit.) (Univ. Tokyo Press 1998), 238 p. (in Japanese).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel
About this paper
Cite this paper
Komatsubara, J., Fujiwara, O. (2007). Overview of Holocene Tsunami Deposits along the Nankai, Suruga, and Sagami Troughs, Southwest Japan. In: Satake, K., Okal, E.A., Borrero, J.C. (eds) Tsunami and Its Hazards in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Pageoph Topical Volumes. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8364-0_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8364-0_12
Received:
Accepted:
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser Basel
Print ISBN: 978-3-7643-8363-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-7643-8364-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)