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Molecular Motors in Cargo Trafficking and Synapse Assembly

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Synaptic Plasticity

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((volume 970))

Abstract

Every production process, be it cellular or industrial, depends on a constant supply of energy and resources. Synapses, specialized junctions in the central nervous system through which neurons signal to each other, are no exception to this rule. In order to form new synapses and alter the strength of synaptic transmission, neurons need a regulatory mechanism to deliver and remove synaptic proteins at synaptic sites. Neurons make use of active transport driven by molecular motor proteins to move synaptic cargo over either microtubules (kinesin, dynein) or actin filaments (myosin) to their specific site of action. These mechanisms are crucial for the initial establishment of synaptic specializations during synaptogenesis and for activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength during plasticity. In this chapter, we address the organization of the neuronal cytoskeleton, focus on synaptic cargo transport activities that operate in axons and dendrites, and discuss the spatial and temporal regulation of motor protein-based transport.

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Acknowledgments

R.v.d.B. is supported by a grant from the “Stichting MS Research.” C.C.H. is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-ALW and NWO-CW), the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMW-VIDI and ZonMW-TOP), the European Science Foundation (EURYI), EMBO Young Investigators Program (YIP), and the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP-CDA).

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  1. Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Robert van den Berg & Casper C. Hoogenraad

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  1. Robert van den Berg
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  2. Casper C. Hoogenraad
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Correspondence to Casper C. Hoogenraad .

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  1. , PG Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Brenneckestraße 6, Magdeburg, 39118, Germany

    Michael R. Kreutz

  2. , Institute of Neuroscience, CR6 CNR-IN Consiglio Nazionale delle Ric, Via Vanvitelli, 32, Milano, 20129, Italy

    Carlo Sala

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van den Berg, R., Hoogenraad, C.C. (2012). Molecular Motors in Cargo Trafficking and Synapse Assembly. In: Kreutz, M., Sala, C. (eds) Synaptic Plasticity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 970. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8_8

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