Skip to main content

A Coloured Petri Net Approach to the Functional and Performance Analysis of SIP Non-INVITE Transaction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency IX

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((TOPNOC,volume 8910))

Abstract

With the increasing popularity of Voice over IP, the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), a protocol for session creation and management, has become more and more important. This paper is focused on SIP non-INVITE transaction (NIT) and analyzes its functional correctness and performance. We firstly propose an extension to a Coloured Petri Net (CPN) based protocol verification methodology with a performance analysis component. Following the extended methodology, CPN models for NIT are created, verified and simulated. Functional verification shows that NIT contains no livelock and dead code, but it is not free of deadlock. Simulation analysis indicates that channel loss has a signifcant impact on bandwidth consumption by NIT, and when channel loss rate is less than 20 %, the delay by the server generating its final response has great influence on NIT performance. The outcome of this research also demonstrates the effectiveness of CPN for both functional and performance analysis of network protocols.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Handley, M., Schulzrinne, H., Schooler, E., Rosenberg, J.: SIP: Session Initiation Protocol. RFC 2543 (Proposed Standard, obsoleted by RFC 3261), March 1999

    Google Scholar 

  2. Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., Schooler, E.: SIP: Session Initiation Protocol (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Glasmann, J., Kellerer, W., Muller, H.: Service development and deployment in H.323 and SIP. In: Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, pp. 378–385 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Glasmann, J., Kellerer, W., Muller, H.: Service architectures in H.323 and SIP: a comparison. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 5(2), 32–47 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wang, L., Agarwal, A., Atwood, J.: Modelling and verification of interworking between SIP and H.323. Comput. Netw. 45(2), 77–98 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. 3GPP: 3GPP Website - Technologies. http://www.3gpp.org/Technologies. Accessed: 20 January 2013

  7. Camarillo, G., García-Martín, M.: The 3G IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS): Merging the Internet and the Cellular Worlds. Wiley, New York (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Huitema, C., Gurle, C.: Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for Instant Messaging. RFC 3428, December 2002

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chebbo, H., Wilson, M.: Traffic and load modelling of an IP mobile network. In: 4th International Conference on 3G Mobile Communication Technologies, 3G 2003, (Conf. Publ. No. 494), pp. 423–427 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Schmidt, H., Dang, C.T., Hauck, F.: Proxy-based security for the session initiation protocol (SIP). In: Second International Conference on Systems and Networks Communications, ICSNC 2007, p. 42 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Geneiatakis, D., Lambrinoudakis, C., Kambourakis, G., Kafkalas, A., Ehlert, S.: A first order logic security verification model for SIP. In: IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC ’09, pp. 1–6 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Wu, J.S., Wang, P.Y.: The performance analysis of SIP-T signaling system in carrier class VoIP network. In: 17th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications, AINA 2003, pp. 39–44 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Subramanian, S., Dutta, R.: Performance and scalability of M/M/c based queuing model of the SIP proxy server - a practical approach. In: 2009 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (ATNAC), pp. 1–6 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Sisalem, D., Liisberg, M., Rebahi, Y.: A theoretical model of the effects of losses and delays on the performance of SIP. In: Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE GLOBECOM 2008, pp. 1–6. IEEE (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gurbani, V.K., Jagadeesan, L.J., Mendiratta, V.B.: Characterizing session initiation protocol (SIP) network performance and reliability. In: Malek, M., Nett, E., Suri, N. (eds.) ISAS 2005. LNCS, vol. 3694, pp. 196–211. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Rohricht, M., Bless, R.: Advanced quality-of-service signaling for the session initiation protocol (SIP). In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 6987–6992 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sari, R., Wirya, P.: Performance analysis of session initiation protocol on emulation network using NIST NET. In: The 9th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, vol. 1, pp. 506–510 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Peng, Y., Zhanting, Y., Jizeng, W.: Petri net model of session initiation protocol and its verification. In: International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, WiCom 2007, pp. 1861–1864 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gehlot, V., Hayrapetyan, A.: A formalized and validated executable model of the SIP-based presence protocol for mobile applications. In: ACM Southeast Regional Conference, pp. 185–190. ACM (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gehlot, V., Nigro, C.: Colored Petri net model of the session initiation protocol (SIP). In: IECON 2010–36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 2150–2155 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ding, L.G., Liu, L.: Modelling and analysis of the INVITE transaction of the session initiation protocol using coloured Petri nets. In: van Hee, K.M., Valk, R. (eds.) PETRI NETS 2008. LNCS, vol. 5062, pp. 132–151. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu, L.: Verification of the SIP transaction using coloured Petri nets. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Second Australasian Computer Science Conference (ACSC 2009), Computer Science 2009. CRPIT, Wellington, New Zealand, 19–23 January, 2009, vol. 91, pp. 63–72. Australian Computer Society (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Billington, J., Wilbur-Ham, M.C., Bearman, M.Y.: Automated protocol verification. In: Proceedings of the IFIP WG6.1 Fifth International Conference on Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification V, pp. 59–70. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Billington, J.: Specification of protocols: protocol engineering. In: Kent, A., Williams, J., Kent, R. (eds.) Encyclopedia of Microcomputers, vol. 7, pp. 299–314. Marcel Dekker, New York (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Jensen, K., Kristensen, L.M.: Coloured Petri Nets - Modelling and Validation of Concurrent Systems. Springer, Berlin (2009)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. Gordon, S.D.: Verification of the WAP transaction layer using coloured Petri nets. Ph.D. thesis, Telecommunications Research and Computer Systems Engineering Centre, University of South Australia, November 2001

    Google Scholar 

  27. Han, B.: Formal specification of the TCP service and verification of TCP connection management. Ph.D. thesis, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of South Australia, December 2004

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ouyang, C., Billington, J.: Formal analysis of the internet open trading protocol. In: Núñez, M., Maamar, Z., Pelayo, F.L., Pousttchi, K., Rubio, F. (eds.) FORTE 2004. LNCS, vol. 3236, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Tokmakoff, A., Billington, J.: An approach to the analysis of interworking traders. In: Donatelli, S., Kleijn, J. (eds.) ICATPN 1999. LNCS, vol. 1639, pp. 127–146. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  30. Villapol, M.E., Billington, J.: A coloured Petri net approach to formalising and analysing the resource reservation protocol. CLEI Electron. J 6(1), 1–25 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Vanit-Anunchai, S., Billington, J., Kongprakaiwoot, T.: Discovering chatter and incompleteness in the datagram congestion control protocol. In: Wang, F. (ed.) FORTE 2005. LNCS, vol. 3731, pp. 143–158. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  32. CPN Group: CPN Tools homepage (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Kristensen, L.M., Simonsen, K.I.F.: Applications of coloured Petri nets for functional validation of protocol designs. In: Jensen, K., van der Aalst, W.M.P., Balbo, G., Koutny, M., Wolf, K. (eds.) ToPNoC VII. LNCS, vol. 7480, pp. 56–115. Springer, Heidelberg (2013)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Liu, J., Ye, X., Li, J.: Analyzing performance for complex protocol using validated CP-nets models. In: Proceedings of the 2010 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, CIT ’10, pp. 377–384. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Billington, J., Gallasch, G.E., Han, B.: A coloured Petri net approach to protocol verification. In: Desel, J., Reisig, W., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) ACPN 2003. LNCS, vol. 3098, pp. 210–290. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  36. Kohler, E., Handley, M., Floyd, S.: Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP). RFC 4340 (Proposed Standard), March 2006. Updated by RFCs 5595, 5596

    Google Scholar 

  37. Holzmann, G.J.: Design and Validation of Computer Protocols. Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River (1991)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Diamond, W.: Practical Experiment Designs: For Engineers and Scientists. Industrial Engeneering/Quality Management. Wiley, New York (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Billington, J., Vanit-Anunchai, S., Gallasch, G.E.: Parameterised coloured Petri net channel models. In: Jensen, K., Billington, J., Koutny, M. (eds.) ToPNoC III. LNCS, vol. 5800, pp. 71–97. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  40. Jensen, K., Kristensen, L.M., Wells, L.: Coloured Petri Nets and CPN Tools for Modelling and Validation of Concurrent Systems. STTT 9(3–4), 213–254 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Happenhofer, M., Egger, C., Reichl, P.: Quality of signalling: a new concept for evaluating the performance of non-INVITE SIP transactions. In: 2010 22nd International Teletraffic Congress (ITC), pp. 1–8, September 2010

    Google Scholar 

  42. Sparks, R.: Problems Identified Associated with the Session Initiation Protocol’s (SIP) Non-INVITE Transaction. RFC 4321 (Informational), January 2006

    Google Scholar 

  43. Babich, F., Deotto, L.: Formal methods for specification and analysis of communication protocols. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 4(1), 2–20 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The first author (Dr Junxian Liu) would like to thank Professor Jonathan Billington and the University of South Australia for inviting him to conduct collaborative research on verification of the Session Initiation Protocol. Both authors are grateful to Professor Jonathan Billington for providing them valuable guidance on this work.

This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 71171196.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Junxian Liu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Liu, J., Liu, L. (2014). A Coloured Petri Net Approach to the Functional and Performance Analysis of SIP Non-INVITE Transaction. In: Koutny, M., Haddad, S., Yakovlev, A. (eds) Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency IX. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8910. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45730-6_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45730-6_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45729-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45730-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics