Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Zeolites as Catalysts in Industrial Processes

  • Chapter
Catalysis and Zeolites

Abstract

Zeolites find three main commercial applications: in detergents, because of their ion-exchange capacity, in separations and adsorption, because of their molecular sieve properties, and as catalysts, mainly because of their high acidity. In volume, the application in detergents is by far the largest [1]. However, with respect to financial market size, catalysts form the largest application of zeolites [2]. As an example, the market volume in US $/annum of zeolite catalysts (basis 1994 figures) constitutes about 60% of the total market, with fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts forming the greatest contribution, 48% of total market, followed by hydrocracking catalysts, 7% of total market. In catalysts currently mainly zeolite Y is used, with the biggest consumption being in catalytic cracking and hydrocracking, but ZSM-5, mordenite, and other zeolites have also found commercial application in catalysts. Continuously, new catalytic applications are being developed, or existing ones further fine-tuned, by making use of the many opportunities zeolites offer for tailoring a catalyst.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Abbreviations

ASA:

amorphous silica-alumina

BP:

British Petroleum Co.

bpsd:

barrels per stream day

BTX:

benzene toluene xylene

CCR:

Conradson carbon residue

DHCD:

dehydrocyclodimerization

DIPD:

diisopropyldiphenyl

DME:

dimethyl ether

EB:

ethylbenzene

EBHP:

ethylbenzene hydroperoxide

FCC:

fluid catalytic cracking

FIMS:

Field Ion Mass Spectrometry

GHSV:

gas hourly space velocity

HDN:

hydrodenitrogenation

LABS:

linear alkylbenzene sulfonates

LCO:

light cycle oil

LPG:

liquified petroleum gases

LR:

long residue

MDDW:

Mobil Distillate Dewaxing

MEK:

methyl ethyl ketone

MHC:

Mild Hydrocracking

MOGD:

Mobil Olefins to Gasoline and Distillate

MON:

Motor octane number

MSTDP:

Mobil Selective Toluene Disproportionation Process

MTBE:

Methyl-tertiary-butyl ether

MTDP:

Mobil Toluene Disproportionation Process

MTG:

methanol to gasoline

MTO:

methanol to olefins

PCAH:

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PCP:

protonated cyclopropane

PSD:

pore size distribution or particle size distribution

RON:

reseach octane number

RVD:

Reid vapor pressure

SMDS:

Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis

SPA:

supported phosphoric acid

SPGK:

Shell Poly-Gasoline and -Kero process

TAME:

tert-amyl-methyl ether

TBHP:

tert-butyl hydroperoxide

TIGAS:

Topsøe Integrated Gasoline synthesis

TIP:

Total Isomerization Process

UCS:

unit cell size

UOP:

Universal Oil Products Inc.

URBK:

Union Rheinische Braunkohlen Kraftstoff AG

USY:

ultrastable Y-zeolite

References

  1. Moscou L (1991) In: van Bekkum H, Flanigen EM and Jansen JC (eds) Introduction to zeolite science and practice. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  2. Naber JE, De Jong KP, Stork WHJ, Kuipers HPCE, Post MFM (1994) In: Zeolites and Related Microporous Materials: State of the Art 1994, Weitkamp J, Karge HG, Pfeifer H, Hölderich W (eds) Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam, p 2197–2219

    Google Scholar 

  3. Maxwell IE, Stork WHJ (1991) In: Van Bekkum H, Flanigen EM and Jansen JC (eds) Introduction to zeolite science and practice, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 571

    Google Scholar 

  4. EU Environmental specifications for market fuels for year 2000, proposed by the Council of Environmental Ministers 19.6.97

    Google Scholar 

  5. Van Zijll Langhout WC, Ouwerkerk C, Pronk KMA (1980) Paper presented at the 88th National Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 8–12

    Google Scholar 

  6. Röbschläger KW, Deelen WJ, Naber JE (1992) Proceedings International Symposium on Heavy Oil and Residue Upgrading and Utilization, Chongren H and Chu H (ed) International Academic Publishers Beijing, 249–254

    Google Scholar 

  7. Gosselink JW (1998) In: Weber T et al (eds) Transition Metal Sulphides, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, p 311–355

    Google Scholar 

  8. Scheffer B, Van Koten MA, Röbschläger KW, de Boks FC (1998) Catal Today 43:217–224

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Espeel P, Parton R, Toufar H, Martens J, Hölderich W, Jacos P, this book, chap 6

    Google Scholar 

  10. Naber JE, Barnes PH, Akbar M (1988) The Shell residue fluid catalytic cracking process. Commercial experience and future developments, Japan Petroleum Institute, Petroleum Refining Conference, Tokyo, October 19–21

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mauleon JL, Courcelle JC (1985) FCC heat balance considerations with heavy feeds, 6th Katalistiks FCC Symposium, Munich, May 22–23

    Google Scholar 

  12. Avidan AA, Edwards M, Owen H (1990) Innovative improvements highlight FCCs past and future, Oil Gas J, Jan 8, p 33

    Google Scholar 

  13. Advances in fluid catalytic cracking (1987) Catalytica study number 4186 CC

    Google Scholar 

  14. Dean RR, Hibble PW, Brown GW (1987) Crude oil upgrading utilizing residual oil fluid catalytic cracking, 8th Katalistiks FCC Symposium, Hungary, June 1–4

    Google Scholar 

  15. Shaffer Jr AG, Hemler CL (1990) Seven years of operation proves RCC capability, Oil Gas J, May 28, p 62

    Google Scholar 

  16. Biswas J, Maxwell IE (1990) Appl Catal 58: 1–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Naber JE, Barnes PH, Akbar M, Japan Petrol Inst Petr Ref Conf, Tokyo, Japan, 19–21 October 1988

    Google Scholar 

  18. Elvin FJ (1991) Fluid cracking catalyst demetallization. Commercial results. NPRA Annual Meeting, March 17–19, San Antonio, TX, paper AM-91–40

    Google Scholar 

  19. Akbar M, Borley M, Claverin B, Otto H (1986) Some experiences with FCC octane enhancement, AKZO Catalysts Symposium, May 25–28, paper F-3

    Google Scholar 

  20. Young GW, Suarez W, Roberie TG, Cheng WC (1991) Reformulated gasoline: the role of current and future FCC catalysts, NPRA Annual Meeting, march 17–19, San Antonio, TX, paper AM-91–34

    Google Scholar 

  21. Martino G, Courty, P, Marcilly (1997) In: Ertl G, Knoezinger H, Weitkamp J (eds) Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Vol 4, VCH-Wiley, Weinheim, p 1805

    Google Scholar 

  22. Naber JE, de Jong KP, Stork WHJ, Kuipers HPCE, Post MFM (1994) In: Weitkamp J, Karge HG, Pfeifer H, Hoelderich (eds) Zeolites and Related Microporous Materials, Stud Surf Sci Catal 84. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 2197

    Google Scholar 

  23. von Ballmoos R, Harris DH, Magee JS (1997) In: Ertl G, Knoezinger H, Weitkamp J (eds) Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, VCH-Wiley, Weinheim, Vol 4, p 1955

    Google Scholar 

  24. Helmsing MP, Makkee M, Moulijn JA (1995) In: O’Connor P, Takatsuka T, Woolery GL (eds) Deactivation and testing of hydrocarbon processing catalysts, ACS Symposium Series 364, 1995, p 322

    Google Scholar 

  25. Scherzer J (1989) Octane-enhancing, zeolitic FCC catalysts: scientific and technical aspects, Catal Rev Sci Eng 31(3):215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Venuto PB, Habib ET (1979) Fluid catalytic cracking with zeolite catalysts. Dekker, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ward JW (1984) In: Leach BE et al. (eds) Applied industrial catalysis. Academic Press, New York, NY, vol 4, p 272

    Google Scholar 

  28. Wojciechowski BW, Corma A (1986) Catalytic cracking. Dekker, New York, NY

    Google Scholar 

  29. Keyworth DA, Nieman J, O’Connor P, Stanger CW (1987) NPRA Annual Meeting, San Atnonio, TX, paper AM-87–62

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sie ST (1992) Ind Eng Chem Res 31:1881; (1993) 32:403

    Google Scholar 

  31. Haag W, Dessau MR (1984) Proc 8th Int Congress Catal, Berlin, vol 2, p 305

    Google Scholar 

  32. Davison Catalagram, No 76, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  33. Ramamoorthy P et al. (1988) A new metals passivator in fluid catalytic cracking, NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 20–22

    Google Scholar 

  34. Heite RS, English AR, Smith GA (1990) Bismuth nickel passivation effective in FCCU, Oil Gas J, June 4, p 81

    Google Scholar 

  35. English AR, Kowalzyk DC (1984) Oil Gas J, July 16,127

    Google Scholar 

  36. Groenenboom CJ, Van Houtert FW, Van Maare J (1984) Metals in cracking catalysts, Ketjen Catalysts Symposium, Amsterdam, Mai 27–30

    Google Scholar 

  37. Dwyer FG, Degnan F (1993) In: Magee JS, Mitchell MM jr (eds) Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Science and Technology, Stud Surf Sci Cat 76, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 499

    Google Scholar 

  38. Corma A, Gonzalez-Alfaro V, Orchilles AV (1995) Appl Catal 129: 203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Van Wechem HMH (1996) paper presented at The Institute of petroleum. Hydrogen - The refinery green light, London, April 25, 1996

    Google Scholar 

  40. Gosselink JW, Stork WHJ, De Vries AF, Smit CH (1987) In: Delmon B, Froment GF (eds) Catalyst Deactivation 1987. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 279

    Google Scholar 

  41. Maxwell IE, Minderhoud JK, Stork WHJ, Van Veen JAR (1997) In: Ertl G, Knoezinger, Weitkamp J (eds) Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Vol 4, VCH-Wiley, Weinheim, pp 2017–2038

    Google Scholar 

  42. Van Dijk A, De Vries AF, Van Veen JAR, Stork WHJ, Blauwhoff PMM (1991) Catal Today 11:129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Ladeur P, Bijwaard H (1993) Oil Gas J, April 25, 64

    Google Scholar 

  44. Basta N, Reno M (1988) Chem Eng V93 N 32–33 (1/6/88)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Stork WHJ (1997) In: Froment GF, Delmon B, Grange P (eds) Hydrotreatment and Hydrocracking of Oil Fractions, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 41–67

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hoek A, Huizinga T, Esener AA, Maxwell IE, Stork WHJ, Van de Meerakker FJ, Sy O (1991) Oil Gas J, April 22, 77

    Google Scholar 

  47. European Patent Specificaton 0 683 218

    Google Scholar 

  48. O’Rear DJ (1987) Ind Eng Chem Res 26:2337

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Gosselink JW, Van de Paverd A, Stork WHJ (1990) In: Trimm DL et al. (eds) Catalysts in Petroleum Refining 1989, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 385

    Google Scholar 

  50. Schulz H, Weitkamp J (1972) Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Develop 11:46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Weitkamp J, Dauns H (1987) Erdöl, Kohle - Erdgas - Petrochem 40:111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Martens JA, Jacobs PA, Weitkamp J (1986) Appl Catal 20:239, 283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Jacobs PA, Martens JA (1991) In: van Bekkum H, Flanigen EM, Jansen JC (eds) Introduction to Zeolite Science and Practice, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 445

    Google Scholar 

  54. Coonradt ML, Garwood WE (1964) Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Dev 3:38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Minderhoud JK, Van Veen JAR (1993) First-stage hydrocracking: Process and catalytic aspects, Fuel Process Technol 35:87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Weisz PB (1962) Adv Catal 13:137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Nat PJ, Schoonhoven JWFM, Plantenga FL (1990) In: Trimm DL et al. (eds) Catalysts in Petroleum Refining 1989. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 399

    Google Scholar 

  58. Beuther H, Larson OA (1965) Ind Eng Chem Proc Des Dev 4:177

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Gosselink JW, Stork WHJ (1997) Ind Eng Chem Res 36:3354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Absi-Halabi M, Stanislaus A (1991) Appl Catal 72:193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. de Jong KP, Reinalda D, Emeis CA (1994) In: Delmon B, Froment GF (eds) Catalyst Deactivation. Stud Surf Sci Catal. Elsevier, Amsterdam 88:155

    Google Scholar 

  62. Hadjiloizou GC, Butt JB, Dranoff JS (1992) J Catal 135:481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Esener AA, Maxwell IE (1989) In: Occelli ML, Anthony RG (eds) Advances in Hydro-treating Catalysts. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 263

    Google Scholar 

  64. Maxwell IE, Van de Griend JA (1986) In: Murakami Y et al. (eds) New Developments in Zeolite Science and Technology, Proceedings of the 7th International Zeolite Conference. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 795

    Google Scholar 

  65. Van Veen JAR et al., to be published

    Google Scholar 

  66. Yan TY (1990) Ind Eng Chem Res 29:1995

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Dauns H, Ernst S, Weitkamp J (1986) Stud Surf Sci Catal 28 (New Developments Zeolite Science and Technol). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 787–794

    Google Scholar 

  68. Douwes CT, Hart M (1968) Erdöl, Kohle - Erdgas - Petrochem 21:202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Ward JW (1983) In: Poncelet G, Grange P, Jacobs PA (eds) Preparation of catalysts III. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 587

    Google Scholar 

  70. Occelli ML (1997) US Patent 5,614,453

    Google Scholar 

  71. Miale JN, Chen NY, Weisz PB (1966) J Catal 6: 278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Yan T (1983) Ind Eng Chem Proc Des Dev 22:154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Maxwell IE (1987) Catal Today 1:385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Nace DM (1970) Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Dev 9:203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Corma A, Kan Q, Navarro MT, Perez-Pariente J, Rey F (1997) Chem Mater 9: 2123–2126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Martens JA, Jacobs PA, this book, chap 2

    Google Scholar 

  77. Balkus KJ jr, Khanmamedova A, Gabrielov AG, Zones SI (1996) In: Hightower JW, Delgass WN, Iglesia I, Bell AT, Studies in Surface Scinece and Catalysis, vol 101, 1 1th International Congress on Catalysis, 40th Anniversary. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 1341–1348

    Google Scholar 

  78. US Patent Specification (1972) 3,702,818

    Google Scholar 

  79. Naber JE, Stork WHJ (1991) paper presented at the JECAT `91 Tokyo, Japan, 2–4 December

    Google Scholar 

  80. Foley RM, George SE (1991) NPRA Annual Meeting, March 17–19, paper AM 91–13

    Google Scholar 

  81. Nat PJ (1989) Erdöl, Kohle - Erdgas - Petrochem 42:447

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Goossens AG (1986) Hydrocarbon Processing, November, p 84

    Google Scholar 

  83. Ondrey G, Kim I, Parkinson G (1996) Chemical Engineering, June, 39

    Google Scholar 

  84. Doherty MF, Buzad G (1992) Trans Ichem 70:448

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Barchas R, Samarth R, Gildert G (1993) Fuels Reformulation 3:44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Hearn D, Putman HM (1997) PCT Patent WO 97/03149

    Google Scholar 

  87. Hickley TP, Adams JR (1994) US Patent 5,321,163

    Google Scholar 

  88. Sie ST (March 1995) NPT Processtechnologie, 9–13 (in Dutch)

    Google Scholar 

  89. Sie ST (April 1995) NPT Processtechnologie, 9–12 (in Dutch)

    Google Scholar 

  90. Krishna R, Sie ST (1994) Chemical Engineering Science 49:4029–4065

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Chen NY, Degnan TF (1988) Chem Eng Prog 84 (February 1988), 32–41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Andre J-P, Hahn S-K, Min W (1996) NPRA Annual Meeting, March 17–19, San Antonio, Texas, USA, AM-96–38

    Google Scholar 

  93. Everett GL, Suchanek A (1996) NPRA Annual Meeting, March 17–19,1996, Conventional Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA, AM-96–37

    Google Scholar 

  94. Qureshi WR, Howell RL, Hung C, Xiao J (1996) 2nd Annual Fuels and Lubes Asia Conference, Singapore, January 29–31

    Google Scholar 

  95. Rhodes AK 81997) Oil Gas J, Sept 1, 66–70

    Google Scholar 

  96. Appetiti A, Simola F, Binaco B (1990) NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, paper AM 90–43

    Google Scholar 

  97. Bryan FM, Chen NY, LaPierre RB, Pappal DA, Patridge RD, Wong SF (1995) HTI Quartely Refining, Autumn, 14–19

    Google Scholar 

  98. Farrell TR, Zakarian JA (1986) Oil Gas J 84(20):47

    Google Scholar 

  99. Miller SJ, Shippey, MA, Massada, NPRA Fuels and Lubriants National Meeting (Houston 11/5–6/1992), paper N.FL-92–109

    Google Scholar 

  100. Law DV (1993, October 19) Presentation at the Institute of Petroleum Economics of Refining Conference, London

    Google Scholar 

  101. Grootjans J, Sonnemans JWM (1991) Ketjan Catalysts Symposium, paper H-5

    Google Scholar 

  102. Homan Free HW, Schockaert T, Sonnemans JWM (1993) Fuel Processing Technology 35:111–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. Hargrove JD, Elkes GJ, Richardson AH (1979) Oil Gas J 77(3): 103

    Google Scholar 

  104. Chen NY, Gorring RL, Ireland HR, Stein TR (1977) Oil Gas J 75, June 6, p 165

    Google Scholar 

  105. Smith KW, Starr WC, Chen NY (1980) Oil Gas J 78, May 26, p 75

    Google Scholar 

  106. Chen NY, Schlenker JL, Garwood WE, Kokotailo GT (1984) J Catal 86:24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Rollmann LD, Walsh DE (1979) J Catal 56:139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Bendoraitis JG, Chester AW, Dwyer FG, Garwood WE (1986) In: Murakami Y, Iijima A, Ward JW (eds) Proceedings 7th International Zeolites Conference, Kodansha/Elsevier, Tokyo, p 669

    Google Scholar 

  109. Patent WO 92/01657

    Google Scholar 

  110. US Patent 5,135,638

    Google Scholar 

  111. Sivasanker S, Waghmare KJ, Reddy M, Ratnasamy P (1988) In: Proceedings 9th International Congress on Catalysis, Calgary, Vol 1, Phillips MJ, Ternan M (eds) The Chemical Institute of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, p 120

    Google Scholar 

  112. Maxwell IE, Stork WHJ (1999) In: Van Bekkum H, Flanigen EM, Jansen JC (eds) Introduction to Zeolite Science and Practice 2nd edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam, in preparation

    Google Scholar 

  113. Chen NY, Garwood WE (1986) Catal Rev-Sci Eng 28 (2–3):185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Chen NY, Maziuk J, Schwartz AB, Weisz PB (1968) Oil Gas J 66(47): 154

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Chen NY, Garwood WE, US Patent specification 3.379.640

    Google Scholar 

  116. Chen NY, Rosinski EJ, US Patent Specification 3.630.966

    Google Scholar 

  117. Roselius RR, Gibson KR, Orriiston RM, Maziuk J, Smith FM (1973) NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, April

    Google Scholar 

  118. Chen NY, US Patent Specification 3.729.409

    Google Scholar 

  119. Heinemann H (1977) Catal Rev-Sci Eng 15:53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Chen NY, Garwood WE, Haag WO, Schwartz AB (1979) paper presented at AIChE 72nd Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 25–29

    Google Scholar 

  121. Weisz PB (1980) Pure Appl Chem 52:2091

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Bonacci JC, Patterson JR, US Patent Specification 4.292.167

    Google Scholar 

  123. Gonzalez RG (1996) Hart’s fuel technology and management, November/December, p 56

    Google Scholar 

  124. WO 93/04146, world patent application

    Google Scholar 

  125. Hilbert TL, Durand PP, Sarli MS (1996) Hydrocarbon Asia, November/December, p 86

    Google Scholar 

  126. Salazar JA, Badra C, Perez JA, Palmisano E, Garcia W, Solari B (1996) Symposium on the removal of aromatics, sulfur and olefins from gasoline and diesel, presented at 212th national ACS Meeting, Division of petroleum chemistry, Orlando, FL, August 25–29

    Google Scholar 

  127. Fernandez PD, Schmidt RJ, Johnson BH, Rice LH (1988) NPRA Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, March 20–22, paper AM-88–45

    Google Scholar 

  128. Gosling C, Rosin R, Bullen P, Shimizu T, Imai T (1997) paper presented at the World Conference on Refining, Vehicle Technology and Fuel Quality, Brussels (Belgium), May 21–23. In addition, taking into account information obtained at SRTCA

    Google Scholar 

  129. Weitkamp J (1975) In: Ward JW (ed) Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking, ACS Symposium Series 20, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  130. Kuchar PJ, Bricker JC, Reno ME, Haizman RS (1993) Fuels Processing Technology, 35: 183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Sachtler WMH, to be published in Topics in Catalysis

    Google Scholar 

  132. Liu H, Lei GD, Sachtler WMH (1996) Applied Catalysis, A, 146 (1):165

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Blomsma E, Martens JA, Jacobs PA (1997) J Catal 165:241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Blomsma E, Martens JA, Jacobs PA (1996) J Catal 159:323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Blomsma E, Martens JA, Jacobs PA (1995) J Catal 155:141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Bloch HS, Haensel V, US Patent Specification 2.999.074

    Google Scholar 

  137. Raghuram S, Haizmann RS, Lowry DR, Schiferli WJ (1990) Oil Gas J, Dec 3, p 66

    Google Scholar 

  138. Stork WHJ, personal communication

    Google Scholar 

  139. Myers JW (1977) Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Develop 10(2):200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  140. Franck JP, Le Page J-F, Roumegous A (1981) In: Seiyama T, Tanabe K (eds) New Horizons in Catalysis, Studies Surf Sci Catal, vol 7. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 1018

    Google Scholar 

  141. Melchor A, Garbowski E, Mathieu MV, Primet M (1986) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1, 82:1893

    Google Scholar 

  142. endorf RL, Boskovic G, Butt JB (1990) Appl Catal 62:85 and references cited therein

    Google Scholar 

  143. Oil Gas Journal, April 7, 1997, p 41

    Google Scholar 

  144. Koradia PB, Kiovsky JR, Asim MY (1980) J Catal 66:290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Hays GR, Van Erp WA, Alma NCM, Couperus PA, Huis R, Wilson AE (1984) Zeolites 4:377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Guisnet M, Fouche V, Belloum M, Bournonville JP, Travers C (1991) Appl Catal 71:283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Guisnet M, Fouche V, Belloum M, Bournonville JP, Travers C (1991) Appl Catal 71:295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Gray JA, Cobb JT (1975) J Catal 36:125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Leglise J, Chambellan A, Cornet D (1991) Appl Catal 69:15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Leglise J, Goupil JM, Cornet D (1991) Appl Catal 69:33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Fajula F, Boulet M, Coq B, Rajaofanova V, Figueras F, des Courieres T (1993) In: Guczi L et al. (eds) New Frontiers in Catalysis, Proc 10th Int Congress on Catalysis, Juli 19–24, 1992, Budapest. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  152. Allain JF, Magnoux P, Schulz Ph, Guisnet M (1996) Proceedings DGMK Meeting, Berlin, March 14–15, pp 219–226

    Google Scholar 

  153. Leu L-J, lion L-Y, Kang B-C, Li C, Wu S-T, Wu J-C (1991) Appl Catal 69:49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Kumar Kunchal S, Dwyer FG, Ambler CP (1993) Paper AM 93–45 at the 1993 NPRA Annual Meeting, march 21–23, San Antonio, Texas, USA

    Google Scholar 

  155. Gialella RM, Mank L, Burzynski J-P, Duee D, Travers C (1993) Paper AM 93–15, presented at the NPRA Annal meeting, March 21–23, San Antonio, Texas, USA

    Google Scholar 

  156. Mooiweer HH, de Jong KP, Kraushaar-Czarnetski B, Stork WHJ, Krutzen BCH (1994) In: Weitkamp J, Karge HG, Pfeifer H, Hölderich W (eds) Zeolites and Related Microporous Materials: State of the Art 1994. Stud Surf Sci Cat, vol 84, pp 2327–2334. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  157. Powers DH (1993) Presentation O-1 at the 1993 DEWITT Petrochemical review, Houston, Texas, USA, March 23–25

    Google Scholar 

  158. Houzvicka J, Diefenbach O, Ponec V (1996) J Catal 164:288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Weitkamp J, Traa Y (1997) In: Ertl G, Knoezinger H, Weitkamp J (eds) Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, vol 4, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p 2039

    Google Scholar 

  160. Corma A, Martinez A (1993) Catal Rev-Sci Eng 35:483

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Guisnet M, Gnep NS (1996) Appl Catal A 146:33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Mesters CMAM, Peferoen DGR, Gilson JP, de Groot C, van Brugge PTM, de Jong KP (1996) In: Weitkamp J, Luecke B (eds) Proceedings of the DGMK Conference on Solid Acids and Bases, Berlin, March 14–15, DGMK, Hamburg, pp 57–58

    Google Scholar 

  163. Oil Gas J, 94(14): 69

    Google Scholar 

  164. Hughes TR, Buss WC, Tamm PW, Jacobson RL (1986) In: Murakami Y, Iijima A, Ward JW (eds) Proceedings 7th International Zeolites Conference, Kodansha/Elsevier, Tokyo, p 725

    Google Scholar 

  165. Bernard JR (1980) in Rees LUC (eds), Proc Fifth Intern Conf Zeolites, Heyden, London, p 686; see also ref. 170

    Google Scholar 

  166. Tamm PW, Mohr DH, Wilson CR (1988) Stud Surf Sci Catal 38 (Catalysis 1987) Elsevier, Amsterdam 335–353

    Google Scholar 

  167. Lane GS, Modica FS, Miller JT (1991) J Catal 129:142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  168. Derouane EG, Vanderkerken DJ (1988) Appl Catal 45:L15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  169. Davis RJ, Derouane EG (1991) Nature 349:313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Law DV, Tamm PW, Detz CM (1987) Energy Prog 7: 215–222

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Law DV, Tamm PW, Detz CM (1987) Spring Natinal meeting, AIChE, March 29-April 2, Houston, Texas

    Google Scholar 

  172. PCT WO 91/11501

    Google Scholar 

  173. Zones SS (1996) Paper S7b.2, Symposium Advanced Catalytic Materials, MRS Fall Meeting, Boston, USA, December 2–5

    Google Scholar 

  174. US Patent 5,328,595

    Google Scholar 

  175. Naber JE, Stork WHJ, Blauwhoff PMM, Groeneveld KJW (1991) Oil Gas European Magazine 1:26

    Google Scholar 

  176. Milan SN, Winquist BHC, Murray BD, Minderhoud JK, Del Paggio AA (1991) Reduction of aromatics in diesel fuel, a low pressure, two stage approach, Paper presented at the 1991 A1ChE Meeting in Houston, TX, April 8–12

    Google Scholar 

  177. Van den Berg JP, Lucien JP, Germaine G, Thielemans GLB (1993) Fuels Process Technol 35:119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  178. Stork WHJ (1997) Stud Surf Sci Catal 106:41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Dave D, Gupta A, Karlson K, Suchanek AJ, van Stralen H (1993) Paper AM 93–24 in the 1993 Spring Annual NPRA Meeting

    Google Scholar 

  180. Maiden CJ (1988) ChemTech, January, p 38

    Google Scholar 

  181. Maiden CJ (1988) In: Bibby DM, Chang CD, Howe RF,Yurchak S (eds) Methane Conversion. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  182. Zenn JZ (1988) ChemTech, January, p 42

    Google Scholar 

  183. Zenn JZ (1988) In: Bibby DM, Chang CD, Howe RF,Yurchak S (eds) Methane Conversion. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 663

    Google Scholar 

  184. Meisel SL, McCullough JP, Lechthaler CH, Weisz PB (1976) ChemTech, February, p 86

    Google Scholar 

  185. Chang CD, Silvestri AJ (1977) J Catal 47:249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Chang CD (1983) Hydrocarbons from Methanol. Dekker, New York

    Google Scholar 

  187. Chang CD (1983) Catal Rev Sci Eng 25:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Chang CD (1988) Stud Surf Sci Catal 36:127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Hutchins GJ, Hunter R (1990) Catal Today 6:279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  190. Yurchak S, Voltz SE, Warner JP (1979) Ind Eng Chem Process Des Dev 18:527

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Kam AY, Schreiner M, Yurchak S (1984) In: Meyers RA (ed) Handbook of Synfuels Technology. McGraw-Hill, New York, chaps 2–3

    Google Scholar 

  192. Penick JE, Lee W, Maziuk J (1983) In: Wei J, Georgakis C (eds) Chemical reaction engineering - plenary lectures, ACS Symposium Series 226, ACS, Washington DC, p 19

    Google Scholar 

  193. Yurchak S (1988) Stud Surf Sci Catal 36:251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Yurchak S (1988) In: Bibby DM, Chang CD, Howe RF, Yurchak S (eds) Methane Conversion. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 251

    Google Scholar 

  195. Krohn DE, Melconian MG (1988) In: Bibby DM, Chang CD, Howe RF, Yurchak S (eds) Methane Conversion. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 679

    Google Scholar 

  196. Lee W, Yurchak S, Daviduk N, Maziuk J (1980) A fixed-bed process for the conversion of methanol-to-gasoline, Paper presented at the NPRA Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 23–25

    Google Scholar 

  197. Tabak SA, Yurchak S (1990) Catal Today 6:307

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Allum KG, Williams AR (1988) In: Bibby DM, Chang CD, Howe RF, Yurchak S (eds) Methane Conversion. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 691

    Google Scholar 

  199. Liederman D, Jacob SM, Voltz SE, Wise JJ (1978) Ind Eng Chem Process Des Dev 17(3):340

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Lee W, Maziuk J, Thiemann WK (1978) Ein neuer Prozeß zur Umwandlung von Kohle in Ottokraftstoff, Paper presented at the 26th DGMK Meeting, Berlin, October 4–6

    Google Scholar 

  201. Edwards M, Avidan A (1986) Chem Eng Science 41(4): 729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  202. Maziuk J, Gould R, Keim KH, Gierlich R (1984) The methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) process, Paper presented at the PetroPacific `84 Converence, Melbourne, September 16–19; Keim KH, Maziuk J, Tonnesmann A (1984) Erdöl and Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie 37:558

    Google Scholar 

  203. Grimmer HR, Thiagarajan N, Nitschke E (1988) In: Bibby DM, Chang CD, Howe RF, Yurchak S (eds) Methane Conversion. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 273

    Google Scholar 

  204. Joenseni F, Kiilerich Hansen JR, Rostrup-Nielsen J, Skov A, Topp-Jorgensen J (1985) Conversion of synthesis gas to high octane gasoline, Paper presented at a Conference on large chemical plants, Antwerp, October 9–11

    Google Scholar 

  205. Topp-Jorgensen J (1988) In: Bibby DM, Chang CD, Howe RF, Yurchak S (eds) Methane Conversion. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 293

    Google Scholar 

  206. Chang CD, Kuo JCW, Lang WH, Jacob SM, Wise JJ, Silvestri AJ (1978) Ind Eng Chem Process Res Dev 17:255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Chang CD, Lang WH, Silvestri AJ (1979) J Catal 56:268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Schaper L, Sie ST (1977) Netherlands Patent Application 7.711.719 of 26/10/1977, assigned to Shell International Research Mij BV

    Google Scholar 

  209. Tabak S, Weiss GJ (1984) New synthetic fuel routes for production of gasoline and distillate, Paper presented at the Synfuels 4th Worldwide Symposium, Washington DC, November 7–9

    Google Scholar 

  210. Tabak SA (1984) New synthetic fuel routes for production of gasoline and distillate, Paper presented at the symposium Nonpetroleum Vehicular Fuels IV, Arlington, VA, April 16–18

    Google Scholar 

  211. Keim K-H, Krambeck FJ, Maziuk J, Tonnesmann A (1987) Erdöl Erdgas Kohle 103(2): 82

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Piciotti M (1997) Oil Gas J, June 30, 71

    Google Scholar 

  213. Garwood WE (1983) In: Stucky GD, Dwyer FG (eds) ACS Symposium Series 218, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, p 23

    Google Scholar 

  214. Tabak SA, Krambeck FJ, Garwood WE (1984) Conversion of propylene and butylene over ZSM-5 catalyst, Paper presented at the AICHE Meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 25–30

    Google Scholar 

  215. Avidan AA (1988) In: Bibby DM, Chang CD, Howe RF, Yurchak S (eds) Methane Conversion, Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 307

    Google Scholar 

  216. Miller SJ (1988) In: Ward JW (ed) Catalysis 1987. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 187–197

    Google Scholar 

  217. O’Connor, CT (1997) In: Ertl G, Knözinger H, Weitkamp J (eds) Handbook of Heterogeneous Catalysis, vol 5. Wiley-VCH Weinheim, pp 2380–2387

    Google Scholar 

  218. Chen CSH, Bridger RF (1996) J Catal 161(2):687

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Keskinen KM (1996) VTT Symposium, 163, 111–116; see also WO 9620988

    Google Scholar 

  220. Martens LR, Verduyn J, Mathijs GM (1997) Catal Today 36 (4):51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  221. Van den Berg JP, Roebschlager KHW, Maxwell IE (1989) The Shell Polygasoline and Kero (SPGK) process, Paper presented at the 1 P“ North American Catalysis Society Meeting, Dearborn, MI, May 7–11

    Google Scholar 

  222. van den Berg JP, Blauwhoff PMM (1991) The Shell Polygasoline and Kero process, Paper presented at the American Chemical Society Meeting, petroleum Chemistry Division, New York, NY, August 25–30

    Google Scholar 

  223. Stowe RA, Murchison CB (1982) Hydrocarbon Processing, January, p 147

    Google Scholar 

  224. Synfuls (1982) April 16, p I

    Google Scholar 

  225. Seddon D (1990) Catal Today 6:361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  226. Csicsery JM (1970) J Catal 17:207, 216, 315, 323; 18:30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Davies EE, Kolombos AJ (1976) British Patent Specification 53012/76, December 20, assigned to British Petroleum Co Ltd

    Google Scholar 

  228. Johnson JA, Weiszmann JA, Hilder GK, Hall AHP (1984) NPRA Annual Meeting, an Antonio, TX, March 25–27, paper AM 84–45

    Google Scholar 

  229. European Chemical News (1991) January 21

    Google Scholar 

  230. European Chemical News (1991) July 15, p 39

    Google Scholar 

  231. Hoelderich WF (1989) Stud Surf Sci Catal 49:69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  232. Hoelderich WF (1988) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 27:226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  233. Haag WO, Olson DH, Weisz PB (1984) Chem Future, Proceedings 29th IUPAC Congress, 1983, p 327

    Google Scholar 

  234. Beck JS, Haag WO (1997) In: Ertl G, Knözinger H, Weitkamp J (eds) Handbook of Heterogenous Catalysis, vol 5, Wiley- VCH, Weinheim, p 2123–2136

    Google Scholar 

  235. Bolton AP (1976) In: Rabo JA (ed) Hydrocracking, Isomerisation and other Industrial Processes, Zeolite Chemistry and Catalysis. ACS Monograph 171, American Chemcal Society, Washington DC, p 714

    Google Scholar 

  236. Dwyer FG, Lewis PJ, Schneider FM (1976) Chem Eng, January 5, p 90

    Google Scholar 

  237. Industrial News (1991) Appl Catal 72, 2, N14; Chem Eng (1990) September, p 19

    Google Scholar 

  238. Benthem MF, Gajda GJ, Jensen RH, Zinman HA (1996) Proceed. DGMK meeting, Berlin, March 14–15, pp 155–166

    Google Scholar 

  239. Meima GR, van der Aalst MJM, Samson MSU, Garces JM, Lee JG (1996) Proceed. DGMK Meeting Berlin, March 14–15, pp 125–138

    Google Scholar 

  240. Meima GR, van der Aalst MJM, Samson MSU, Garces JM, Lee JG (1992) In: von Ballmoos R, Higgins JB, Treacy MMJ (eds) Proceed 9th Int Zeolite Conf Montreal, Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, p 327

    Google Scholar 

  241. Chem Eng News 1995, December 18, p 12

    Google Scholar 

  242. Portela JAO, Hildreth JM (1994) de Witt Petrochem Rev, Houston, March 22–24, E1–22

    Google Scholar 

  243. Vora BV, Pujado PR, Imai AT, Fritsch TR (1990) Recent advances in the production of detergent olefins and linear alkylbenzenes. Soc of Chem Ind, University of Cambridge, England

    Google Scholar 

  244. Olson DH, Haag WO (1984) ACS Symposium Series, 89, p 267

    Google Scholar 

  245. Song C, Schobert HH (1993) Fuels Processing Technology 34:157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Song C, Kirby S (1993) Prepr Am Chem Soc Div Petr Chem 38:783

    Google Scholar 

  247. Lee GS, Maj JJ, Rocke SC, Garces JM (1989) Catal Letters 2 (4):243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Keading WW, Barile GC, Wu MM (1984) Catal Rev-Sci Eng 26:597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  249. Bhatia S (1990) Zeolite Catalysis: Principles and Applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL

    Google Scholar 

  250. See e.g., GB Patent Specification 9.011.412

    Google Scholar 

  251. Sie ST, de Vries AF, Mesters CMAM, Boon AQM, Bottenberg K, Trautrims B (1996) DGMK Conference “Catalysis on solid acids and bases”. March 14, 15, Berlin (Germany)

    Google Scholar 

  252. European Patent Specification 136.133

    Google Scholar 

  253. UK Patent Specification 2.042.490

    Google Scholar 

  254. Hoelderich W, Gallei E (1984) Chem-Ing-Tech 56(12):908

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. The Catalyst Review Newsletter (1990) 3(3):3

    Google Scholar 

  256. Gorra F, Breckenridge LL, Guy WWM, Sailor RA (1992) Oil Gas J, October 12, 60

    Google Scholar 

  257. Sheldon RA (1996) J Mol Catal A: Chemical 107:75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. Tuel A, Ben Taârit Y (1993) Appl Catal A: General 102:201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. European Patent Specification 102.655

    Google Scholar 

  260. US Patent Specification 4.396.783

    Google Scholar 

  261. Notari B (1988) Stud Surf Sci Catal 37:413

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. Roffla P, Leofanti G, Cesana A, Mantegazza M, Padovan M, Petrini G, Tonti S, Gervasutti V, Veragnolo R (1990) La Chimica & L’Industria 72:598

    Google Scholar 

  263. Mantegazza MA, Cesana A, Pastori M (1996) Topics in Cata13327–335

    Google Scholar 

  264. ECN Speciality Chemicals Suppl (1991) February, p 14

    Google Scholar 

  265. Ramaswamy AV, Sivasanker S (1993) Catal Lett 22:239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Ramaswamy AV, Sivasanker S, Ratnasamy P (1994) Microporous Materials 2:451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. Ratnasamy P, Kumar R (1995) In: Bonneviot L, Kaliaguine S (eds) Zeolites: A refined tool for designing catalytic sites, pp 367–376

    Google Scholar 

  268. Corma A, Navaro MT, Perez-Pariente J, Sanchez F (1994) In: Weitkamp J, Karge HG, Pfeifer H, Hölderich W (eds) Zeolites and Related Microporous Materials: State of the Art 1994. Stud Surf Sci Cat 84, Elsevier, pp 69–75

    Google Scholar 

  269. Taney PT, Chibwe M, Pinnavala TJ (1994) Nature 368:321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  270. Corma A, Navarro MT, Peres Pariente J (1994) Chem Soc, Chem Commun 147

    Google Scholar 

  271. Das TKR, Chaudhari K, Chandwadkar AJ, Sivasanker S (1995) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 2495

    Google Scholar 

  272. Kulawik K, Schulz-Ekloff G, Rathousky J, Zukal A, Had J (1995) Collect Czech Chem Commun 60:451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Parton RF, Jacobs JM, Huybrechts DR, Jacobs PA (1988) Stud Surf Sci Catal 46:163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  274. Tuel A, Moussa-Khouzami S, Ben Taarit Y, Naccache C (1991) J Mol Catal 68:45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Liu C, Ye X, Wu Y (1996) Catal Lett 35:263

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Dai P-SE, Petty RH, Ingram CW, Szostak R (1996) Appl Catal A 143:101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Sheldon RA (1981) In: Ugo R (ed) Aspects of Homogeneous Catalysis. Reidel, Dordrecht, 4, p 1

    Google Scholar 

  278. Sheldon RA (1991) Chemtech, September, p 566

    Google Scholar 

  279. Murugavel R, Roesky HW (1997) Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 36:477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. Knops-Gerrits PP, Vankelecom IFJ, Béatse E, Jacobs PA (1996) Catal Today 32:63–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. Mantegazza MA, Cesana A, Pastori M (1996) Topics in Catal 3:327–335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  282. Fetting F, Dingerdissen U (1992) Chem Eng Technol 15:202–212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. Deeba M, Ford ME, Johnson TA, Premecz JE (1990) J Mol Catal 60:11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Lequitte M, Figueras F, Moreau C, Hub S (1996) J Catal 163:255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. Benac BL, Knifton JF, Dai E, EP 0.587.424 Al (8–9–1993)

    Google Scholar 

  286. US Patent Specification 4.254.061

    Google Scholar 

  287. European Patent Specification 0.26.071

    Google Scholar 

  288. Keane M, Sonnichsen GC, Abrams L, Corbin DR, Gier TE, Shannon RD (1987) Appl Catal 32:361

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Mizuno N, Tabata M, Uematsu T, Iwamoto M (1993) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 89:3513

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  290. Mochida I, Yasutake A, Fujitsu H, Takeshita K (1983) J Catal 82:313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. European Patent Specification 125.616

    Google Scholar 

  292. Misono M, Nojiri N (1990) Appl Catal 64:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. Eller K, Kummer R, Stops P, PCT Patent WO 97/21661 (19–6–1997)

    Google Scholar 

  294. Eller K, Kummer R, Stops P, EP 0.778.259 A2 (11–6–1997)

    Google Scholar 

  295. Eller K, Kummer R, Stops P, EP 0.785.185 Al (23–7–1997)

    Google Scholar 

  296. Dingerdissen U, Eller K, EP 0.752.411 A2

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. P. M. M. Blauwhoff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. W. Gosselink
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. P. Kieffer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. S. T. Sie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. W. H. J. Stork
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Technische Chemie I, Universität Stuttgart, D-70550, Stuttgart, Germany

    Jens Weitkamp

  2. Bayer AG, Geschäftsbereich Chemikalien CH-F-FC, Gebäude G 8, D-51368, Leverkusen, Germany

    Lothar Puppe

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Blauwhoff, P.M.M., Gosselink, J.W., Kieffer, E.P., Sie, S.T., Stork, W.H.J. (1999). Zeolites as Catalysts in Industrial Processes. In: Weitkamp, J., Puppe, L. (eds) Catalysis and Zeolites. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03764-5_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03764-5_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08347-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-03764-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation