Skip to main content

The Case for the Independence of Cycloid Psychotic Disorder from the Schizoaffective Disorders

  • Conference paper
Schizoaffective Psychoses

Abstract

More than 150 years after its establishment as an independent scientific discipline in German universities (Leipzig 1911; Würzburg 1934), psychiatry is still in a situation that could be defined as preparadigmatic (Pera 1982). In fact, the scenario is still dominated by conflicts among contrasting schools of thought as to the true essence of the major mental disorders, and by debates among clinicians on the correct interpretation and definition of terms currently used. An additional disturbing characteristic is the tendency among research workers to follow the circular pathway postulated for medicine by Francis Bacon in the seventeenth century, and to come back again and again to old positions. Examples of this tendency can be seen in the revival of a Kraepelinian conception of the boundaries of the endogenous psychoses (Peters 1983; Perris 1982) and in a renewed interest for Zeller’s and Griesinger’s concept of unitary psychoses (Einheitspsychose; Vliegen 1980). On the other hand, the very spirit of the present meeting bears witness to the terminological uncertainty that I have mentioned above and that has been debated so many times in the past (Strömgren 1969).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson EW (1938) A clinical study of states of ecstasy occurring in affective disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1: 80–99

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angelidis K (1953) Les psychoses combinées. Thesis, University of Athens

    Google Scholar 

  • Angst J (1966) Zur Ätiologie und Nosologie endogener depressiver Psychosen. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Angst J, Dittrich A, Grof P (1969) Course of endogenous affective psychoses and its modification by prophylactic administration of imipramine and lithium. Int Pharmacopsychiatry 2: 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Arkopowa IL (1965) Typologie der oneiroiden Katatonie. Z Neuropatol Phikhiiat 65: 1710–1716

    Google Scholar 

  • Armbruster B, Gross G, Huber G (1983) Long-term prognosis and course of schizoaffective, schizophreniform and cycloid psychoses. Psychiatr Clin 16: 156–168

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold OH (1966) Die nosologische Stellung der Gruppe der Legierungspsychosen. Wien Z Nervenheilkd 24: 14–20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold OH, Gastager H, Hofman G (1964) Klinische, psychopathologische und biochemische Untersuchungen an Legierungspsychosen. Wien Z Nervenheilkd 22: 301–361

    Google Scholar 

  • Barahona-Fernandes HJ (1957) Esquizofrenias agudas e holodisfrenias. An Portug Psiquiat 9: 142–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Barahona-Femandez HJ (1959) Classification of schizophrenias. Über Holodysphrenien. Int Congr Psychiatry, Zürich 1957. IV: 235–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckman L, Beckman G, Perris C (1980) Gc serum groups and schizophrenia. Clin Genet 17: 149–152

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Binswanger O (1928) Die klinische Stellung der Degenerationspsychosen. Zugleich ein Versuch ihrer Gliederung. Schweiz Arch Psychiatr Neurol 83 (3): 299–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Birnbaum K (1923) Der Aufbau der Psychosen. Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Blau A (1957) Benign schizophrenia. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 78: 605–611

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bleuler E (1960) Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie, 10th edn. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Boeters U (1971) Die oneiroiden Emotionspsychosen. Bibl Psychiatr 148, Karger, Basel

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonhoeffer K (1907) Klinischer Beitrag zur Lehre von den Degenerationspsychosen. Marhold, Halle

    Google Scholar 

  • Bovi A (1967) Considerazioni sulla nosografia psichiatrica. Le psicosi atipiche nella sistematica di Karl Leonhard. Giorn Psichiatr Neuropatol 95: 477–514

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brockington IF, Leff JP (1979) Schizoaffective psychosis: definitions and incidence. Psychol Med 9: 91–99

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brockington IF, Kendell RE, Wainwright S (1980) Manic patients with schizophrenic or paranoid symptoms. Psychol Med 10:73–83, 665–675

    Google Scholar 

  • Brockington IF, Perris C, Kendell RE, Hillier VE, Wainwright S (1982a) The course and outcome of cycloid psychosis. Psychol Med 12: 97–105

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brockington IF, Perris C, Meltzer HY (1982b) Cycloid psychoses. Diagnosis and heuristic value. J Nerv Ment Dis 170: 651–656

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cabaleiro-Goas M (1968) Las psicosis marginales y atipicas endogenas, el concepto de psicosis mixtas y los syndromes esquizofrenoides, maniformes y seudodepresivos. Folia Neuropsiquiat Sur Este Espana 3: 25–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter WT, Strauss JS, Muleh S (1973) Are there pathognomonic symptoms in schizophrenia? Arch Gen Psychiatry 28: 847–852

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clayton P, Rodin L, Winokur G (1968) Family history studies: III schizoaffective disorder, clinical and genetic factors including a one to two year follow-up. Compr Psychiatry 9: 31–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper JE, Kendell RE, Gurland BJ, Sharpe L, Copeland JRM, Simon R (1972) Psychiatric diagnosis in New York and London. Oxford University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutting JC, Clare AW, Mann AH (1978) Cycloid psychosis: an investigation of the diagnostic concept. Psychol Med 8: 637–648

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elsässer G (1950) Über “atypische“ endogene Psychosen. Nervenarzt 21:194–196

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elsässer G, Colmant H (1958) Atypische phasenhafte Familienpsychosen. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr Z Gesamte Neurol 197: 185–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Elsässer G, Lehmann H, Pohlen M, Scheid T (1971) Die Nachkommen geisteskranker Elternpaare. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatry 39: 495–522

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewald G (1925) Über die Motilitätspsychose. Arch Psychiatry Nervenkr 76: 233–252

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewald G (1928) Mischpsychose, Degenerationspsychose. Aufbau. Monatsschr Psychiat Neurol 68: 157–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Ey H, Bernhard P, Brisset CH (1978) Manuel de psychiatrie. Masson, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Faergeman PM (1945) De psykogene psykoser. Copenhagen, Munksgaard. Translation: Psychogenic psychoses. Butterworths, London, 1963

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish F (1962) Schizophrenia. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore

    Google Scholar 

  • Fish F (1964) The cycloid psychoses. Compr Psychiatry 5: 155–169

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler RC (1978) Remitting schizophrenia as a variant of affective disorder. Schizophr Bull 4: 68–76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler RC, McCabe MS, Cadoret RJ, Winokur G (1972) The validity of good prognosis schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 26: 182–185

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fünfgeld E (1936) Die Motilitätspsychosen und Verwirrtheiten. Karger, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Further H (1961) Eine Gruppe atypischer endogener Psychosen in der Sicht zweier psychiatrischer Schulen. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychiatry 13: 324–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujii H, Wakoh T, Hatotani N (1983) Clinical course and prognosis of periodic psychoses. In: Hatotani N, Nomura J (eds) Neurobiology of periodic psychoses. Igaku-Shoin, Tokyo, pp 67–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamkrelidse SA (1978) Die klinisch-psychopathologischen Besonderheiten der akuten atypischen Affektpsychosen mit zirkulärem Verlauf. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol 30: 209–216

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giannini A, Bellini S, Pardera G (1963) Su di un caso di „Glück-Psychose“. Neuropsichiatria XXIX: 138–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Giljarowski WA (1960) Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie, 4th edn. Berlin, Verlag Volk und Gesundheit

    Google Scholar 

  • Grattarola FR, Donegan G (1960) Psicosi endogene atipiche. Rev Patol Nerv Mental 81:1: 253–280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grossman LS, Harrow M, Lechert Fudala J, Meltzer HY (1984) The longitudinal course of schizoaffective disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis 172: 140–149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gyârfâs K (1939) Beiträge zur Frage des Oneiroid. Allg Z Psychiatry 111: 233–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatotani N, Nomura J (1983) Neurobiology of periodic psychoses. Igaku-Shoin, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoch A (1921) Benign stupor: a study of new manic-depressive reaction type. Mac Millan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofman G, Kremser M, Katschning H, Scheiber V (1970) Prophylaktische Lithiumtherapie bei manisch-depressivem Krankheitsgeschehen und bei Legierungspsychosen. Int Pharmacopsychiatry 4: 187–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmboe R, Astrup C (1957) A follow-up study of 255 patients with acute schizophrenia and schizophrenform psychoses. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand [Suppl] 115

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt R, Appel K (1936) Prognosis in the psychoses lying midway between schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychoses. Am J Psychiatry 93: 313–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaspers K (1923) Allgemeine Psychopathologie. Translation: General psychopathology. University of Manchester Press, Manchester

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson-Sabine EC, Mann AH, Jacoby RJ, Wood KH, Peron-Magnan P, Oliü JP, Deniker P (1983) Bouffüe dülirante: an examination of its current status. Psychol Med 13:771–778

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasann J (1933) The acute schizo-affective psychoses. Am J Psychiatry 13: 97–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Khaletskii AM (1970) A change of syndromes in the development of periodical psychoses (in Russian). Z Neuropat i psikhiiat 70: 556–560

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirby GH (1913) The catatonic syndrome and its relation to manic-depressive insanity. J Nerv Ment Dis 40: 694–704

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirow K (1972a) Untersuchungen über den Verlauf zykloider Psychosen. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol 24: 726–732

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirow K (1972b) Untersuchung über die Behandlung atypischer phasischer Psychosen. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol 24: 160–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleist K (1911) Die klinische Stellung der Motilitätspsychosen. Z Gesamte Neurol Psychiatr 3: 914

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleist K (1921) Autochthone Degenerationspsychosen. Z Gesamte Neurol Psychiatry 69: 1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleist K (1926) Über zykloide Degenerationspsychosen, besonders Verwirrtheits-und Motilitätspsychosen. Arch Psychiatry 78: 100–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleist K (1928) Über zykloide, paranoide und epileptoide Psychosen und über die Frage der Degenerationspsychosen. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatry 23: 3–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Kleist K (1953) Die Gliederung der neuropsychischen Erkrankungen. Mschr Psychiat Neurol 125: 526–554

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kraepelin F (1913) Psychiatrie — vol III, 8th edn. Barth, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Kretschmer E (1922) Medizinische Psychologie. Thieme, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • Krüger H (1968) Nachuntersuchungen bei Psychosen, die im Sinne der Kraepelin-Bleulerschen Psychiatrie als Schizophrenien aufgefaßt wurden. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol 20: 135–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurosawa R (1961) Untersuchung der atypischen endogenen Psychosen (periodische Psychosen). Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol 13: 364–370

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Labhardt F (1963) Die schizophrenieähnlichen Emotionspsychosen. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange V (1983) What can genetics contribute to reduce the problems of schizoaffective psychoses? Psychiatr Clin 16: 224–233

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langfeldt G (1937) The prognosis in schizophrenia and the factors influencing the course of the disease. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand [Suppl] 13: 1–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Legrain M (1886) Du de Tire chez les dégénérés. Deshaye and Lecrosnier, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonhard K (1934) Atypische endogene Psychosen im Lichte der Familienforschung. Z Gesamte Neurol Psychiatry 149: 520–562

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonhard K (1939) Das ängstlich-ekstatische Syndrom aus innerer Ursache (Angst-Eingebungspsychose) und äußerer Ursache (Symptomatische Psychosen). Allg Z Psychiatry 110: 101–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonhard K (1954) Die zykloiden, meist als Schizophrenien verkannten Psychosen. Psychol Neurol Med Psychol 9: 359–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonhard K (1957) Aufteilung der endogenen Psychosen. 1st-4th edn. Akademie, Jena. Translation: The classification of endogenous psychoses. 5th edn. Halsted, New York, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonhard K (1960) Die atypischen Psychosen und Kleists Lehre von den endogenen Psychosen. In: Psychiatrie der Gegenwart, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, pp 147–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonhard K (1962) Die Angst-Glücks-Psychose Beers’, des Begründers der Psychohygiene-Bewegung. Nervenarzt 33: 172–176

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonhard K (1967) Prognostische Diagnostik der endogenen Psychosen unter Bezugnahme auf die zykloiden Psychosen. Wien Z Nervenheilkd 24: 282–296

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonhard K (1973) Zur Frage einer psychiatrischen Nosologie nach Symptombild und Verlauf. In: Glatzel J (ed) Gestaltwandel psychiatrischer Krankheitsbilder. Schattauer, Stuttgart, pp 17–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonhard K (1981) Twin investigations on the basis of a differentiated nosology of the endogenous psychoses (biological and environmental influences). In: Perris C, Struwe G, Janson B (eds) Biological psychiatry 1981. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 36–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonhard K (1983) Is the concept of schizoaffective psychoses prognostically of value? Psychiatr Clin 16: 178–185

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leonhard K, Trostorff S (1964) Prognostische Diagnose der endogenen Psychosen. Fischer, Jena

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnan V (1893) Leçons cliniques, 2nd edn. Bataille, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Maj M (1984 a) The evolution of some European diagnostic concepts relevant to the category of schizoaffective psychoses. Psychopathology 17:158–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Maj M (1984 b) Evolution of the American concept of schizoaffective psychosis. Neuropsychobiology 11:7–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Maj M (1984c) Effectiveness of lithium prophylaxis in schizoaffective psychoses: application of a polydiagnostic approach. Acta Psychiatr Scand 70: 228–234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maj M (1985) Clinical course and outcome of schizoaffective disorders: a three-year follow-up study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 72: 542–550

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maj M, Perris C (1985) An approach to the diagnosis and the classification of schizoaffective disorders for research purposes. Acta Psychiatr Scand 72: 405–413

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marneros A (1984) Frequency of occurrence of Schneider’s first rank symptoms in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiat Neurol Sci 234: 78–82

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattsson B, Perris C (1973) Cycloid psychoses: aspects of therapy and possible prevention of relapses. Nord Psykiat Tidsskr 27: 386–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer-Gross W (1924) Selbstschilderung der Verwirrtheit. Die oneoiride Erlebnisform. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer-Gross W (1932) Mischpsychosen. In: Bumke Q (ed) Handbuch der Geisteskrankheiten, vol IX. Springer, Berlin, p 482

    Google Scholar 

  • Meynert (1890) Klinische Vorlesungen über Psychiatrie auf wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen für Studierende und Ärzte, Juristen und Psychologen. Braumüller, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Morel BA (1860) Traité des maladies mentales. Masson, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Panayotopoulos D, Abraham G (1964) Formes périodiques de la schizophrénie. Annu Med Psychol 122: 193–220

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papadimitriou G (1955) Les syndromes périodiques non maniaques dépressifs. Annu Med Psychol 113: 424–460

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pardera G, Giannini A, Bellini S (1963) Considerazioni su di caso di psicosi della motilità. Neo-psichiatria 29: 330–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Pera M (1982) Metodologia della scienza e filosofia della mente. La psichiatria al bivio. In: Andreoli V (ed) Controversie in Psichiatria. Masson-Italia, Milano, pp 85–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Perris C (1973a) Cycloid psychoses. Historical background and nosology. Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr 27: 369–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Penis C (1973b) The genetics of affective disorders. In: Mendels J (ed) Biological psychiatry. Wiley, New York, pp 385–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Penis C (1974) A study of cycloid psychoses. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Suppl] 253

    Google Scholar 

  • Perris C (1978) Morbidity suppressive effect of lithium carbonate in cycloid psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35: 328–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Perris C (1982) Clinical prediction of outcome of psychotic conditions. The limits of schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis. In: WHO, ADA MHA (eds) Mental disorders, alcohol-and drug-related problems. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 227–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Penis C (1984a) The independence of cycloid psychosis from schizophrenia and affective psychosis. Read at National Congress of Hungarian Society of Neurology and Psychiatry, Budapest, November 22–25, 1984. Ideggyügyüszati Szemle

    Google Scholar 

  • Perris C (1984b) Relation of cycloid psychoses to schizophrenic disorders of schizoaffective type. In: Proceeding of International Symposium on “Schizophrenia”, Athens, October 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Perris C (1984c) Cycloid psychosis: issues of diagnosis and of treatment. Read at XIV CINP congress, Florence, Italy, June 5–7, 1984. Int J Psychiatr Biol Ther

    Google Scholar 

  • Penis C, Brockington IF (1981) Cycloid psychoses and their relation to the major psychoses. In: Perris C et al. (eds) Biological psychiatry 1981. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 447–450

    Google Scholar 

  • Perris C, Eisemann M (1980) Serum groups in psychiatric disorders of the affective, cycloid and schizophrenic type. In: Brambilla F et al. (eds) Progress in psychoneuroendocrinology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 499–505

    Google Scholar 

  • Perris C, Eisemann M (1984) Über zykloide Psychosen and deren Stellung im Rahmen der Klassifikation endogener Psychosen. Read at the Symposium on „Zur Klassifikation endogener Psychosen.“ East-Berlin, March 21, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Perris C, Penis H (1978) Status within the family and early life experiences in patients with affective disorders and cycloid psychoses. Psychiatr Clin 11: 155–162

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perris C, Perris H (1981) Cycloid psychosis — its definition and its relation to germane diagnostic concepts. Read at the 3rd int congr Japan soc biol psychiatry, Kyoto, October 23–25, 1981

    Google Scholar 

  • Perris C, Smigan L (1984) The use of lithium in the long-term morbidity suppressive treatment of cycloid and schizoaffective psychoses. In: Pichot P, Berner P, Wolf R, Thau K (eds) Psychiatry: the state of the art, vol 3, pharmacopsychiatry. Plenum, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Perris C, Strandman E, Wählby L (1979) HLA antigens in affective disorders and cycloid psy- choses. In: Saletu B (ed) Neuro-psychopharmacology. Pergamon, Oxford, pp 205–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters UH (1983) On the reason why psychiatry in 80 years could not integrate schizoaffective psychoses. Can it now? Psychiatr Clin 16: 103–108

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pethö B (1983) Concepts of schizoaffective psychoses. History, construct validity and some empirical data. Psychiatr Clin 16: 71–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Pichot P (1982) The diagnosis and classification of mental disorders in French-speaking countries: background, current views and comparison with other nomenclatures. Psychol Med 12: 475–492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pohlisch K (1925) Der hyperkinetische Symptomenkomplex and seine nosologische Stellung. Karger, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Polonio P (1953) Cycloid psychosis and reactions. An Portug Psiquiat 5: 43–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Polonio P (1954) Periodic schizophrenia. Monatsschr Psychiat Neurol 128: 265–272

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polonio P (1957) A structural analysis of schizophrenia. Psychiatr Neurol (Basel) 133: 351–379

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Procci WR (1976) Schizo-affective psychosis: fact or fiction. Arch Gen Psychiatry 33: 1167–1178

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pull CB, Pull MC, Pichot P (1983) Nosological position of schizoaffective psychoses in France. Psychiatr Clin 16: 141–148

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rachlin HL (1935) A follow-up study of Hoch’s benign stupor cases. Am J Psychiatry 92: 531–558

    Google Scholar 

  • Retterstöl N (1978) The Scandinavian concept of reactive psychosis, schizophreniform psychosis and schizophrenia. Psychiatr Clin 11: 180–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritter MR, Kleist K (1956) Psychosen der Ratlosigkeit. Arch Psychiatr Z Gesamte Neurol 195: 163–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohr K (1961) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der sogenannten schizophrenen Reaktion. Arch Psychiatr Z Gesamte Neurol 201: 626–647

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rojas L (1949) Psicosis de motilidad. Acta Luso-Esp Neurol Psiquiat 8: 207–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi R, Delmonte P (1970) Die cycloide Psychose in den italienischen diagnostischen Modellen. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol 22: 289–293

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi R, Sacco G (1964) Psicosi cicloidi e psicosi psicogene. Lay Neuropsichiat 35: 535–564

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth M, McClelland H (1979) The relationship of “nuclear” and “atypical” psychoses. Psychiatr Clin 12: 23–54

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rümke HC (1923) Phaenomenologische en klinisch-psychiatrische studie over geluksgevoel. ( Proefschrift) Ijdo, Leiden

    Google Scholar 

  • Rümke HC (1958) Die klinische Differenzierung innerhalb der Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Nervenarzt 29: 49–53

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sahli HR (1959) Übergänge manisch-depressiver und schizophrener Verläufe. Psychiatr Neurol 138: 98–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Scharfetter C, Nüsperli M, Hurwitz E (1979) Die sogenannte schizophrene Reaktion: Eine Nachuntersuchung nach 20 Jahren. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 226: 347–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider K (1946) Klinische Psychopathologie. Ital translation: psicopatologia clinica. Sansoni, Firenze

    Google Scholar 

  • Schröder P (1918) Ungewöhnliche periodische Psychosen. Monatsschr Psychiat Neurol 44: 261–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Schröder P (1920) Degeneratives Irresein und Degenerationspsychosen. Z Gesamte Neurol Psychiatry 60: 119–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Schröder P (1926) Über Degenerationspsychosen (Metabolische Erkrankungen). Z Geamte Neurol Psychiatry 105: 539–547

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulze HAF, Neumann J (1966) Auswirkungen der Psychopharmakotherapie auf die differenzierte Diagnostik der endogenen Psychosen. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol 18: 179–182

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwab H (1949) Zur Frage der echten zirkulär-schizophrenen „Misch-psychose“. Allg Z Psychiatry 125: 101–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Shneshnewsky AV (1972) Schizophrenia. Medicina, Moscow (in Russian )

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith JC (1925) Atypical psychoses and heterologous hereditary taints. J Nerv Ment Dis 62: 232

    Google Scholar 

  • Solé-Sagarra J (1960) Über die Diagnose der atypischen endogenen Psychosen. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol 12: 183–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Solér-Viíïolo M (1957) Revision de diez casos de psicosis de expresión. Proc VI Congr Nac Espan Neuropsiquiat: 493–497 (reprint)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens JH, Astrup C (1963) Prognosis in process and non-process schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 119: 945–953

    Google Scholar 

  • Stephens JH, Shaffer SW, Carpenter WT (1982) Reactive psychoses. J Nerv Ment Dis 170: 657–663

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Störring GE (1939) Wesen und Bedeutung des Symptoms der Ratlosigkeit bei psychischen Erkrankungen. Thieme, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Störring GE, Suchenwirth R, Völkel H (1962) Emotionalität und cycloide Psychosen. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol 14: 85–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Strömgren E (1965) Schizophreniform psychoses. Acta Psychiatr Scand 40: 483–489

    Google Scholar 

  • Strömgren E (1969) Uses and abuses of concepts in psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 126: 777–738

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strömgren E (1972) Atypische Psychosen. Reaktive (psychogene) Psychosen. Klinische Psychiatrie. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 141–152 (Psychiatrie der Gegenwart, vol 1 )

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor MA, Abrams R (1975) Manic-depressive illness and good prognosis schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 132: 741–742

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuang MT (1979) Schizoaffective disorder: dead or alive? Arch Gen Psychiatry 36: 633–634

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsuang MT, Dempsey M, Rauscher F (1976) A study of “atypical schizophrenia.” Arch Gen Psychiatry 33: 1157–1160

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulezko AV (1971) Depressive symptomatological structure in mono-and bipolar affective and in schizoaffective psychoses. Z neuropat i psikhiat 71: 1672–1677

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaillant GE (1964) An historical review of the remitting schizophrenias. J Nerv Ment Dis 138: 48–56

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vliegen J (ed) (1980) Die Einheitspsychose. Enke, Stuttgart

    Google Scholar 

  • von Trostorff S (1968) Über die hereditäre Belastung bei den zykloiden Psychosen, den unsystematischen und den systematischen Schizophrenien. Psychiatr Neurol Med Psychol 20: 98–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Weitbrecht HJ (1968) Ekstatische Zustände bei Schizophrenen. In: Spoerri Th (ed) Beiträge zur Ekstase. Karger, Basel, pp 115–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiner J, Strömgren E (1958) Clinical and genetic studies on benign schizophreniform psychoses based on a follow-up. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand 33: 377–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Wernicke C (1900) Grundriß der Psychiatrie. Thieme, Leipzig

    Google Scholar 

  • Wimmer A (1916) Psykogene sindsygdomsformer. St Hans Hospital jubilee publiation. Gad, Copenhagen

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N (1974) The measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyrsch J (1937) Über Mischpsychosen. Z Gesamte Neurol Psychiatry 159: 668–693

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin-Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Perris, C. (1986). The Case for the Independence of Cycloid Psychotic Disorder from the Schizoaffective Disorders. In: Marneros, A., Tsuang, M.T. (eds) Schizoaffective Psychoses. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71443-6_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71443-6_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-71445-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-71443-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics