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Onychophora

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Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 3

Abstract

Onychophorans, or “velvet worms” (Fig. 4.1), are multi-legged, terrestrial invertebrates that inhabit decaying logs, soil, and leaf litter of tropical and temperate forests on landmasses that have resulted from the breakup of Gondwana (Fig. 4.2A). The approximately 200 described species are classified into two major subgroups, the Peripatidae and Peripatopsidae, which might have diverged over 350 million years ago (Fig. 4.2A, B). The anatomy of onychophorans has changed little since the Early Cambrian, as they resemble fossil lobopodians – putative stem-group representatives of Panarthropoda (Onychophora + Tardigrada + Arthropoda).

Chapter vignette artwork by Brigitte Baldrian.© Brigitte Baldrian and Andreas Wanninger.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Juveniles of the oviparous species Ooperipatus hispidus kept in culture at 17 °C hatched only 4 months after egg deposition (unpublished data).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, Kassel, 34132, Germany

    Georg Mayer, Sandra Treffkorn, Vladimir Gross & Ivo de Sena Oliveira

  2. Animal Evolution and Development, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstraße 33, Leipzig, 04103, Germany

    Georg Mayer & Franziska Anni Franke

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Correspondence to Georg Mayer .

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    Andreas Wanninger

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Mayer, G., Franke, F.A., Treffkorn, S., Gross, V., de Sena Oliveira, I. (2015). Onychophora. In: Wanninger, A. (eds) Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 3. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1865-8_4

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