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Immunomodulation by poxviruses

  • Chapter
Poxviruses

Part of the book series: Birkhäuser Advances in Infectious Diseases ((BAID))

Abstract

Large DNA viruses, such as poxviruses, encode an array of gene products, both secreted and intracellular, that systematically debilitate the various host responses to virus infection. The primary targets of the secreted gene products are members of the inflammatory innate immune system, such as the interferons, tumor necrosis factors, diverse interleukins, complement and the chemokine pathways. Poxvirus-infected cells also maintain a low profile to escape the cell-mediated arm of the adaptive immune response. Virulence factors that mediate this ‘virostealth’ are generally expressed intracellularly and interfere with host signaling processes or antigen presentation. Poxviruses also interfere with the cellular apoptotic response by regulating several key checkpoints within the cell. While many poxvirus virulence factors exhibit some sequence relationship with host proteins, suggesting that these genes may have been acquired from an ancestral host, others show no obvious similarity to any known host genes. Due to the intimate nature of the coevolution with their hosts, poxviral immunomodulators have proved useful in examining diverse aspects of immunology, virology and cell biology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Robarts Research Institute and, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2V4, Canada

    Steven H. Nazarian & Grant McFadden

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  1. Steven H. Nazarian
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  2. Grant McFadden
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  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Otago, 56, 700 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, New Zealand

    Andrew A. Mercer

  2. Faculty of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 50, 58448, Witten, Germany

    Axel Schmidt

  3. BAYER HEALTHCARE AG, Product-related Research, 42096, Wuppertal, Germany

    Olaf Weber

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Nazarian, S.H., McFadden, G. (2007). Immunomodulation by poxviruses. In: Mercer, A.A., Schmidt, A., Weber, O. (eds) Poxviruses. Birkhäuser Advances in Infectious Diseases. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-7557-7_13

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