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Distribution and Movement of Membrane Lipids

  • Chapter
Red Cell Membrane Transport in Health and Disease

Abstract

The human red blood cell membrane consists of lipids (41%), proteins (52%), and carbohydrates (7%) (Dodge et al. 1963). Membrane lipids (5.2 mg/ml packed cells or 5.2·10-13 g/cell) can be divided into three classes: neutral lipids (25.2%), phospholipids (62.7%) and glycosphingolipids (about 12%). Neutral lipids of human erythrocytes represent cholesterol almost exclusively (Nelson 1972). The ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid is about 0.8 (Broekhuyse 1974). Phospholipids (4.3 umol/mlcells) consist of sphingomyelin (SM, 26%) and glycerophospho-lipids. Glycerophospholipids can be divided into 3 main fractions — phosphatidylcholine (PC, 30%), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, 27%), and phosphatidylserine (PS, 13%) as well as several minor fractions — phosphatidic acid, lyso-PC, phosphati-dylinositol (PI), and PI mono and diphosphates (Nelson 1972; Broekhuyse 1974). The fatty acid pattern differs among the phospholipid classes and according to the position of the glycerol backbone. PE and PS contain higher fractions of polyunsaturated fatty acids than PC (Gercken et al. 1972). Saturated fatty acids with 16 to 24 carbon atoms are preferentially located at the 1 position of glycerol whereas unsaturated fatty acids with up to 6 double bonds are at the 2 position (Van Deenen 1969). In case of PE, species with vinyl ether bonds at the 1 position of glycerol (plasmalogens) make up the majority (Nelson 1972). SM mainly contains long-chain saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids with up to 24 C atoms (Gercken et al. 1972).

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  1. Institut für Physiologie, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, Aachen, Germany

    Cees W. M. Haest

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  1. Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät III, Arbeitsgruppe Biophysik, Universität des Saarlandes, P.O.Box 151150, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany

    Ingolf Bernhardt

  2. Laboratory of Physiology, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK

    J. Clive Ellory

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Haest, C.W.M. (2003). Distribution and Movement of Membrane Lipids. In: Bernhardt, I., Ellory, J.C. (eds) Red Cell Membrane Transport in Health and Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05181-8_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05181-8_1

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