Skip to main content

Pathogenesis-related Proteins

  • Chapter
Genes Involved in Plant Defense

Part of the book series: Plant Gene Research ((GENE))

Abstract

The survival of higher plants is dependent upon their ability to adapt to stress. Accordingly, plants have evolved to respond to stress by altering their normal patterns of gene expression (Sachs and Ho, 1986) and physiology. Adverse conditions that affect a plant’s homeostasis are caused by environmental factors such as temperature, water, salt, mechanical damage (wounding), chemicals, uv light, and the interaction with pathogenic organism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abu-Jawdah Y. (1982) Changes in soluble protein patterns of bean leaves upon fungal or viral infections or after chemical injury. Phytopathol Z 103: 272–279

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahl P., Gianinazzi S. (1982) b-Protein as a constitutive component in highly (TMV) resistant interspecific hybrids of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana dehneyi. Plant Sci Lett 26: 173–181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahl P., Benjama A., Samson R., Gianinazzi S. (1981) Induction chez le tabac par Pseudomonas syringae de nouvelles protéines (protéines b) associées au développement d’une résistance non spécifique à une deuxiéme infection. Phytopathol Z 102: 201–212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahl P., Cornu A., Gianinazzi S. (1982) Soluble proteins as genetic markers in studies of resistance and phylogeny in Nicotiana. Phytopathology 72: 80–85

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahl P., Gianinazzi S., Samson R., Benjama A. (1985) Cultivar dependence of polyacrylic acid effects on syringae in Nicotiana tabacum. Plant Pathol 34: 221–227

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Albersheim P., Valent B.S. (1978) Host-pathogen interactions in plants. Plants, when exposed to oligosaccharides of fungal origin, defend themselves by accumulating antibiotics. J Cell Biol 78: 627–643

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andebrhan T., Coutts R.H.A., Wagih E.E., Wood R.K.S. (1980) Induced resistance and changes in the soluble protein fraction of cucumber leaves locally infected with Colletotrichum lagenarium or tobacco necrosis virus. Phytopathol Z 98: 47–52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antoniw J.F., White R.F. (1980) The effects of aspirin and polyacrylic acid on soluble leaf proteins and resistance to virus infection in five cultivars of tobacco. Phytopathol Z 98: 331–341

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antoniw J.F., Ritter C.E., Pierpoint W.S., van Loon L.C. (1980) Comparison of three pathogenesis-related proteins from plants of two cultivars of tobacco infected with TMV. J Gen Virol 47: 79–87

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antoniw J.F., White R.F., Barbara D.J., Jones P., Longley A. (1985) The detection of PR (b) protein and TMV by ELISA in systemic and localised virus infections of tobacco. Plant Mol Biol 4: 55–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asselin A., Grenier J., Cô té F. (1985) Light-influenced extracellular accumulation of b (pathogenesis-related) proteins in Nicotiana green tissue induced by various chemicals or prolonged floating on water. Can J Bot 63: 1276–1283

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Awade A., de Tapia M., Didierjean L., Burkard G. (1989) Biological function of be an pathogenesis-related (PR3 and PR4) proteins. Plant Sci 63: 121–130

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benhamou N., Cote F., Grenier J., Asselin A. (1988) Immunocytochemical localization of pathogenesis-related PR-1 proteins in TMv-infected Nicotiana tabacum CV. Xanthi-nc. Can J Plant Pathol 11: 185

    Google Scholar 

  • Benhamou N., Grenier J., Asselin A., Legrand M. (1989) Immunogold localization of β-l,3-glucanase in two plants infected by vascular wilt fungi. Plant Cell 1: 1209–1221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Benhamou N., Mazau D., Esquerré-Tugayé M.-T. (1990) Immunogold localization of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in necrotic tissue of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthinc infected by tobacco mosaic virus. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 36: 129–145

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berridge M.J. (1987) Inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol: two interacting second messengers. Annu Rev Biochem 56: 159–193

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berridge M.J., Irvine R.R. (1984) Inositol trisphosphate, a novel second messenger in cellular signal transduction. Nature 312: 315–321

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berridge M.J., Irvine R.F. (1989) Inositol phosphates and cell signalling. Nature 341: 197–205

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bol J.F. (1988) Structure and expression of plant genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins. In: Verma D.P.S., Goldberg R.B. (eds) Temporal and spatial regulation of plant genes. Springer, Wien New York, pp 201–221 [Dennis E.S. et al (eds) Plant gene research. Basic knowledge and application]

    Google Scholar 

  • Bol J.F., van Kan J.A.L. (1988) The synthesis and possible functions of virus-induced proteins in plants. Microbiol Sci 5: 47–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bohlmann H., Clausen S., Behnke S., Giese H., Hiller C., Reimann-Philipp U., Schrader G., Barkholt V., Apel K. (1988) Leaf-specific thionins of barley—a novel dass of cell wall proteins toxic to plant-pathogenic fungi and possibly involved in the defence mechanism of plants. EMBO J 7: 1559–1565

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boller T. (1985) Induction of hydrolases as a defense reaction against pathogens. In: Key J.L., Kosuge T. (eds) Cellular and molecular biology of plant stress. AR Liss, New York, pp 247–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Boller T. (1987) Hydrolytic enzymes in plant disease resistance. In: Kosuge T., Nester E.W. (eds) Plantmicrobe interactions, molecular and general aspects, vol 2. Macmillan, New York, pp 385–413

