Skip to main content

Management Aspect for Crop Production

  • Conference paper
Soil Salinity under Irrigation

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 51))

Abstract

Loss of crop productivity from excess soil salinity is a worldwide problem. In arid and semi-arid regions salinity is a continual threat; but even in humid areas salinity is a hazard when irrigating with brackish water or treated sewage effluent, or because of seawater intrusion. Although soil salinity can sometimes be moderated by applying appropriate water management practices, adverse levels of soil salinity are often difficult to prevent because of a lack of nonsaline irrigation water or because of other physical constraints.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References to Chapter 8

  • Avnimelech Y, Eden I (1970) The effect of soil: water ratios on the agronomic significance of the electrical conductivity of saturated paste extracts. Soil Sci Plant Annal 1: 221–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayers AD, Wadleigh CH, Magistad DC (1943) The interrelationship of salt concentration and soil moisture content with the growth of beans. Am Soc Agron J 35: 796–810

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ayers RS, Westcot DW (1976) Water quality for agriculture. FAO, Irrig Drain Pap 29

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayoub AT (1977) Some primary features of salt tolerance in Senna (cessia acutifolia). J Exp Bot 28: 484–492

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bar Yosef B (1977) Trickle irrigation and fertilization of tomato in sand dunes: Water, N and P distribution in the soil and uptake by plants. Agron J 69: 486–491

    Google Scholar 

  • Baum EL, Heady EO, Blackmore J (1956) Methodological procedure in the economic analysis of fertilizer use data. Iowa State College Press, Ames

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein L (1964) Salt tolerance of plants. US Dep Agric, Inf Bull 283

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein L, Fireman M (1957) Laboratory studies on salt distribution in furrow irrigated soil with special reference to pre-emergence period. Soil Sci 83: 249–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein L, Francois LE (1973 a) Comparison of drip, furrow, and sprinkler irrigation. Soil Sci 115: 73–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein L, Francois LE (1973 b) Leaching requirement studies: sensitivity of alfalfa to salinity of irrigation and drainage waters. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 37: 931–943

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein L, Francois LE (1975) Effect of frequency of sprinkling with saline waters compared with daily drip irrigation. Agron J 67: 185–190

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein L, Hayward HE (1958) Physiology of salt tolerance. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 9: 25–46

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein L, Pearson GA (1954) Influence of integrated moisture stress achieved by varying the osmotic pressure of culture solution on growth of tomato and pepper plants. Soil Sci 77: 355–368

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein L, Francois LE, Clark RA (1974) Interactive effects of salinity and fertility on yields of grain and vegetables. Agron J 66: 412–421

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein L, Francois LE, Clark RA (1975) Minimal leaching with varying root depths of alfalfa. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 39: 112–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Bingham FT, Garber MJ (1970) Zonal salinization of the root system with NaCl and Boron in relation to growth and water uptake of corn plants. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 34: 122–126

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black CA (1968) Soil plant relationships, 2nd edn. John Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bliesner RD, Hanks RJ, King LG, Willardson LS (1977) Effects of irrigation management on the quality of irrigation return flow. Soil Sci Soc Am J 41: 424–428

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bower CA, Wadleigh CH (1948) Growth and cationic accumulation by four species of plants as influenced by various levels of exchangeable sodium. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 13: 218–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Bower CA, Ogata G, Tucker JM (1969) Rootzone salt profiles and alfalfa growth as influenced by irrigation water salinity and leaching fraction. Agron J 61: 783–785

    Google Scholar 

  • Bresler E, McNeal BL, Carter DL (1982) Saline and sodic soils: principles-dynamics-modeling. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Briggs LJ, Shantz HL (1913) The water requirements of Plants. II. A review of literature. US Dep Agric, Bur Plant Ind Bull 285

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown JW, Bernstein L (1953) Salt tolerance of grasses: effects of variations in concentrations of sodium, calcium, sulfate and chloride. US Salinity Laboratory Report to Collaborates, Riverside, Cal, pp 44–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown JW, Hayward HE (1956) Salt tolerance of alfalfa varieties. Agron J 48: 12–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Cerda A, Bingham FT (1978) Yield, mineral composition and salt tolerance of tomato and wheat, as affected by NaCl and P nutrition. Agrochimica 22: 140–148

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Champagnol F (1979) Relationships between phosphate nutrition of plants and salts toxicity. Phosphorus Agric 76: 35–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Childs SW, Hanks RJ (1975) Model for soil salinity effects on crop growth. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 39: 617–622

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Childs SW, Gilley JR, Splinter WE (1977) A simplified model of corn growth under moisture stress. Trans ASAE 20: 858–865

    Google Scholar 

  • Daniel C, Wood FS (1971) Fitting equations to data. Wiley-Interscience, New York, p 342

    Google Scholar 

  • De Forges JM (1970) Research on the utilization of saline water for irrigation in Tunisia. Nat Resour 6: 2–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Devitt D, Jury WA, Sternberg P, Stolzy LH (1983) Comparison of methods used to estimate évapotranspiration for leaching control. Irrig Sci 4: 59–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglas TJ, Walker RR (1983) 4-desmethylsterol composition of citrus rootstock of different salt exclusion capacity. Aust J Agric Res 34 (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dudley LM, Wagenet RJ, Jurinak J J (1981) Description of soil chemistry during transient solute transport. Water Resour Res 17: 1498–1504

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dumbroff EB, Cooper AW (1974) Effect of salt stress applied in balanced nutrient solutions at several stages during growth of tomato. Bot Gaz (Chicago) 135: 219–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Eaton FM (1941) Water uptake and growth as influenced by inequalities in the concentration of the substrate. Plant Physiol 16: 545–564

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton FM (1942) Toxicity and accumulation of chloride and sulfate salts in plants. J Agric Res 64:357– 399

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehlig LF, Bernstein L (1959) Foliar absorption of NaCl as a factor in sprinkler irrigation. Am Soc Hortic Sci 74: 661–670

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eizenman G (1960) On the elementary atomic origin of equilibrium ionic specificity. In: Kleinzeler A, Kotyk A (eds) Membrane transport and metabolism. Associated Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein E (1966) Dual pattern of ion absorption by plant cells and by plants. Nature (London) 212: 1324–1327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feinerman E, Yaron D, Bielorai H (1982) Linear crop response functions to salinity with a threshold salinity level. Water Resour Res 18: 101–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer RA, Hagen RM (1965) Plant water relations irrigation management and crop yield. Exp Agric 1: 161–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Francois LE (1981) Alfalfa management under saline conditions with zero leaching. Agron J 73: 1042–1046

    Google Scholar 

  • Frausto da Silva JJR, Williams RJP (1976) The uptake of elements by biological systems. Struct Bonding (Berlin) 29: 67–121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frenkel H, Mantel A, Meiri A (1982) Irrigation of cotton with salinesodic water using sprinkler and drip methods. Agric Res Org, Volcani Center. Inst Soil Water Res Rep 302/047 (Hebrew)

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg D, Shmueli M (1971) Sprinkler and trickle irrigation of green pepper in an arid zone. Hortic Sci 6: 559–564

    Google Scholar 

  • Gornat B, Goldberg D, Rimon D, Ben Asher J (1973) The physiological effect of water quality and method of application on tomato, cucumber and pepper. Am Soc Hortic Sci J 98: 202–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanks RJ (1974) Model for predicting plant growth as influenced by évapotranspiration and soil water. Agron J 66 (5): 660–665

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanks RJ, Andersen JC (1981) Physical and economic evaluation of irrigation return flow and salinity on a farm. In: Yaron D (ed) Salinity in irrigation and water resources. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 173–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanks RJ, Keller J, Rasmussen VP, Wilson GD (1976) Line source sprinkler for continuous variable irrigation-crop production studies. Soil Sci Soc Am J 40: 426–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanks RJ, Ashcroft GL, Rasmussen VP, Wilson GD (1978) Corn production as influenced by irrigation and salinity: Utah Studies. Irrig Sci 1: 47–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris FS, Pittman DW (1919) Relative resistance of various crops to alkali. Utah Agric Exp Stn Bull 168

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauser H, Finer EG, Derke A (1977) Crystalline anhydrous Ca phosphatidylserine bilayers. Biochem Biophys Res Commum 76: 267–274

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haywars HE, Long EM (1941) Anatomical and physiological responses of the tomato to varying concentrations of sodium sulphate and nutrient solutions. Bot Gaz (Chicago) 102: 437–462

    Google Scholar 

  • Hecht-Bucholtz C, Mix G, Marschner H (1974) Effect of NaCl on mineral contents and fine structure of cells in plant species with different salt tolerance. Proc 7th Int Colloq Plant Anal, Hannover, vol I, pp 147–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Helfrich F (1962) Ion exchange. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Heller J, Shalhevet J, Goel A (1973) Response of a citrus orchard to soil moisture and soil salinity. Ecological studies, vol IV. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 409–419

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoagland DR, Arnon DI (1938) The Water culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif Agric Exp Stn, Bull 347

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman GJ (1980) Irrigation management-salinity control. In: Irrigation, challenges of the 80s. Am Soc Agric Eng, Proc 2nd Natl Irrig Symp, p 166

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman GJ (1981) Alleviating salinity stress. In: Arkin JS, Taylor HM (eds) Modifying the root environment to reduce crop stress. ASAE Monogr, pp 305–343

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman GJ, Jobes J A (1978) Growth and water relation of cereal crops as influenced by salinity and relative humidity. Agron J 70: 765–769

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman GJ, Jobes JA (1983) Leaching requirement for salinity control. III. Barley, cowpea and celery. Agric Water Manag 6: 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman GJ, van Genuchten MTh (1983) Soil properties and efficient water use: management for salinity control. In: Taylor HM, Jordan W, Sinclair T (eds) Limitations to efficient water use in crop production. Am Soc Agron, Madison

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman GJ, Rawlins SL, Garber MJ, Cullen EM (1971) Water relations and growth of cotton as influenced by salinity and relative humidity. Agron J 63: 822–826

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman GJ, Jobes J A, Houscow Z, Maas EV (1978) Timing of environmental stress affects growth, water relation and salt tolerance of Pinto beans. Am Soc Agric Eng Trans 21: 713–718

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman GJ, Rawlins SL, Oster JD, Jobes JA, Merill SD (1979) Leaching requirement for salinity control. I. Wheat sorghum and lettuce. Agric Water Manag 2: 177–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman GJ, Maas EV, Priehard TC, Meyer JL (1983 a) Salt tolerance of corn in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. Irrig Sci 4: 31–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman GJ, Jobes JA, Alves WJ (1983 b) Response of tall fescue to irrigation water salinity, leaching fraction and irrigation frequency. Agric Water Manag 7: 439–456

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsiao TC (1973) Plant response to water stress. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 24: 519–570

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingvalson RD, Rhoades JD, Page AL (1976) Correlation of alfalfa yield with various index of salinity. Soil Sci 122: 145–153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen CR (1982) Effect of soil water osmotic potential on growth and water relationships of barley during soil water depletion. Irrig Sci 3: 111–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen ME (1968) Water consumption by agriculture plants. In: Kozlowski TT (ed) Water deficits and plant growth, vol II. Academic Press, London New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen ME (ed) (1980) Design and operation of farm irrigation systems. Am Soc Agric Eng, Monogr 3

    Google Scholar 

  • Jobes JA, Hoffman GJ, Wood JD (1981) Leaching requirement for salinity control. II. Oat, tomato and cauliflower. Agric Water Manag 4: 393–407

    Google Scholar 

  • Jury WA, Frenkel H, Devitt D, Stolzy LH ( 1978 a) Transient changes in the soil water system from irrigation with saline water. II. Analysis of experimental data. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42: 585–590

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jury WA, Frenkel H, Fluhler H, Devitt D, Stolzy LH (1978 b) Use of saline irrigation waters and minimal leaching for crop production. Hilgardia 46: 169–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Jury WA, Frenkel H, Stolzy LH (1978c) Transient changes in the soil water system for irrigation with saline water. I. Theory. Soil Sci Soc Am J 42: 579–585

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jury WA, Sinai G, Stolzy LH (1980) A proposal for reclamation by dilution of irrigation water. Irrig Sci 1: 161–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaddah T, Ghowal SI (1964) Salinity effects on the growth of corn at different stages of development. Agron J 56: 214–217

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kafkafi U, Bar Yosef B (1980) Trickle irrigation and fertilization of tomatoes in highly calcareous soils. Agron J 72: 893–897

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kafkafi U, Putter J (1965) Some aspects of sigmoidal yield response curves related to the geometry of granule fertilizer availability. Israel J Agric Res 15: 169–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Kafkafi U, Walerstein I, Feigenbaum S (1971) Effect of potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate on the growth, cation uptake and water requirement of tomato grown in sand culture. Israel J Agric Res 21: 13–20

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kafkafi U, Bar Yosef B, Hadas A (1978) Fertilization decision model - a synthesis of soil and plant parameters in a computerized program. Soil Sci 125: 261–268

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kafkafi U, Valoras N, Letey J (1982) Chloride interaction with nitrate and phosphate nutrition in tomato. J Plant Nutr 5: 1369–1385

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khalil MA, Amer F, Elgabally MM (1967) A salinity-fertility interaction study on corn and cotton. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 31: 683–686

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkby EA, Mengel K (1967) Ionic balance in different tissues of the tomato plant in relation to nitrate, urea or ammonium nutrition. Plant Physiol 42: 6–14

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkham MB, Gardner WR, Gerloff GC (1969) Leaf water potential of differently salinized plants. Plant Physiol 44: 1378–1382

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuiper PJC (1968) Ion transport characteristics of grape root lipids in relation to chloride transport. Plant Physiol 43: 1372–1374

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuiper PJC (1980) Lipid metabolism of higher plants in saline environments. Physiol Veg 18: 83–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulieva FB, Shamina ZB, Strogonov BP (1975) Effect of high concentration of sodium chloride on multiplication of cells of Crepis capillaris in vitro. Sov Plant Physiol 15: 890–894

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagerwerff JV (1957) Comparable effects of adsorbed and dissolved cations on plant growth. Soil Sci 88: 63–69

    Google Scholar 

  • LaHaye PA, Epstein E (1969) Salt toleration by plants: enhancement with calcium Science 166: 395–396

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long EM (1943) The effect of salt additions to substrate on intake of water and nutrients by roots of approach-grafted plants. Am J Bot 30: 594–601

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lunin J, Gallatin MH (1965) Zonal salinization of the root system in relation to plant growth. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 29: 608–612

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lunin J, Gallatin MH, Batchelder AR (1961) Effect of stage of growth and time of salinization on growth and chemical composition of beans. I. Total salinization in one irrigation. Soil Sci 91: 194–202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lunin J, Gallatin MH, Batchelder AR (1963) Saline irrigation of several vegetable crops at various growth stages. I. Effect on yield. Agron J 55: 107–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Maas EV (in press) Salt tolerance of plants. In: Christie BR (ed) Handbook of plant science in agriculture. CRC Press Boca Raton Florida

    Google Scholar 

  • Maas EV, Hoffman GJ (1977) Crop salt tolerance - current assessment. J Irrig Drain Div ASCE 103: 115–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Maas EV, Nieman RH (1978) Physiology of plant tolerance to salinity. In: Crop tolerance to suboptimal land conditions. ASA, Madison, pp 277–299

    Google Scholar 

  • Maas EV, Clark RA, Froncois LE (1982 a) Sprinkling-induced foliar injury to pepper plants: effects of irrigation frequency, duration and water composition. Irrig Sci 3: 101–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Maas EV, Grettan SR, Ogata G (1982 b) Foliar salt accumulation and injury in crops sprinkled with sahne water. Irrig Sci 3: 157–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Maas EV, Hoffman GJ, Chaba GD, Poss JA, Shanon MC (1983) Salt sensitivity of corn at various growth stages. Irrig Sci 4: 45–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Magistad OC, Ayers AD, Wadleigh CH, Gauch HG (1943) Effect of salt concentration, kind of salt and climate on plant growth in sand cultures. Plant Physiol 18: 151–166

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marquardt DW (1963) An algorithm for least-squares estimation of non-linear parameters. J Soc Ind Appl Math 11: 431–441

    Google Scholar 

  • McCants CB, Black CA (1957) A biological slope ratio method for evaluating nutrient availability in soils. Proc Soil Sci Soc Am 21: 296–301

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McElgunn JD, Lawrence T (1973) Salinity tolerance of Altai wild rye-grass and other forage grasses. Can J Plant Sci 53: 303–307

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meiri A, Poljakoff-Mayber A (1970) Effect of various salinity regimes on growth, leaf expansion and transpiration rate of bean plants. Soil Sci 109: 26–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Meiri A, Shalhevet J (1972) Plant response to variation in soil salinity with time. Agric Res Org, Volcani Center, Inst Soil Water, Rep 72/12 (Hebrew)

    Google Scholar 

  • Meiri A, Shalhevet J (1973) Pepper plant response to irrigation water quality and timing of leaching. Ecological studies, vol IV. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 421–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Meiri A, Mor E, Poljakoff-Mayber A (1970) Effect of time of exposure to salinity on growth, water status and salt accumulation in bean plants. Ann Bot 34: 383–391

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meiri A, Kamburov J, Poljakoff-Mayber A (1971) The response of bean plants to sodium chloride and sodium sulphate salinization. Ann Bot 35: 837–847

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meiri A, Shalhevet J, Shimshi D, Tibor M (1980) Irrigation of spring potatoes with saline water. Agric Res Org, Volcani Center, Inst Soil Water, Annu Rep (Hebrew )

    Google Scholar 

  • Meiri A, Shalhevet J, Shimshi D, Tibor M (1982) Irrigation of spring potatoes with saline water. Agric Res Org, Volcani Center, Inst Soil Water, Annu Rep (Hebrew )

    Google Scholar 

  • Melamed D, Hanks RJ, Willardson LS (1977) Model of salt flow in soil with a source-sink term. Soil Sci Soc Am J 41: 29–33

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitcherlich EA (1909) Das Gesetz des Minimum und Gesetz des abnehmenden Bodenertrages. Land-wirtsch Jahrb 38: 537–552

    Google Scholar 

  • Molz FJ (1981) Models of water transport in the soil-plant system: a review. Water Resour Res 17: 1245–1260

    Google Scholar 

  • Nieman RH, Clark R A (1976) Interactive effects of salinity and phosphorous nutrition on concentrations of phosphate and phosphate esters in mature photosynthesizing corn leaves. Plant Physiol 57: 157–161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nimah MN, Hanks RJ (1972) Modelling subsurface return flows of Ashley Valley. Proc Natl Conf Manag Irrig Agric Improve Water Qual, Grand Junction, Colorado, pp 241–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Nimah MN, Hanks RJ (1973) Model for estimating soil water and atmospheric interrelation. II. Sci Soc Am Proc 37: 528–532

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogo T, Moriwaki S (1965) Relationship between certain nitrogen fractions in leaf blade of crops and salt tolerance. Shimane Agric Coll, Bull 13A, pp 5–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Osawa T (1965) Studies on the salt tolerance of vegetable crops with special reference to mineral nutrition. Bull Univ Osaka Pref Ser B 16: 13–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oster J, Rhoades JD (1975) Computation of soil solution composition variation with water content for desaturated soil. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 35: 436–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Oster JD, Willardson LC, van Schilfgaarde J, Goertzen JO (1976) Irrigation control using tensiometers and salinity sensors. Trans Am Soc Agric Eng 19: 294–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Pagano R, Thompson TE (1968) Spherical lipid bilayer membranes: electrical and isotopic studies on ion permeability. J Molec Biol 38: 41–57

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parra MA, Romero GC (1980) On the dependence of salt tolerance of beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L) on soil water matric potential. Plant Soil 56: 3–16

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ratner EI (1935) The influence of exchangeable sodium in the soil on its properties as a medium for plant growth. Soil Sci 40: 459–471

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ravikovitch S, Yoles D (1971) The influence of phosphorus and nitrogen on millet and clover growing in soils affected by salinity. I. Plant development. Plant Soil 35: 555–567

    Google Scholar 

  • Reeve RC, Doering EJ (1965) Sampling the soil solution for salinity appraisal. Soil Sci 99: 339–344

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades JD, Merrill SD (1976) Assessing the suitability of water for irrigation: Theoretical and empirical approaches. FAO Soils Bull 31: 69–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades JD, van Schilfgaarde J (1976) An electrical conductivity probe for determining soil salinity. Soil Sci Soc Am J 40: 647–651

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Richards LA (1966) A soil salinity sensor of improved design. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 30: 333–337

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robbins CW, Wagenet RJ, Jurinak J J (1980) A combined salt transport-chemical equilibrium model for calcareous and gypsiferous soils. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 44: 1191–1194

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson FE, Kemper WD, Colus HM, Schumaker G, Pugh WJ (1965) Requirements for achieving and maintaining uniformly low salt in a saline soil. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 29: 597–601

    Google Scholar 

  • Rush DW, Epstein E (1981) Comparative studies on the sodium, potassium and chloride relations of a wild halophytic and a domestic salt-sensitive tomato species. Plant Physiol 68: 1308–1313

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russo D (1983) Crop yield irrigation relationships in a gypsiferous-sodic soil. Agron J 75: 427–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Selassie TG, Wagenet RJ (1981) Interactive effect of soil salinity, fertility and irrigation interval on field corn. Irrig Sci 2: 67–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Sepaskhah AR, Boersma L (1979) Elongation of wheat leaves exposed to several levels of matric potential and NaCl-induced osmotic potential of soil water. Agron J 71: 746–752

    Google Scholar 

  • Shalhevet J (1973) Irrigation with saline water. In: Yaron B, Danfors E, Vaadia Y (eds) Arid zone irrigation. Ecological series, vol V. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 263–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Shalhevet J, Bernstein L (1967) Effects of vertically heterogeneous soil salinity on plant growth and water uptake. Soil Sci 106: 85–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Shalhevet J, Reiniger P (1964) The development of salinity profiles following irrigation of field crops with saline water. Israel J Agric Res 14: 187–196

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shalhevet J, Yaron B (1973) Effect of soil and water salinity on tomato growth. Plant Soil 39: 285–292

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shalhevet J, Reiniger P, Shimshi D (1969) Peanut response to uniform and non-uniform soil salinity. Agron J 61: 384–387

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shalhevet J, Mantel A, Bielorai H, Shimshi D (1976) Irrigation of field and orchard crops under semiarid conditions. Int Irrig Inf Center, Bet Dagan, Publ 1, p 132

    Google Scholar 

  • Shalhevet J, Heuer B, Meiri A (1983 a) Irrigation interval as a factor in the salt tolerance of eggplant. Irrig Sci 4: 83–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Shalhevet J, Hoffman GJ, Meiri A, Heuer B, Francois LE (1983 b) Salinity tolerance of crops in irrigated agriculture under dynamic conditions. Final Rep BARD

    Google Scholar 

  • Shalhevet J, Shimshi D, Meir T (1983 c) Irrigation regime effect on some physiological responses of potatoes. Agron J 75: 262–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Shive JW (1915) A study of physiological balance in nutrient media. Physiol Res 1: 327–397

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simha BK, Singh NT (1976) Chloride accumulation near corn roots under different transpiration, soil moisture and soil salinity regime. Agron J 68: 346–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinai G, Farbman M, Koch E (1981 a) Dilution of brackish water in irrigation networks. J Hydraul Div ASCE (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinai G, Jury WA, Stolzy LH (1981 b) Methods for automated dilution of saline water sources for irrigation. J Irrig Drain Div ASCE (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Staehelin A (1976) Reversible particle movement associated with unstacking and restacking of chloroplast membrane in vitro. J Cell Biol 71: 136–158

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart JI, Hagan RM, Pruitt WO (1974) Functions to predict optimal irrigation programs. J Irrig Drain Div ASCE 100: 173–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart JI, Hagan RM, Pruitt WO (1976) Salinity effects of corn yield, évapotranspiration, leaching fraction on irrigation efficiency in managing saline water for irrigation. Int Salinity Conf Proc, Lubbock, Texas, pp 316–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart JI, Danielson RE, Hanks RJ, Jackson EB, Hagan RM, Pruitt WO, Franklin WT, Riley JP (1977) Optimizing crop production through control of water and salinity levels in the soil. Utah Water Lab, PRWG 151–1, Logan, p 191

    Google Scholar 

  • Stroganov BP (1962) Physiological basis of salt tolerance of plants. Int Progr Sci Transi, Jerusalem (translated from Russian )

    Google Scholar 

  • Stuiver CEE, Kuiper PJC, Marschner H, Kylin A (1981) Effects of salinity and replacement of K+ by Na+ on lipid composition in two sugarbeet inbred lines. Physiol Plant 52: 77–82

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas JR (1980) Osmotic and specific salt effect on growth of cotton. Agron J 72: 407–410

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas JR, Wiegand CL (1970) Osmotic and metric suction effects on relative turgidity, temperature and growth of cotton leaves. Soil Sci 109: 85–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas JR, Salinas FG, Oerther GF (1981) Use of saline water for supplemental irrigation of sugar cane. Agron J 73: 1011–1017

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres CB, Bingham FT (1973) Salt tolerance of Mexican wheat. I. Effects of NO3 and NaCl on mineral nutrition, growth and grain production of four wheat. Soil Sci Soc Am Proc 37: 711–715

    Google Scholar 

  • US Salinity Laboratory Staff (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. US Dep Agric, Handbook 60

    Google Scholar 

  • van Beekom CWC, van den Berg C, de Boer ThA, van den Molen WH, Verhoeven B, Westerhof JJ, Zuur AJ (1953) Reclaiming land flooded with salt water. Neth J Agric Sci 1: 154–162, 225–242

    Google Scholar 

  • van Dam JGC (1955) Examination of soils and crops after the inundation of 1st February 1953. The influence of salt on chief vegatable crops. Neth J Agric Sci 3: 1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • van den Berg C (1950) The influence of salt in the soil on the yield of agricultural crops. 4th Int Congr, Soil Sci Trans 1: 411–413

    Google Scholar 

  • van den Berg C, Westerhof J J (1954) Examination of soils and crops after the inundation of 1st February 1953. Neth J Agric Sci 2: 242–253

    Google Scholar 

  • van Genuchten MTh (1983) Analyzing crop salt tolerance data: Model description and user’s manual. US Salinity Lab, USDA/ARS, Calif Res Rep 120

    Google Scholar 

  • van Schilfgaarde J, Rhoades JD (1979) Benefits from reuse of drainage water for irrigation. Am Soc Agric Eng Meet, Pap 79: 2552

    Google Scholar 

  • van Schilfgaarde J, Bernstein L, Rhoades JD, Rawlins SL (1974) Irrigation management for salt control. J Irrig Drain Div ASCE 100: 321–335

    Google Scholar 

  • van Tuil HDW (1965) Organic salts in plants in relation to nutrition and growth. Centre Agric Publ, DOC, Wageningen, Agric Res Rep 657

    Google Scholar 

  • von Osterhout WJ (1906) On the importance of a physiologically balanced solution for plants. Bot Gaz (Chicago) 42: 127–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Wadleigh CH, Ayers AD (1945) Growth and biochemical composition of bean plants as conditioned by soil moisture tension and salt concentration. Plant Physiol 20: 106–132

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wadleigh CH, Gauch HG, Magistad OC (1946) Growth and rubber accumulation in Guayule. US Dep Agric, Tech Bull 925

    Google Scholar 

  • Wadleigh CH, Gauch HG, Strong DC (1947) Root penetration and moisture extraction in saline soil by crop plants. Soil Sci 63: 341–349

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wagenet RJ, Campbell WP, Bamatraff AM, Turner DL (1980) Salinity, irrigation frequency and fertilization effects on barley growth. Agron J 72: 969–974

    Google Scholar 

  • Weigel RC Jr, Schillinger J A, McCaw BA, Gauch HG, Hsiao E (1973) Nutrient-nitrate levels and the accumulation of chloride in leaves of snapbeans and roots of soybeans. Crop Sci 13: 411–412

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams RJP (1980) On first looking into nature’s chemistry. I. The role of small molecules and ions: the transport of the elements. Chem Soc Rev 9: 281–324

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • de Wit CT (1958) Transpiration and crop yields. Inst Biol Chem Res Field Crops Herb. Versl Land-bouwkd Onderz 64.6, Wageningen

    Google Scholar 

  • de Wit CT, Dijkshoorn W, Noggle JC (1963) Ionic balance and growth of plants. Versl Landbouwkd Onderz 69: 15–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf JK (1977) The evaluation of a computer model to predict the effects of salinity on crop growth. Thesis, Utah State Univ

    Google Scholar 

  • Yaron B, Shalhevet J, Shimshi D (1973) Pattern of salt distribution under trickle irrigation. Ecological Studies, vol IV. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 389–394

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

van Genuchten, M.T., Hoffman, G.J., Hanks, R.J., Meiri, A., Shalhevet, J., Kafkafi, U. (1984). Management Aspect for Crop Production. In: Shainberg, I., Shalhevet, J. (eds) Soil Salinity under Irrigation. Ecological Studies, vol 51. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69836-1_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69836-1_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-69838-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69836-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics