Abstract
Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) has been in use for more than 100 years. However, it fell into disfavor in the 1930s when compared to biological treatment because the large concentrations of metal salts produced large quantities of sludge. In the USA, most of the emphasis on chemical treatment has been on phosphorus removal after biological treatment. However, Scandinavian and other European countries are focusing on phosphorus removal before biological treatment. Again, large concentrations of metal salts are needed to achieve low phosphorus effluents. With the technological advancements in polymer chemistry, it has become worthwhile to revisit chemically enhanced primary wastewater treatment with total suspended solids (TSS) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal as the focus. By replacing some of the metal salt with polymers, significant increases in TSS and BOD removals, compared to conventional primary settling, are possible. In addition, these higher removals are obtained at overflow rates twice that of conventional primary settling.
The paper discusses the regulatory requirements in the United States and the role CEPT has played for three municipalities in meeting these requirements. Finally, the paper discusses the overall perception of CEPT in the USA and emphasizes a number of points important in implementing this process in the USA.
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Morrissey, S.P., Harleman, D.R.F. (1992). Retrofitting Conventional Primary Treatment Plants for Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment in the USA. In: Klute, R., Hahn, H. (eds) Chemical Water and Wastewater Treatment II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77827-8_26
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77827-8_26
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