    Google Scholar 

  • Boller T., Vögeli U. (1984) Vacuolar localization of ethylene-induced chitinase in bean leaves. Plant Physiol 74: 442–444

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowles D.J. (1990) Defense-related proteins in higher plants. Annu Rev Biochem 59: 873–907

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowles D.J., Pappin D.J. (1988) Traffic and assembly of concanavalin A. Trends Biochem Sci 13:60–66

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryngelsson T., Green B. (1989) Characterization of a pathogenesis-related, thaumatin-like protein isolated from barley challenged with an incompatible race of mildew. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 35: 45–52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bull A.T., Chesters C.G.C. (1966) The biochemistry of laminarin and nature of laminarinase. Adv Enzymol 28: 325–364

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr J.P., Klessig D.F. (1989) The pathogenesis-related proteins of plants. In: Setlow J.K. (ed) Genetic engineering, principles and methods, vol 11. Plenum, New York, pp 65–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr J.P., Dixon D.C., Klessig D.F. (1985) Synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins in tobacco is regulated at the level of mRNA accumulation and occurs on membrane-bound polysomes. Proe Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 7999–8003

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr J.P., Dixon DC, Nikolau B.J, Voelkerding K.V., Klessig D.F. (1987) Synthesis and localization of pathogenesis-related proteins in tobacco. Mol Cell Biol 7: 1580–1583

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Condit C.M., Meagher R.B. (1986) A gene encoding a novel glyeine-rich structural protein of petunia. Nature 323: 178–181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conejero V., Picazo I., Segado P. (1979) Citrus exocortis viroid (CEV): protein alterations in different hosts following viroid infection. Virology 97: 454–456

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper J.B., Chen J.A., van Holst G.-J., Varner J.E. (1987) Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins of plant cell walls. Trends Biochem Sci 12: 24–27

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cornelissen B.J.C., Hooft van Huijsduijnen R.A.M., Bol J.F. (1986a) A tobacco mosaic virusinduced tobacco protein is homologous to the sweet-tasting protein thaumatin. Nature 321: 531–532

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cornelissen B.J.C., Hooft van Huijsduijnen R.A.M., Van Loon L.C., Bol J.F. (1986b) Molecular characterization of messenger RNAs for “pathogenesis-related” proteins la, 1b and 1c, induced by TMV infection of tobacco. EMBO J 5: 37–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cornelissen B.J.C., Horowitz J., Van Kan J.A.L., Goldberg R.B., Bol J.F. (1987) Structure of tobacco genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins from the PR-I group. Nucleic Acids Res 15: 6799–6811

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Côté F., Ouakfaoui S.E., Asselin A. (1991) Detection of β-glucanases acting on various β-1,3 and β-1,4-glucans after native and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 12: 69

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Côté F., Cutt J.R., Asselin A., Klessig D.F. (1991) Pathogenesis-related acidic β-1,3-glucanase genes of tobacco are reguiated by both stress and developmental signals. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 4: 173–181

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coutts R.H.S., Wagih E.E. (1983) Induced resistance to viral infection and soluble protein alterations in cucumber and cowpea plants. Phytopathol Z 107: 57–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutt J.R., Dixon D.C., J.P., Klessig D.F. (1988) Isolation and nucleotide sequence of CDNA clones for the pathogenesis-related proteins PR-1a, PR-1b and PR-1c of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi nc induced by TMV infection. Nucleic Acids Res 16: 9861

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cutt J.R., Harpster M.H., Dixon D.C., Carr J.P., Dunsmuir P., Klessig D.F. (1989) Disease response to tobacco mosaic virus in transgenic tobacco plants that constitutively express the pathogenesis-related PR 1b gene. Virology 173: 89–97

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis B.J. (1964) Disc electrophoresis. II. Method and application to human serum proteins. Ann NY Acad Sci 121: 404–427

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeClerq E., Eckstein F., Merigan T.C. (1970) Structural requirements for synthetic polyanions to act as interferon inducers. Ann NY Acad Sci 173: 444–461

    Google Scholar 

  • De Tapia M., Bergmann P., Awade A., Burkard G. (1986) Analysis of acid extractable bean leaf proteins induced by mercuric chloride treatment and alfalfa mosaic virus infection. Partial purification and characterization. Plant Sci 45: 167–177

    Google Scholar 

  • De Wit P.J.G.M., Bakker J. (1980) Differential changes in soluble tomato leaf proteins after inoculation with virulent and avirulent races of Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Fulvia fulva). Physiol Plant Pathol 17: 121–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon D.C., Cutt J.R., Klessig D.F. (1991) Differential targeting of the PR-1 pathogenesisrelated proteins to the extracellular space and vacuoles of crystal idioblasts. EMBO J 6: 1317–1324

    Google Scholar 

  • Dixon R.A., Lamb C.J. (1990) Molecular communication in interactions between plants and microbial pathogens. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 41: 339–367

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dumas E., Lherminier J., Gianinazzi S., White R.F., Antoniw J.F. (1988) Immunocytochemical location of pathogenesis-related b1 protein induced in tobacco mosaic virus-infected or poly acrylic acid-treated tobacco plants. J Gen Virol 69: 2687–2694

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eberhard S., Doubrava N., Marfà V., Mohnen D., Southwick A., Darvill A., Albersheim P. (1989) Pectic cell wall fragments regulate tobacco thin-cell-layer explant morphogenesis. Plant Cell 1: 747–755

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ecker J.R., Davis R.W. (1987) Plant defense genes are regulated by ethylene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 5202–5206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fang K.S.Y., Vitale M., Fehlner P., King T.P. (1988) CDNA cloning and primary structure of a white-face hornet venom allergen, antigen 5. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 895–899

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Felix G., Meins F., Jr (1986) Developmental and hormonal regulation of ß-1,3-glucanase in tobacco. Planta 167: 206–211

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fink J., Jeblick W., Blaschek W., Kauss H. (1987) Calcium ions and polyamines activate the plasma membrane-located 1,3-ß-glucan synthase. Planta 171: 130–135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Francheschi V.R. (1989) Calcium oxalate formation is a rapid and reversible process in Lemna minor L. Protoplasma 148: 130–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Francheschi V.R., Horner Jr H.T. (1980) Calcium oxalate crystals in plants. Bot Rev 46: 361–427

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser R.S.S. (1981) Evidence for the occurrence of the “pathogenesis-related” proteins in leaves of healthy tobacco plants during flowering. Physiol Plant Pathol 19: 69–76

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser R.S.S. (1982) Are “pathogenesis-related” proteins involved in acquired systemic resistance of tobacco mosaic virus? J Gen Virol 58: 305–313

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser R.S.S., Clay C.M. (1983) Pathogenesis-related proteins and acquired systemic resistance: causal relationship or separate effects? Neth J Plant Pathol 89: 283–292

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fristensky B., Riggleman R., Wagoner W., Hadwiger L.A. (1985) Gene expression in susceptible and disease resistant interactions of peas induced with Fusarium solani pathogens and chitosan. Physiol Plant Pathol 27: 15–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Olmedo F., Carmona M.J., Lopez-Fando J.J., Fernandez J.A., Castagnaro A., Molina A., Hernandez-Lucas C., Carbonero P. (1992) Characterization and analysis of thionin genes. In:Boller T., Meins F. (eds) Genes involved in plant defense. Springer, Wien New York, pp283–301 [Dennis E.S. et al (eds) Plant gene research. Basic knowledge and application]

    Google Scholar 

  • Gessler C., Kuc J. (1982) Appearance of host protein in cucumber plants infected with viruses, bacteria and fungi. J Exp Bot 33: 58–66

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gianinazzi S. (1984) Genetic and molecular aspects of resistance induced by infections or chemicals. In: Kosuge T., Nester E.W. (eds) Plant-microbe interactions, molecular and genetic perspectives, vol 1. Macmillan, New York, pp 321–342

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianinazzi S., Ahl P. (1983) The genetic and molecular basis of b-proteins in the genus Nicotiana. Neth J Plant Pathol 89: 275–281

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gianinazzi S., Kassanis B. (1974) Virus resistance induced in plants by polyacrylic acid. J Gen Virol 23:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianinazzi S., Martin C. (1975) A naturally occurring active factor inducing resistance to virus infection in plants. Phytopathol Z 83: 23–26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gianinazzi S., Martin C., Vallee J.C. (1970) Hypersensibilite aux virus, temperatures et proteines solubles chez le Nicotiana Xanthi-nc. Apparition de nouvelles macromolecules lors de la repression de la synthese virale. C R Acad Sci Paris D 270: 2382–2386

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianinazzi S., Ahl P., Cornu A., Scalia R., Cassini R. (1980) First report of host b-protein appearance in response to a fungal infection in tobacco. Physiol Plant Pathol 16: 337–342

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granell A., Belles J.M., Conejero V. (1987) Induction of pathogenesis-related proteins in tomato by citrus exocortis virioid, silver ion and ethephon. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 31: 83–90

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green P.J., Pines O., Inouye M. (1986) The role of antisense RNA in gene regulation. Annu Rev Biochem 55: 566–597

    Google Scholar 

  • Hahlbrock K., Scheel D. (1989) Physiology and molecular biology of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 40: 347–369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hahn M.G.. Bucheli D., Cervone F., Doares S.H., O’Neill R.A., Darvill A., Albersheim P. (1989) The roles of cells wall constituents in plant-pathogen interactions. In: Nester E., Kosuge T. (eds) Plant-microbe interactions, vol 3. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 131–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Haseloff J., Gerlach W. (1988) Simple RNA enzymes with new and highly specific en doribonuclease activities. Nature 334: 585–591

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedrick S.A., Bell J.N.. Boller T., Lamb C.J. (1988) Chitinase cDNA cloning and mRNA induction by fungal elicitor, wounding and infection. Plant Physiol 86: 182–186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hilder V.A., Gatehouse A.M.R., Sheerman S.E., Barker R.F., Boulter D. (1987) A novel mechanism of insect resistance engineered into tobacco.Nature 330: 160–163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hogue R., Asselin A. (1987) Detection of 10 additional pathogenesis-related (b) proteins in intercellular fluid extracts from stressed “Xanthi-nc” tobacco leaf tissue. Can J Bot 65: 476–481

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes F.O. (1938) Inheritance of resistance to tobacco mosaic disease in tobacco. Phytopathology 28: 553 561

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooft van Huijsduijnen R.A.M, Cornelissen B.I.C., Van Loon L.C., Van Boom J.H., Tromp M., Bol J.F. (1985) Virus-induced synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins in tobacco. EMBO J 14: 2167–2171

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooft van Huijsduijnen R.A.M., Alblas S.W., deRijk R.H., Bol J.F. (1986a) Induction by salicylic acid of pathogenesis-related proteins and resistance to alfalfa mosaic virus infection in various plant species. J Gen Virol 67: 2135–2143

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooft van Huijsduijnen R.A.M., van Loon L.C., Bol J.F. (1986b) cDNA cloning of six mRNAS induced by TMV infection of tobacco and a characterization of their translation products. EMBO J 5: 2057–2061

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooft van Huijsduijnen R.A.M., Kauffmann S., Brederode F.T., Cornelissen B.I.C., Legrand M., Fritig B., Bol J.F. (1987) Homology between chitinases that are induced by TMV infection of tobacco. Plant Mol Biol 9: 411–420

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosokawa D., Ohashi Y. (1988) Immunochemical localization of pathogenesis-related proteins secreted into the intercellular spaces of salicylate-treated tobacco leaves. Plant Cell Physiol 29: 1035–1040

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jondle D.J., Coors J.G., Duke S.H. (1989) Maize leaf ß-1,3-glucanase activity in relation to resistance to Exserohilum tuncicum. Can J Bot 67: 263–366

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joosten M.H.A.J., De Wit P.J.G.M. (1989) Identification of several pathogenesis-related proteins in tomato leaves inoculated with Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Fulvia fulva) as l,3-ß-glucanases and chitinases. Plant Physiol 89: 945–951

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kassanis B., White R.F. (1975) Polyacrylic acid-induced resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco cv. Xanthi. Ann Appl Biol 79: 215–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Kassanis B., Gianinazzi S., White R.F. (1974) A possible explanation for the resistance of virusinfected tobacco plants to second infection. J Gen Virol 23: 11–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauffmann S., Legrand M., Geoffroy P., Fritig B. (1987) Biological function of pathogenesis-related proteins. Four PR proteins have ß-(1-3) glucanase activity. EMBO J 6: 3209–3212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kauffmann S., Legrand M., Fritig B. (1990) Isolation and characterization of six pathogenesisrelated (PR) proteins of Samsun NN tobacco. Plant Mol Biol 14: 381–390

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Keen N.T., Yoshikawa M. (1983) ß-1,3-endoglucanase from soybean releases elicitor-active carbohydrates from fungus cell walls. Plant Physiol 71: 460–465

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller B., Sauer.N, Lamb C.J. (1988) Glycine-rich cell wall proteins in bean: gene structure and association of the protein with the vascular system.EMBO J 7: 3625–3633

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King G.J., Turner V.A., Hussey C.E.Jr, Wurtele E.S., Lee S.M. (1988) Isolation and characterization of a tomato CDNA clone which codes for a salt-induced protein. Plant Mol Biol 10: 401–412

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koch E., Slusarenko A. (1990) Arabidopsis is susceptible to infection by a downy mildew fungus. Plant Cell 2: 437–445

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kombrink E., Hahlbrock K. (1986) Responses of cultured parsley cells to elicitors from phytopathogenic fungi. Plant Physiol 81: 216–221

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kombrink E., Schroder M., Hahlbrock K. (1988) Several “pathogenesis-related” proteins in potato are 1,3-ß-glucanases and chitinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 782–786

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopp M., Rouster J., Fritig B., Darvill A., Albersheim P. (1989) Host-pathogen interactions XXXII. A fungal glucan preparation protects Nicotianae against infection by viruses. Plant Physiol 90: 208–216

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lagrimini L.M., Bradford S., Rothstein S. (1990) Peroxidase-induced wilting in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Cell 2: 7–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LaRosa P.C., Singh N.K., Hasegawa P.M., Bressan R.A. (1989) Stable NaCI tolerance of tobacco cells is associated with enhanced accumulation of osmotin. Plant Physiol 91: 855–861

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laskowski M. Jr (1986) Protein inhibitors of serine proteinases-mechanism and classification. In: Friedman M. (ed) Nutritional toxicological significance of enzyme inhibitors in foods. Plenum, New York, pp 1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawton M.A., Lamb C.J. (1987) Transcriptional activation of plant defense genes by fungal elicitor, wounding and infection. Mol Cell Biol 7: 335–341

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leach J.E., Sherwood J., Fulton R.W., Sequeira L. (1983) Comparison of soluble proteins associated with disease resistance induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and by viral necrosis. Physiol Plant Pathol 23: 377–385

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Legrand M., Kauffmann S., Geoffroy P., Fritig B. (1987) Biological function of “pathogenesisrelated” proteins: four tobacco pathogenesis-related proteins are chitinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 6750–6754

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang X., Dron M., Cramer C.L., Dixon R.A., Lamb C.J. (1989) Differential regulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes during plant development and by environmental cues. J Biol Chern 264: 14486–14492

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linthorst H.J.M., Meuwissen R.L.J., Kauffmann S., Bol J. (1989) Constitutive expression of pathogenesis-related proteins PR-1, GRP and PR-S in tobacco has no effect on virus infection. Plant Cell 1: 285–291

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linthorst H.J.M., van Loon L.C., van Rossum C.M.A., Mayer A., Bol J.F., van Roekei J.S.C., Meulenhoff E.J.S., Cornelissen B.J.C. (1990) Analysis of acidic and basic chitinases from tobacco and petunia and their constitutive expression in transgenic tobacco. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 3: 252–258

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lotan T., Fluhr R. (1990) Xylanase, a novel elicitor of pathogenesis-related proteins in tobacco, uses a non-ethylene pathway for induction. Plant Physiol 93: 811–817

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lotan T., Ori N., Fluhr R. (1989) Pathogenesis-related proteins are developmentally regulated in tobacco flowers. Plant Cell 1: 881–887

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lucas J., Camacho-Henriquez A., Lottspeich F., Henschen A., Sänger H.L. (1985) Amino acid sequence of the “pathogenesis-related” leaf protein pl4 from viroid-infected tomato reveals a new type of structurally unfamiliar proteins. EMBO J 4: 2745–2749

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maiss E., Poehling H.M. (1983) Resistance against plant viruses induced by culture filtrates of the fungus Stachyhotrys chartarum. Neth J Plant Pat hol 89: 323

    Google Scholar 

  • Malamy J., Carr J.P., Klessig D.F., Raskin I. (1990) Salicylic acid—a likely signal in the resistance response of tobacco to viral infection. Science 250: 1002–1004

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malamy J., Hennig J., Klessig (1991) Salicylic acid and disease defense response in tobacco. In: Third International Congress of the International Society for Plant Molecular Biology, Abstract No 1089

    Google Scholar 

  • Maniatis T., Goodbourn S., Fischer J.A. (1987) Regulation of inducible and tissue-specific gene expression. Science 236: 1237–1245

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mason H.S., Mullet J.E. (1990) Expression of two soybean vegetative storage protein genes during development and in response to water deficit, wounding and jasmonic acid. Plant Cell 2: 569–579

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuoka M., Ohashi Y. (1984) Biochemical and serological studies of pathogenesis-related proteins of Nicotiana species. J Gen Virol 65: 2209–2215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuoka M., Asou S., Ohashi Y. (1985) Transcriptional step is necessary for induction of pathogenesis-related proteins. Proc Jap Acad Sci [B] 61: 486–489

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuoka M., Yamamato N., Kamo-Murakami Y., Tanaka Y., Ozeki Y., Hirano H., Kagawa H., Oshima M., Ohashi Y. (1987) Classification and structural comparison of full-length CDNAS for pathogenesis-related proteins. Plant Physiol 85: 942–946

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuoka M., Asou S., Ohashi Y. (1988) Regulation mechanisms of the synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins in tobacco leaves. Plant Cell Physiol 29: 1185–1192

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matthews R.E.F. (1981) Plant virology, 2nd edn. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauch F., Staehelin L.A. (1989) Functional implications of the subcellular localization of ethylene-induced chitinase and ß-1,3-glucanase in bean leaves. Plant Cell 1: 447–457

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mauch F., Hadwiger L.A., Boller T. (l988a) Antifungal hydrolases in pea tissue. I. Purification and characterization of two chitinases and two ß-1,3-glucanases differentially regulated during development and in response to fungal infection. Plant Physiol 87: 325–333

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauch F., Mauch-Mani B., Boller T. (l988b) Antifungal hydrolases in pea tissue. II. Inhibition of fungal growth by combinations of chitinase and ß-1,3-g1ucanase. Plant Physiol 88: 936–942

    Google Scholar 

  • Meeks-Wagner D.R., Dennis E.S., Van K.T.T., Peacock W.J. (1989) Tobacco genes expressed during in vitro floral initiation and their expression during normal plant development. Plant Cell 1: 25–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meins F. Jr, Ahl P. (1989) Induction of chitinase and ß-1,3-glucanase in tobacco plants infected with Pseudomonas tabaci and Phytophtora parasitica var. nicotianae. Plant Sci 61: 155–161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meins F Jr, Neuhaus J.-M., Sperisen C., Ryals J. (1992) The primary structure of plant pathogenesis-related glucanohydrolases and their genes. In: Boller T., Meins F. (eds) Genes involved in plant defense. Springer, Wien New York, pp 245–281 [Dennis E.S. et al (eds) Plant gene research. Basic knowledge and application]

    Google Scholar 

  • Memelink J., Hoge J.H.C., Schilperoort R.A. (1987) Cytokinin stress changes the developmental regulation of several defence-related genes in tobacco. EMBO J 6: 3579–3583

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Memelink J., Linthorst H.J.M., Schilperoort R.A., Hoge J.H.C. (1990) Tobacco genes encoding acidic and basic isoforms of pathogenesis-related proteins display different expression patterns. Plant Mol Biol 14: 119–126

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metzler M.C., Cutt J.R., Klessig D.F. (1991) Isolation and characterization of a gene encoding a PR-1-like protein from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 96: 346–348

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Métraux J.P., Streit L., Staub T. (1988) A pathogenesis-related protein in cucumber is a chitinase. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 33: 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Métraux J.P., Singer H., Ryals J., Ward E., Wyss-Benz M., Gaudin J., Raschdorf K., Schmid E., Blum W., Inverardi B. (1990) A transient increase in salicylic acid in the phloem of cucumber correlates with the onset of systemic induced resistance. Science 250: 1004–1005

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell P.J., Tjian R. (1989) Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequencespecific DNA binding proteins. Science 245: 371–378

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitsui T., Christeller J.T., Hara-Nishimura I., Akazawa T. (1984) Possible roles of Ca2+ and calmodulin in the biosynthesis and secretion of IX-amylase in rice seed scutellar epithelium. Plant Physiol 75: 21–25

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasser W., de Tapia M., Kauffmann S., Montasser-Kouhsari S., Burkard G. (1988) Identification and characterization of maize pathogenesis-related proteins. Four maize PR proteins are chitinases. Plant Mol Biol 11: 529–538

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasser W., de Tapia M., Burkard G. (1990) Maize pathogenesis-related proteins: characterization and cellular distribution of 1,3-ß-glucanases and chitinases induced by brome mosaic virus infection or mercuric chloride treatment. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 36: 1–14

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nassuth A.. Sanger H.L. (1987) Immunological relationships between “pathogenesis-related” leaf proteins from tomato, tobacco and cowpea. Virus Res 4: 229–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Neale A.D., Wahleithner J.A., Lund M., Bonnett H.T., Kelly A., Meeks-Wagner D.R., Peacock W.J., Dennis E.S. (1990) Chitinase, ß-1,3-glucanase, osmotin, and extensin are expressed in tobacco explants during flower formation. Plant Cell 2: 673–684

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neuhaus J.-M., Ahl-Goy P., Hinz U., Flores S., Meins Jr F. (1991) High-level expression of a tobacco chitinase gene in Nicotiana sylvestris. Susceptibility of transgenic plants to Cercospora nicotianae infection. Plant Mol Biol 16: 141–151

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohashi Y., Matsuoka M. (1985) Synthesis of stress proteins in tobacco leaves. Plant Cell Physiol (Japan) 26: 473–480

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohashi Y., Matsuoka M. (l987a) Induction and secretion of pathogenesis-related proteins by salicylate or plant hormones in tobacco suspension cultures. Plant Cell Physiol (Japan) 28: 573–580

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohashi Y., Matsuoka M. (1987b) Localization of pathogenesis-related proteins in the epidermis and intercellular spaces of tobacco leaves after their induction by potassium salicylate or tobacco mosaic virus infection. Plant Cell Physiol (Japan) 28: 1227–1235

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohshima M., Matsuoka M., Yamamoto N., Tanaka Y., Kano-Murakami Y., Ozeki Y., Kato A., Harada N., Ohashi Y. (1987) Nucleotide sequence of the PR-1 gene of Nicotiana tabacum. FEBS Lett 225: 243–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohshima M., Harada N., Matsuoka M., Ohashi Y. (l990a) The nucleotide sequence of pathogenesis-related (PR) 1b protein gene of tobacco. Nucleic Acids Res 18: 181

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohshima M., Harada N., Matsuoka M., Ohashi Y. (l990b) The nucleotide sequence of pathogenesis-related (PR) Ic protein gene of tobacco. Nucleic Acids Res 18: 182

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohshima M., Itoh H., Matsuoka M., Murakami T., Ohashi Y. (l990c) Analysis of stressinduced or salicylic acid-induced expression of the pathogenesis-related la protein gene in transgenic tobacco. Plant Cell 2: 95–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Parent J.-G., Asselin A. (1984) Detection of pathogenesis-related (PR or b) and of other proteins in the intercellular fluid of hypersensitive plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Can J Bot 62: 564–569

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parent J.-G., Hogue R., Assellin A. (1985) Glycoproteins, enzymatic activities and b proteins in intercellular fluid extracts from hypersensitive Nicotiana species infected with tobacco mosaic virus. Can J Bot 63: 928–931

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parent J.-G., Hogue R., Asselin A. (1988) Serological relationships between pathogenesisrelated leaf proteins from four Nicotiana species, Solanum tuberosum and Chenopodium amaranticolor. Can J Bot 66: 199–202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Payne G., Middlesteadt W., Williams S., Desai N., Parks T.D., Dincher S., Carnes M., Ryals J. (1988a) Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a novel cDNA clone encoding the major form of pathogenesis-related protein R. Plant Mol Biol 11: 223–224

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Payne G., Parks T.D., Burkhart W., Dincher S., Ahl P., Metraux J.P., Ryals J. (1988b) Isolation of the genomic clone for pathogenesis-related protein la from Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthinco. Plant Mol Biol 11: 89–94

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Payne G., Middlesteadt W., Desai N., Williams S., Dincher S., Carnes M., Ryals J. (1989) Isolation and sequence of a genomic clone encoding the basic form of pathogenesisrelated protein 1 from Nicoliana tabacum. Plant Mol Biol 12: 595–596

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Payne G., Ahl P., Moyer M., Harper A., Beck J., Meins F. Jr, Ryals J. (1990) Isolation of complementary DNA clones encoding pathogenesis-related proteins P and Q, two acidic chitinases from tobacco. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 98–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfitzner U.M., Goodman H.M. (1987) Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding pathogenesis-related proteins from tobacco mosaic virus infected tobacco plants. Nucleic Acids Res 15: 4449–4465

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfitzner U.M., Pfitzner A.J.P., Goodman H.M. (1988) DNA sequence analysis of a PR-la gene from tobacco: molecular relationship of heat shock and pathogen responses in plants. Mol Gen Genet 211: 290–295

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pfitzner A.J.P., Pfitzner U.M., Goodman H.M. (1990) Nucleotide sequences of two PR-1 pseudogenes from Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38. Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3404

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierpoint W.S. (1986) The pathogenesis-related proteins of tobacco leaves. Phytochemistry 25: 1595–1601

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierpoint W.S., Shewry P.R. (1987) Amino acid homologies suggest function for pathogenesisrelated proteins. Oxford Surv Plant Mol Cell Biol 4: 337–342

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierpoint W.S., Robinson N.P., Leason M.B. (1981) The pathogenesis-related proteins of tobacco: their induction by viruses in intact plants and their induction by chemicals in detached leaves. Physiol Plant Pathol 19: 85–97

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pierpoint W.S., Tatham A.S., Pappin D.J.C. (1987) Identification of the virus-induced protein of tobacco leaves that resembles the sweet-protein thaumatin. Physiol Mol Plant Pat hol 31: 291–298

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raskin I., Ehmann A., Melander W.R., Meeuse B.J.D. (1987) Salicylic acid: a natural inducer of heat production in Arum lilies. Science 237: 1601–1602

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redolfi P. (1983) Occurrence of pathogenesis-related (b) and similar proteins in different plant species. Neth J Plant Pathol 89: 245–254

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redolfi P., Cantisani A. (1984) Preliminary characterization of new soluble proteins in Phaseolus vulgaris cv. saxa reacting hypersensitively to viral infection. Physiol Plant Pathol 25: 9–19

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson M., Valdes-Rodriguez S., Blanco-Labra A. (1987) A possible function for thaumatin and a TMv-induced protein suggested by homology to a maize inhibitor. Nature 327: 432–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Roby D., Toppan A., Esquerré-Tugayé M.-T. (1988) Systemic induction of chitinase activity and resistance in melon plants upon fungal infection or elicitor treatment. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 33: 409–417

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roggero P., Pennazio S. (1989) The extracellular acidic and basic pathogenesis-related proteins of soybean induced by viral infection. J Phytopathol 127: 274–280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ross A.F., Pritchard D.W. (1972) Local and systemic effects of ethylene on tobacco mosaic virus lesion in tobacco. Phytopathology 62: 786

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan C.A. (1988) Proteinase inhibitor gene families: tissue specificity and regulation. In: Verma D.P.S., Goldberg R.B. (eds) Temporal and spatial regulation of plant genes. Springer, Wien New York, pp 223–233[Dennis E.S. et al (eds) Plant gene research. Basic knowledge and application]

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachs M., Ho T.-H.D. (1986) Alteration of gene expression during environmental stress in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 37: 363–376

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samac D.A., Hironaka C.M., Yallaly P.E., Shah D.M. (1990) Isolation and characterization of the genes encoding basic and acidic chitinase in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol 93: 907–914

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmelzer E., Krüger-Lebus S., Hahlbrock K. (1989) Temporal and spatial patterns of gene expression around sites of attempted fungal infection in parsley leaves. Plant Cell 1: 993–1001

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shinshi H., Mohnen D., Meins F. Jr (1987) Regulation of a plant pathogenesis-related enzyme. Inhibition of chitinase and chitinase mRNA accumulation in cultured tobacco tissues by auxin and cytokinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 89–93

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shinshi H., Wenzler H., Neuhaus J.-M., Felix G., Hofsteenge J., Meins F. Jr (1988) Evidence for N-and C-terminal processing of a plant defense-related enzyme: primary structure of tobacco prepro-ß-1,3-glucanase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 5541–5545

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shinshi H., Neuhaus J.-M., Ryals J., Meins F. Jr (1990) Structure of a tobacco endochitinase gene: evidence that different chitinase genes can arise by transposition of sequences encoding a cysteine-rich domain. Plant Mol Biol 14: 357–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh N.K., Bracker C.A., Hasegawa P.M., Handa A.K., Buckel S., Hermodson M.A., Pfankoch E., Regnier F.E., Bressan R.A. (1987) Characterization of osmotin. A thaumatin-Iike protein associated with osmotic adaptation in plant cells. Plant Physiol 85: 529–536

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh N.K., Nelson D.E., Kuhn D., Hasegawa P.M., Bressan R.A. (1989) Molecular cloning of osmotin and regulation of its expression by ABA and adaptation to low water potential. Plant Physiol 90: 1096–1101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi W.N. (1956) Increasing the sensitivity of the local-lesion method of virus assay. Phytopathology 46: 654–656

    Google Scholar 

  • Takeuchi Y., Yoshikawa M., Takeba G., Tanaka K., Shibata D., Horino O. (1990) Molecular cloning and ethylene induction of mRNA encoding a phytoalexin elicitor-releasing factor, ß-1,3-endoglucanase, in soybean. Plant Physiol 93: 673–682

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tran Thanh Van M., Thi Dien N., Chlyay A. (1974) Regulation of organogenesis in small explants of superficial tissue of Nicotiana tabacum L. Planta 119: 149–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuzun S., Rao M.N., Vögeli U., Schardi C.L., Kuć J. (1989) Induced systemic resistance to blue mold: early induction and accumulation of ß-1,3-glucanases, chitinases and other pathogenesis-related proteins (b-proteins) in immunized tobacco. Phytopathology 79: 979–983

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van de Rhee M.D., Van Kan J.A.L., Gonzalez-Jaen M.T., Bol J.F. (1990) Analysis of regulatory elements involved in the induction of two tobacco genes by salicylate treatment and virus infection. Plant Cell 2: 357–366

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Bulcke M., Bauw G., Castresana C., Van Montagu M., Vandekerckhove J. (1989) Characterization of vacuolar and extracellular ß-(1,3)-glucanases of tobacco: evidence for a strictly compartmentalized plant defense system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 2673–2677

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Kan J.A.L., Cornelissen B.J.C., Bol J.F. (1988) A virus-inducible tobacco gene encoding a glycine-rich protein shares putative regulatory elements with the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 1: 107–112

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Kan J.A.L., Van de Rhee M.D., Zuidema D., Cornelissen B.J.C., Bol J.F. (1989) Structure of tobacco genes encoding thaumatin-like proteins. Plant Mol Biol 12: 153–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Loon L.C. (l975a) Polyacrylamide disk electrophoresis of the soluble leaf proteins from Nicotiana tabacum var. “Samsun” and “Samsun NN”. III. Influence of temperature and virus strain on changes induced by tobacco mosaic virus. Physiol Plant Patho l6: 289–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Loon L.C. (1975b) Similarity of qualitative changes of specific proteins after infection with different viruses and their relationship to acquired resistance. Virology 67: 566–575

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Loon L.C. (1977) Induction by 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid of viral-like lesions, associated proteins and systemic resistance in tobacco. Virology 80: 417–420

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Loon L.C. (1983) The induction of pathogenesis-related proteins by pathogens and specific chemicals. Neth J Plant Pat hol 89: 265–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Loon L.C. (1985) Pathogenesis-related proteins. Plant Mol Biol 4: 111–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Loon L.C., Antoniw J.F. (1982) Comparison of the effects of salicylic acid and ethephon with virus-induced hypersensitivity and acquired resistance in tobacco. Neth J Plant Pathol 88: 237–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Loon L.C., Van Kammen A. (1970) Polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis of the soluble leaf proteins from Nicotiana tabacum var. “Samsun” and “Samsun NN”. II. Changes in protein constitution after infection with tobacco mosaic virus. Virology 40: 199–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Loon L.C., Gerritsen Y.A.M., Ritter C.E. (1987) Identification, purification and characterization of pathogenesis-related proteins from virus-infected Samsun NN tobacco leaves. Plant Mol Biol 9: 593–609

    Google Scholar 

  • Varner J.E., Cassab G.I. (1986) A new protein in petunia. Nature 323: 110

    Google Scholar 

  • Varner J.E., Liang-Shiou (1989) Plant cell wall architecture. Cell 56: 231–239

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vera P., Conejero V. (1988) Pathogenesis-related proteins of tomato. Plant Physiol87: 58–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Vera P., Hernández-Yago J., Conejero V. (1989) “Pathogenesis-related” P1 (p14) proteinVacuolar and apoplastic localization in leaf tissue from tomato plants infected with citrus exocortis virioid; in vitro synthesis and processing. J Gen Virol 70: 1933–1942

    Google Scholar 

  • Vögeli-Lange R., Hansen-Gehri A., Boller T., Meins F. Jr (1988) Induction of the defenserelated glucanohydrolases, ß-1,3-glucanase and chitinase, by tobacco mosaic virus infection of tobacco leaves. Plant Sci 54: 171–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Vögeli U., Meins F. Jr., Boller T. (1988) Coordinated regulation of chitinase and ß-1,3-glucanase in bean leaves. Planta 174: 364–372

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagih E.E., Coutts R.H.A. (1981) Similarities in the soluble protein profiles of leaf tissue following either a hypersensitive reaction to virus infection or plasmolysis. Plant Sci Lett 21: 61–69

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward E.R., Payne G.B., Moyer M.B., Williams S.C., Dincher S.S., Sharkey K.C., Beck J.J., Taylor H.T., Ahl-Goy P., Meins F. Jr., Ryals J.A. (1991) Differential regulation of ß-1,3-glucanase messenger RNAs in response to pathogen infection. Plant Physiol 96: 390–397

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White R.F. (1979) Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) induces resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco. Virology 99: 410–412

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White R.F., Antoniw J.F., Carr J.P., Woods R.D. (1983) The effects of aspirin and polyacrylic acid on the multiplication and spread of TMV in different cultivars of tobacco with and without the N-gene. Phytopathol Z 107: 224–232

    Google Scholar 

  • White R.F., Dumas E., Shaw P., Antoniw J.F. (1986) The chemical induction of PR (b) proteins and resistance to TMV infection in tobacco. Antiviral Res 6: 177–185

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • White R.F., Rybicki E.P., Von Wechmar M.B., Dekker J.L., Antoniw J.P. (1987) Detection of PR1-type proteins in Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Graminae and Solanaceae by immunoelectroblotting. J Gen Virol 68: 2043–2048

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ye X.S., Pan S.Q., Ku J. (1989) Pathogenesis-related proteins and systemic resistance to blue mould and tobacco mosaic virus induced by tobacco mosaic virus, Peronospora tabacina and aspirin. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 35: 161–175

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer-Verlag Wien

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cutt, J.R., Klessig, D.F. (1992). Pathogenesis-related Proteins. In: Boller, T., Meins, F. (eds) Genes Involved in Plant Defense. Plant Gene Research. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6684-0_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6684-0_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-7380-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-6684-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics