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Gedächtnis für Bilder

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Bild — Bildwahrnehmung — Bildverarbeitung

Part of the book series: Bildwissenschaft ((BILDW,volume 15))

Zusammenfassung

Es ist seit den 60er Jahren bekannt, daß unsere Fähigkeit immens ist, Bilder, die wir einmal gesehen haben, wiederzuerkennen. Shepard (1967) zeigte seinen Versuchspersonen 612 farbige Dias, jedes für 10 Sekunden. Die Wiedererkennensleistung prüfte er an 68 zufällig ausgewählten Dias im forced-choice-Verfahren. Das heißt, die Versuchspersonen sahen jeweils ein altes Dia mit einem neuen Dia und mußten beurteilen, welches das alte war. Bei sofortiger Prüfung fällten die Versuchspersonen in 98·% aller Fälle eine richtige Entscheidung, nach einer Woche in 92 % der Fälle. Daraufhin erhöhten Standing, Conezio und Haber (1970) die Zahl der Bilder auf 2560, die sie den Versuchspersonen über zwei bzw. vier Tage verteilt darboten. Sie zeigten die Bilder mit einer Rate von 1 oder 10 Sekunden pro Bild. Sie testeten die Wiedererkennensleistung an einer Stichprobe von 280 Bildpaaren. Bei einer Darbietungsrate von 1 Sekunde pro Bild wurden 85 %, bei einer Rate von 10 Sekunden pro Bild wurden 95 % der Bilder wiedererkannt. Standing (1973) bot schließlich 10 000 Dias. Seine Versuchspersonen sahen täglich 2000 Dias. Nach zwei Tagen erkannten sie noch immer 73 % der Bilder wieder. Kein Zweifel, unsere Fähigkeit, Bilder wiederzuerkennen, ist gewaltig. Ein zweiter, immer wieder belegter Befund ist der Bildüberlegenheitseffekt. Bilder von Objekten (und Objekte) werden besser erinnert als ihre Bezeichnungen (Madigan 1983; Nelson 1979; Paivio 1971, 1986; Pezdek, Roman & Sobolik 1986; Zimmer 1989). Dies gilt für das Wiedererkennen wie für das freie Reproduzieren gleichermaßen.

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Authors
  1. Johannes Engelkamp
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Magdeburg / Oldenburg, Deutschland

    Klaus Sachs-Hombach  & Klaus Rehkämper  & 

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Engelkamp, J. (2004). Gedächtnis für Bilder. In: Sachs-Hombach, K., Rehkämper, K. (eds) Bild — Bildwahrnehmung — Bildverarbeitung. Bildwissenschaft, vol 15. Deutscher Universitätsverlag, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-09410-4_22

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-09410-4_22

  • Publisher Name: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, Wiesbaden

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-8244-4571-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-663-09410-4

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