Abstract
The translocation of nutrients between the partners is known to be a vital feature of the association in most symbioses involving close contact between the cells of the partners, and is probably important in all such associations. There is abundant evidence that this is a well-controlled process. Work so far suggests that, at least in marine invertebrates with algal symbionts, translocation is controlled largely by the animal host. In spite of much work in this area, the processes and signals involved are not well understood. This paper will examine evidence that even in the well-studied symbioses between invertebrates and dinoflagellates (“zooxanthellae”) the control of translocation is not as simple as suggested by the literature, and will discuss some directions for future research and some potentially useful models.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ALBERTE, R.S., L. CHENG & R.A. LEWIN (1986) Photosynthetic characteristics of Prochloron sp./ascidian symbioses I. Light and temperature responses of the algal symbiont of Lissoclinum patella. Mar. Biol. 90; 575–587.
BATTEY, J.F. & J.S. PATTON (1984) A reevaluation of the role of glycerol in carbon translocation in zooxanthellae-coelenterate symbiosis. Mar. Biol., 79:27–38.
BLANK, R.J. & R.K. TRENCH (1985) Speciation and symbiotic dinoflagellates. Science, 229:656–658.
BLANQUET, R.S., J.C. NEVENZEL & A.A. BENSON (1979) Acetate incorporation into the lipids of the anemone Anthopleura elegantissima and its associated zooxanthellae. Mar. Biol., 54:185–194.
BOYLE, J.E. & D.C. SMITH (1975) Biochemical interactions between the symbionts of Convoluta roscoffensis. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 189:121–135.
CARROLL, S. & R.S. BLANQUET (1984a) Alanine uptake by isolated zooxanthellae of the mangrove jellyfish, Cassiopea xamachana. I. Transport mechanisms and utilization. Biol. Bull. 166:409–418.
CARROLL, S. & R.S. BLANQUET (1984b) Alanine uptake by isolated zooxanthellae of the mangrove jellyfish, Cassiopea xamachana. II. Inhibition by host homogenate fraction. Biol. Bull., 166:419–426.
CERNICHIARI, E., L. MUSCATINE & D.C. SMITH (1969) Maltose excretion by the symbiotic algae of Hydra viridis. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 173:557–576.
CROSSLAND, C.J., D.J. BARNES & M.A. BOROWITZKA (1980) Diurnal lipid and mucus production in the staghorn coral Acropora acuminata. Mar. Biol. 60: 81–90.
DEANE, E.M. & R.W. O’BRIEN (1981) Uptake of sulphate, taurine, cysteine and methionine by symbiotic and free-living dinoflagellates. Arch. Microbiol., 128:311–319.
FISHER, C.R. & R.K. TRENCH (1980) In vitro carbon fixation by Prochloron sp. isolated from Diplosoma virens. Biol. Bull., 159:636–648.
GALLOP, A.M. (1974) Evidence for the presence of a ‘factor’ in Elysia viridis which stimulates photosynthetic release from its symbiotic chloroplasts. New Phytol., 73:1111–1117.
GRIFFITHS, D.J. & L. THINH (1983) Transfer of photosynthetically fixed carbon between the prokaryotic green alga Prochloron and its ascidian host. Aust. J. mar. freshwat. Res., 34:431–440.
HINDE, R. (1983) Host release factors in symbioses between algae and invertebrates. pp709–726 in H.E.A. Schenk & W. Schwemmler (eds) Endocyto-biology II — Intracellular space as oligogenetic system. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin & N.Y.
HOEGH-GULDBERG, I.O. (1981). The translocation of newly fixed carbon from zooxanthellae in Plesiastrea versipora, Pteraeolidia ianthina and a zoanthid. Unpublished thesis, University of Sydney.
HOEGH-GULDBERG, I.O. & R. HINDE (1986) Studies on a nudibranch that contains zooxanthellae. I. Photosynthesis, respiration and the translocation of newly fixed carbon by zooxanthellae in Pteraeolidia ianthina. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 228:493–509.
HOEGH-GULDBERG, I.O., R. HINDE & L. MUSCATINE (1986) Studies on a nudibranch that contains zooxanthellae. II. Contribution of zooxanthellae to animal respiration (CZAR) in Pteraeolidia ianthina with high and low densities of zooxanthellae. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 511–521.
HOEGH-GULDBERG, I.O. & D.C. Sutton Tissue extracts of four symbiotic invertebrates from temperate latitudes: effect on the photosynthesis and release of newly fixed carbon by isolated zooxanthellae. In preparation.
JENSEN, A. (1984) Excretion of organic carbon as function of nutrient stress. pp. 61–72 in Holm-Hansen, O., L. Bolis & R. Gilles (eds) Marine Phytoplankton and Productivity (Lecture Notes in Coastal and Estuarine Studies, No. 8). Springer Verlag, Berlin.
KELLOGG, R.B. & J.S. PATTON (1983) Lipid droplets, medium of energy exchange in the symbiotic anemone Condylactis gigantea: a model coral polyp. Mar. Biol., 75:137–149.
LEE, J.J., N.M. SAKS, F. KAPIOTOU, S.H. WILEN & M. Shilo (1984) Effects of host cell extracts on cultures of endosymbiotic diatoms from larger foraminifera. Mar. Biol., 82:113–120.
MEWS, L.K. (1980) The green hydra symbiosis. III. The biotrophic transport of carbohydrate from alga to animal. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 209:377–401.
MUSCATINE, L. (1967) Glycerol excretion by symbiotic algae from corals and Tridacna and its control by the host. Science, 156:516–519.
MUSCATINE, L. (1973) Nutrition of corals. pp.77–115 in Jones, O.A. & R. Endean (eds) Biology and Geology of Coral Reefs, 2(1). Academic Press, N.Y. & Lond.
MUSCATINE, L. & E. CERNICHIARI (1969) Assimilation of photosynthetic products of zooxanthellae by a reef coral. Biol. Bull. 137:506–523.
MUSCATINE, L., R.R. POOL & E. CERNICHIARI (1972) Some factors influencing selective release of soluble organic material by zooxanthellae from reef corals. Mar. Biol., 13:298–308.
MUSCATINE, L., J.E. BOYLE & D.C. SMITH (1974) Symbiosis of the acoel flatworm Convoluta roscoffensis with the alga Platymonas convolutae. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 187:221–234.
MUSCATINE, L., P.G. FALKOWSKI & Z. DUBINSKY (1983) Carbon budgets in symbiotic associations. pp.649–658 in Schenk, H.E.A. & W. Schwemmler (eds) Endocytobiology II — Intracellular space as oligogenetic system. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin & N.Y.
PÄTTON, J.S., S. ABRAHAM & A.A. BENSON (1977) Lipogenesis in the intact coral Pocillopora capitata and its isolated zooxanthellae: evidence for a light-driven carbon cycle between symbiont and host. Mar. Biol., 44: 235–247.
PATTON, J.S. & J.E. BURRIS (1983) Lipid synthesis and extrusion by freshly isolated zooxanthellae (symbiotic algae). Mar. Biol., 75:131–136.
PÄTTON, J.S., J.F. BATTEY, M.W. RIGLER, J.W. PORTER, C.C. BLACK & J.E. BURRIS (1983) A comparison of the metabolism of bicarbonate -14C and acetate 1-14C and the variability of speciec lipid compositions in reef corals. Mar.Biol., 75:121–130.
RUDMAN, W.B. (1982) The taxonomy and biology of further aeolid and arminacean nudibranch molluscs with symbiotic zooxanthellae. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. Lond., 74:147–196.
SMITH, D.C. (1974) Transport from symbiotic algae and symbiotic chloroplasts to host cells. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol., 28:485–520.
SMITH, D.C. & A.E. DOUGLAS (1987) The biology of symbiosis. Edward Arnold, London.
STEWART, C.L. (1986) An investigation of the carbon budget model for symbiotic corals. Unpublished thesis, University of Sydney.
SUMMONS, R.E. & C.B. OSMOND (1981) Nitrogen assimilation in the symbiotic marine alga Gymnodinium microadriaticum: direct analysis of 15 N incorporation by GC-MS methods. Phytochem., 20:575–578.
TAYLOR, D.L. (1973) Algal symbionts of invertebrates. Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 27: 171–187.
TRENCH, R.K. (1971a) The physiology and biochemistry of zooxanthellae symbiotic with marine coelenterates. I. The assimilation of photosynthetic products of zooxanthellae by two marine coelenterates. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 177:225–235.
TRENCH, R.K. (1971b) The physiology and biochemistry of zooxanthellae symbiotic with marine coelenterates. II. Liberation of fixed 14C by zooxanthellae in vitro. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 77:237–250.
TRENCH, R.K. (1979) The cell biology of plant-animal symbiosis. Ann. Rev. Pl. Physiol., 30:485–531.
VON HOLT, C. & M. VON HOLT (1968a) Transfer of photosynthetic products from zooxanthellae to coelenterate hosts. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 24: 73–81.
VON HOLT, C. & M. VON HOLT (1968b) The secretion of organic compounds by zooxanthellae isolated from various types of Zoanthus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 24:83–92.
YU, S.L. & W.E. DIETRICH (1977) Effect of host homogenates on photosynthate excretion by zoochlorellae of Hydra viridis. Proc. Pennsylvania Acad. Sci., 51:137–138.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hinde, R. (1988). Factors Produced by Symbiotic Marine Invertebrates which Affect Translocation between the Symbionts. In: Scannerini, S., Smith, D., Bonfante-Fasolo, P., Gianinazzi-Pearson, V. (eds) Cell to Cell Signals in Plant, Animal and Microbial Symbiosis. NATO ASI Series, vol 17. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73154-9_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73154-9_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-73156-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-73154-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive