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Heterosis and Its Utilization

  • Chapter
Breeding Oilseed Brassicas

Part of the book series: Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics ((GENETICS,volume 19))

Abstract

Traditionally, pure line cultivars have been bred in B. juncea and B. napus, while improved populations are the mainstay of the breeding efforts in oleiferous forms of B. campestris. Lately, it has become apparent that the new techniques of plant breeding are imperative to sustain the generation of new high-yielding varieties. The need arises from the fact that the traditional methods of breeding do not mobilize a sufficient amount of genetic diversity. The success of hybrid rice is an impressive example of what aggressive application of basic genetic concepts to specific problems can accomplish. It is almost 50 years since Owen (1942) and Jones and Clarke (1943) proposed a system of hybrid seed production, the former in sugarbeet and the latter in onion. The major requirement of this system is the genetic or chemical circumvention of self-fertilization in the female line, which is an endeavour to change the reproductive system from autogamy to exogamy. Prerequisites to such a programme include sufficient yield heterosis, genetic emasculation and effective pollen shedders. Investigations on the occurrence of heterosis in rapeseed-mustard are encouraging, with reports of yield heterosis up to 150%. Hybrid advantage is not simply a function of heterosis. Three factors influence the end result: (1) breeding method efficiency (rate of progress factor), (2) the negative or positive effects of cytoplasmic male sterility-fertility restoration system used to produce the hybrid, and (3) the inherent heterosis (Virmani and Edwards 1983). The present chapter describes the extent of heterosis, different male sterility systems and associated problems. The prospects of commercial hybrids in rapeseed-mustard are also discussed.

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  1. S. S. Banga
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  1. Department of Plant Breeding, Punjab Agricultural University, 141 004, Ludhiana, India

    Kuldeep S. Labana (Ex-Head), Surinder S. Banga  & Shashi K. Banga (Ex-Head),  & 

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Banga, S.S. (1993). Heterosis and Its Utilization. In: Labana, K.S., Banga, S.S., Banga, S.K. (eds) Breeding Oilseed Brassicas. Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics, vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06166-4_3

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