Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mating Systems in Unicellular Algae

  • Chapter
Cellular Interactions

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology ((PLANT,volume 17))

Abstract

Sexual processes in unicellular algae provide outstanding opportunities for the study of various aspects of cell interaction and intercellular communication, such as unilateral or mutual inductions, signalling and signal perception, chemotaxis, membrane adhesion and confluence, cell recognition and cell and nuclear fusion. Because the continuity of their existence has been protected by asexual reproduction, these algae have been able to explore their full evolutionary potential with respect to sexual differentiation and reproduction, leading to a great variety in their sex phenomena and to the evolution of highly efficient interrelations. The different modes of gamete interactions they reveal illustrate component mechanisms in model-like simplicity, and offer the opportunity for experimental analysis of their physiological, genetic, molecular and ultrastructural basis. The variation in sex phenomena arises from the type of fertilization (iso-, aniso- and oogamy; gametangiogamy; potential for parthenogenesis), of sex distribution (monoecy vs. dioecy), of sex determination (genetic vs. modificatory), and of meiosis (gametic, zygotic or intermediate). Additional variation depends on the types of gametes (motile vs. immotile) and on special features of the particular organism. A normal sex act involves an ordered sequence of interrelated steps between and within the partners, the harmonious coordination of which is assured by the principles mentioned at the outset. Any environmental, experimental or genetic disturbance may lead to a developmental block, sterility, sexual isolation, or, occasionally, a shunt into another reproduction mode such as parthenogenesis or automixis, in which the activated cell somehow compensates for the absence of a partner.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adair WS, Monk BC, Cohen R, Hwang C, Goodenough UW (1982) Sexual agglutinins from the Chlamydomonas flagellar membrane. Partial purification and characterization. J Biol Chem 257: 4593–4603

    Google Scholar 

  • Bean B (1979) Chemotaxis in unicellular eucaryonts. In: Haupt W, Feinleib ME (eds) Physiology of movements. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 335–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergman K, Goodenough UW, Goodenough DA, Jawitz J, Martin H (1975) Gametic differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. II. Flagellar membranes and the aggluti–nation reaction. J Cell Biol 67: 606–622

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosmann HB, McLean RJ (1975) Gametic recognition: lack of enhanced glycosyltransfer– ase ectoenzyme system activity of non sexual cells and sexually incompatible gametes of Chlamydomonas. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 63: 323–328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brandham PE (1967) Time–lapse studies of conjugation in Cosmarium botrytis. II. Pseudo– conjugation and an anisogamous mating behaviour involving Chemotaxis. Can J Bot 45: 483–493

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown RM Jr, Johnson C, Bold HC (1968) Electron and phase–contrast microscopy of sexual reproduction in Chlamydomonas moewusii. J Phycol 4: 100–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Burr FR, McCracken Md (1973) Existence of a surface layer on the sheath of Volvox. J Phycol 9: 345–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Callow JA, Bolwell GP, Evans LV, Callow ME (1981) Isolation and preliminary characterization of receptors involved in egg–sperm recognition in Fucus serratus. In: Levering T (ed) Proceedings X intern seaweed symp. de Grueter, Hawthorne Cavalier–Smith T (1975) Electron and light microscopy of gametogenesis and gamete fusion in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Protoplasma 86: 1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Claes H (1971) Autolyse der Zellwand bei den Gameten von Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Arch Mikrobiol 78:180–188 Claes H (1975) Influence of concanavalin A on autolysis of gametes of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Arch Mikrobiol 103: 225–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Claes H (1977) Non–specific stimulation of the autolytic system in gametes from Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Exp Cell Res 108: 121–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Claes H (1980) Calcium–ionophore–induced stimulation of secretory activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Arch Mikrobiol 124: 84–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Coggin SJ, Hütt W, Kochert G (1979) Sperm bundle–female somatic cell interaction in the fertilization process of Volvox carter i f. weismannia ( Chlorophyta ). J Phycol 15: 247–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman AW (1959) Sexual isolation in Pandorina morum. J Protozool 6: 249–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman AW (1979) Sexuality in colonial green flagellates. In: Lewandovsky M, Hutner SH (eds) Biochemistry and physiology of protozoa ( 2nd edn ), Vol I. Academic Press, London New York, pp 307–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Crandall M (1978) Mating type interactions in yeasts. In: Curtis ASG (ed) Cell–Cell Recognition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge London New York Melbourne, pp 105–123

    Google Scholar 

  • Darden WH (1966) Sexual differentiation in Volvox aureus. J Proozool 13: 239–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Darden WD, Sayers ER (1971) The effect of selected chemical and physical agents on the male–inducing substance from Volvox aureus M5. Microbios 3: 209–214

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diwald K (1938) Die ungeschlechtliche und geschlechtliche Fortpflanzung von Glenodinium lubiniensiforme sp. nov. Flora 132: 174–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Ende H Van Den (1980) Sexual interactions in the green alga Chlamydomonas eugametos. In: O’Day D, Horgen PA (eds) Sexual interactions in eucaryotic microbes. Academic Press, London New York, pp 102–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Forest CL, Goodenough DA, Goodenough UW (1978) Flageila membrane agglutination and sexual signaling in the conditional gam–1 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. J Cell Biol 79: 74–84

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Förster H (1957) Das Wirkungsspektrum der Kopulation von Chlamydomonas eugametos. Z Naturforsch 12b: 765–770

    Google Scholar 

  • Förster H (1959) Die Wirkungsstärken einiger Wellenlängen zum Auslösen der Kopulation von Chlamydomonas moewusii. Z Naturforsch 14b: 479–480

    Google Scholar 

  • Förster H, Wiese L (1954 a) Untersuchungen zur Kopulationsfähigkeit von Chlamydomonas eugametos. Z Naturforsch Teil B 9: 470–471

    Google Scholar 

  • Förster H, Wiese L (1954 b) Gamonwirkungen bei Chlamydomonas eugametos. Z Natur–forsch 9b: 548–550

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedmann I, Colwin AL, Colwin LH (1968) Fine structural aspects of fertilization in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. J Cell Sei 3: 115–128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geitler L (1931) Untersuchungen über das sexuelle Verhalten von Tetraspora lubrica. Biol Zentrbl 51: 173–187

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilles R, Bittner C, Jaenicke L (1981) Site and time of formation of the sex–inducing glycoprotein in Volvox carteri. FEBS Lett 124: 57–61

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gillham NW (1969) Uniparental inheritance in Chlamydomonas reinhardti. Am Nat 103: 355–388

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein M (1964) Speciation and mating behavior in Eudorina. J Protozool 11: 317–344

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodenough UW (1977) Mating interactions in Chlamydomonas. In: Reissig JL (ed) Receptors and recognition, Ser B Vol 3. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 323–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodenough UW, Jurivich D (1978) Tipping and mating structure activation induced in Chlamydomonas gametes by flagellar membrane antisera. J Cell Biol 79: 680–693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodenough UW, Weiss RL (1975) Gametic differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardti. J Cell Biol 67: 623–637

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodenough UW, Hwang C, Martin H (1976) Isolation and genetic analysis of mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardti, defective in gametic differentiation. Genetics 82: 169–186

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodenough UW, Adair WS, Caligor E, Forest CL, Hoffman JL, Mesland DAM, Späth S (1980) Membrane–membrane and membrane–ligand interactions in Chlamydomonas mating. In: Gilula NB (ed) Membrane–membrane interactions. Raven Press, New York, pp 131–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Gowans CS (1976) Publications of Franz Moewus on the genetics of algae. In: Lewin RA (ed) The genetics of algae. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 310–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Grote M (1977) Untersuchungen zum Kopulationsablauf bei der Grünalge Spirogyra majuscula. Protoplasma 91: 71–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann M (1956) Sex problems in algae, fungi and protozoa. Am Nat 89: 321–346

    Google Scholar 

  • Heimcke JW, Starr RC (1979) The sexual process in several heterogamous Chlamydomonas strains in the subgenus Pleiochloris. Arch Protistenkd 133: 20–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman L (1973) Fertilization in Oedogonium. I. Plasmogamy. J Phycol 9: 62–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Homann WL (1981) Sexual cell recognition in Chlamydomonas eugametos. In: Hansen TC (ed) Lectins, biology, biochemistry, clinical biochemistry. Vol 1: 51–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Homann WL, Musgrave A, Molenaar EM, Ende H van den (1980) Isolation of monovalent sexual binding components from Chlamydomonas eugametos flagellar membranes. Arch Microbiol 128: 120–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoshaw RW (1965) A cultural study of sexuality in Sirogonium melanosporum. J Phycol 1: 134–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Hütt W, Kochert G (1971) Effects of some protein and nucleic acid inhibitors on fertilization in Volvox carteri. J Phycol 7: 316–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Hwang C, Monk BC, Goodenough UW (1981) Linkage of mutations affecting (—) flagellar membrane agglutinability to the mt~ mating–type locus of Chlamydomonas. Genetics 99: 41–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishiura M, Iwasa K (1973) Gametogenesis in Chlamydomonas. II. Effect of cycloheximide on the induction of sexuality. Plant Cell Physiol 14: 923–933

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaenicke L (1982) Volvox biochemistry comes of age. Trends Biochem Sei

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaenicke L, Waffenschmidt S (1979) Matrix lysis and release of daughter spheroids in Volvox carteri– a proteolytic process. FEBS Lett 107:250–253 Kates JR, Jones RF (1964) The control of gametic differentiation in liquid cultures of Chlamydomonas. J Cell Comp Physiol 63: 157–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochert G (1968) Differentiation of reproductive cells in Volvox carteri. J Protozool 15: 438–452

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kochert G, Yates I (1974) Purification and partial characterization of a glycoprotein sexual inducer from Volvox carteri. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 71: 1211–1214

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Köhle D, Lange W, Kauss H (1980) Agglutination and glycosyltransferase activity of isolated gametic flagella from Chlamydomonas reinhardii. Arch Microbiol 127: 239–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurn N (1981) Altered development of the multicellular alga Volvox carteri caused by lectin binding. Cell Biol Int Rep 5: 867–875

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lens PF, Briel W van den, Musgrave A, Ende H van den (1980) Sex–specific glycoproteins in Chlamydomonas flagella. An immunological study. Arch Microbiol 126: 77–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Lens PF, Olofson F, Nederbragt A, Musgrave A, Ende H van den (1982) An antiserum against a glycoprotein functional in flagellar adhesion between Chlamydomonas euga– metos gametes. Arch Microbiol 131: 241–246

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin RA (1952) Studies on the flagella of algae. I. General observations on Chlamydomonas meowusii Gerloff. Biol Bull (Woods Hole) 102:74–79 Lewin RA ( 1954 ) Sex in unicellular algae. In: Wenrich DH (ed) Sex in microorganisms.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amer Assoc Adv Science, Publ Washington DC, pp 100–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Lovlie A, Bryhni E (1976) Signal for cell fusion. Nature 263: 779–781

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLean RJ, Bosmann HB (1975) Cell–cell interactions: Enhancement of glycosyltransferase ectoenzyme systems during Chlamydomonas gametic contact. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 72: 310–313

    Google Scholar 

  • McLean RJ, Brown RM (1974) Cell surface differentiation of Chlamydomonas during gametogenesis. I. Mating and concanavalin A agglutinability. Dev Biol 36: 279–285

    Google Scholar 

  • McLean RJ, Laurendi CJ, Brown RM Jr (1974) The relationship of gamone to the mating reaction in Chlamydomonas moewusii. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 71: 2610–2613

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin NC, Goodenough UW (1975) Gametic differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. I. Production of gametes and their fine structure. J Cell Biol 67: 587–605

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsuda Y, Tamaki S, Tsubo Y (1978) Mating specific induction of cell wall lytic factor by agglutination of gametes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Cell Physiol 19: 1253–1261

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsuda Y, Sakamoto K, Mizuochi T, Kobata A, Tamura G, Tsubo T (1981) Mating type–specific inhibition of gametic differentiation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by tunicamycin. Plant Cell Physiol 22: 1607–1611

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuda Y, Sakamoto K, Kiuchi N, Mizuochi T, Tsubo Y, Kobata A (1982) Two tunicamycin–sensitive components involved in agglutination and fusion of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii gametes. Arch Mikrobiol 131: 87–90

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mesland DAM (1976) Mating in Chlamydomonas eugametos. A scanning electron microscopical study. Arch Microbiol 109: 31–35

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mesland DAM (1977) Flagellar surface morphology of Chlamydomonas eugametos. Protoplasma 93: 311–323

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesland DAM, Ende H van den (1979) The role of flagellar adhesion in sexual activation of Chlamydomonas eugametos. Protoplasma 98: 115–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesland DAM, Ende H van den (1978 b) An inhibitor of cell fusion in Chlamydomonas eugametos. Arch Mikrobiol 117: 131–134

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesland DAM, Hoffman JL, Caligor E, Goodenough UW (1980) Flagella tip activation stimulated by membrane adhesion in Chlamydomonas gametes. J Cell Biol 84: 599–617

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyake A (1981) Physiology and biochemistry of conjugation in Ciliates. In: Levandowsky M, Hutner SH (eds) Biochemistry and physiology of protozoa ( 2nd edn ). Academic Press, New York, pp 126–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Moewus F (1933) Untersuchungen über die Sexualität und Entwicklung von Chlorophyceen. Arch Protistenkd 80: 469–520

    Google Scholar 

  • Monk BC, Adair WS, Cohen RA, Goodenough UW (1982) Chlamydomonas topography:Polypeptide components of the gametic flagellar membrane and cell wall, (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller DG (1967) Generationswechsel, Kernphasen Wechsel und Sexualität der Braunalge Ectocarpus siliculosus. Planta 75: 39–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller DG (1976) Sexual isolation between a European and an American population of Ectocarpus siliculosus (Phaeophyta). J Phycol 12: 252–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller DG (1981) The role of olefine hydrocarbons in sexual reproduction in brown algae. In: Levring T (ed) Proceed intern seaweed symp X.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Grueter, Hawthorne Musgrave A, Homan WL, Briel ML van den, Lelie N, Schol D, Ero L, Ende H van den (1979) Membrane glycoproteins of Chlamydomonas eugametos. Planta 145: 417–425

    Google Scholar 

  • Musgrave A, Eijk Ed van, Welscher R, Brockman R, Lens P, Homan W, Ende H van den (1981) Sexual agglutination factor from Chlamydomonas eugametos. Planta 153: 362–369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noland T, Yates J, Kodiert G (1977) Binding characteristics of 125J–labeled sexual in–ducer to Volvox carteriensis f. weismannia. J Phycol 13: 49

    Google Scholar 

  • Pascher A (1918) Ãœber die Beziehung der Reduktionsteilung zur Mendelschen Spaltung. Ber Dtsch Bot Ges 36: 163–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Pascher A (1931) Ãœber einen neuen einzelligen und einkernigen Organismus mit Eibe–fruchtung. Bot Centr Beih A 48: 466–480

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawitscher–Kunkel E, Machlis L (1962) The hormonal integration of sexual reproduction in Oedogonium. Am J Bot 49: 177–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray DA, Gibor A (1982) Tunicamycin–sensitive glycoproteins involved in the mating of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Exp Cell Res 141: 245–252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ray DA, Solter KM, Gibor A (1978) Flagellar surface differentiation. Evidence for multiple sites involved in mating of Chlamydomonas reinhardti. Exp Cell Res 114: 185–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Rayburn WR (1974) Sexual reproduction in Pandorina unicocca. J Phycol 10: 258–265

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sager R (1955) Inheritance in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Genetics 40: 476–489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sager R, Granick S (1954) Nutritional control of sexuality in Chlamydomonas reinhardti. J Gen Physiol 37: 729–742

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandgren CR (1981) Characteristics of sexual and asexual resting cyst formation in Dino–bryon cylindricum (Chrysophyta). J Phycol 17: 199–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlösser UG (1976) Entwicklungsstadien– und sippenspezifische Zellwand–Autolysine bei der Freisetzung von Fortpflanzungszellen in der Gattung Chlamydomonas. Ber Dtsch Bot Ges 89: 1–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlösser UG (1981) Algal wall–degrading enzymes–autolysins. In: Tanner W, Loewus FA (eds) Encyclop plant physiol, New Ser Vol 13B. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 333–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmeisser ET, Baumgartel DM, Howell SH (1973) Gametic differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardti: Cell cycle dependency and rates in attainment of mating competency. Dev Biol Suppl 31: 31–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Snell WJ (1976) Mating in Chlamydomonas: A system for the study of specific cell adhesion. J Cell Biol 68: 48–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snell WJ (1981) Flageila adhesion and deadhesion in Chlamydomonas gametes. Effects of tunicamycin and observations on flagellar tip morphology. J Supramol Struct Cell Biochem 16: 371–376

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snell WJ, Moore WS (1980) Aggregation–dependent turnover of flagellar adhesion molecules in Chlamydomonas gametes. J Cell Biol 84: 203–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snell WJ, Roseman S (1979) Kinetics of adhesion and deadhesion of Chlamydomonas gametes. J Biol Chem 254: 10820–10829

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solter KM, Gibor A (1977) Evidence for the role of flagella as sensory transducers in mating of Chlamydomonas. Nature 265: 444–445

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solter KM, Gibor A (1978) Removal and recovery of mating receptors on flagella of Chlamydomonas reinhardti. Exp Cell Res 115: 1175–1181

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn TM (1957) Breeding systems, reproductive methods and species problems in Protozoa. In E Mayr (ed) The species problem. AAAS Publ 50: 155–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Starr RC (1954) Heterothallism in Cosmarium botrytis var. subtumidium. Am Bot 41: 601–607

    Google Scholar 

  • Starr RC (1971) Control of differentiation in Volvox. In: Runner M (ed) Changing synthesis in development. Symp Soc Dev Biol, Dev Biol Suppl 4: 59–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Starr RC, Jaenicke L (1974) Purification and characterization of the hormone initiating sexual morphogenesis in Volvox carteri f. nagariensis. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 71: 1050–1054

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Müller DG (1976) Sexual isolation between a European and an American population of Ectocarpus siliculosus (Phaeophyta). J Phycol 12: 252–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Müller DG (1981) The role of olefine hydrocarbons in sexual reproduction in brown algae. In: Levring T (ed) Proceed intern seaweed symp X.

    Google Scholar 

  • deGrueter, Hawthorne Musgrave A, Homan WL, Briel ML van den, Lelie N, Schol D, Ero L, Ende H van den (1979) Membrane glycoproteins of Chlamydomonas eugametos. Planta 145: 417–425

    Google Scholar 

  • Musgrave A, Eijk Ed van, Welscher R, Brockman R, Lens P, Homan W, Ende H van den (1981) Sexual agglutination factor from Chlamydomonas eugametos. Planta 153: 362–369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noland T, Yates J, Kodiert G (1977) Binding characteristics of 125J–labeled sexual in–ducer to Volvox carteriensis f. weismannia. J Phycol 13: 49

    Google Scholar 

  • Pascher A (1918) Ãœber die Beziehung der Reduktionsteilung zur Mendelschen Spaltung. Ber Dtsch Bot Ges 36: 163–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Pascher A (1931) Ãœber einen neuen einzelligen und einkernigen Organismus mit Eibe–fruchtung. Bot Centr Beih A 48: 466–480

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawitscher–Kunkel E, Machlis L (1962) The hormonal integration of sexual reproduction in Oedogonium. Am J Bot 49: 177–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray DA, Gibor A (1982) Tunicamycin–sensitive glycoproteins involved in the mating of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Exp Cell Res 141: 245–252

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ray DA, Solter KM, Gibor A (1978) Flagellar surface differentiation. Evidence for multiple sites involved in mating of Chlamydomonas reinhardti. Exp Cell Res 114: 185–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Rayburn WR (1974) Sexual reproduction in Pandorina unicocca. J Phycol 10: 258–265

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sager R (1955) Inheritance in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Genetics 40: 476–489

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sager R (1955) Inheritance in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi. Genetics 40: 476–489

    Google Scholar 

  • Sager R, Granick S (1954) Nutritional control of sexuality in Chlamydomonas reinhardti. J Gen Physiol 37: 729–742

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandgren CR (1981) Characteristics of sexual and asexual resting cyst formation in Dino–bryon cylindricum (Chrysophyta). J Phycol 17: 199–210

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlösser UG (1976) Entwicklungsstadien– und sippenspezifische Zellwand–Autolysine bei der Freisetzung von Fortpflanzungszellen in der Gattung Chlamydomonas. Ber Dtsch Bot Ges 89: 1–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlösser UG (1981) Algal wall–degrading enzymes–autolysins. In: Tanner W, Loewus FA (eds) Encyclop plant physiol, New Ser Vol 13B. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 333–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmeisser ET, Baumgartel DM, Howell SH (1973) Gametic differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardti: Cell cycle dependency and rates in attainment of mating competency. Dev Biol Suppl 31: 31–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Snell WJ (1976) Mating in Chlamydomonas: A system for the study of specific cell adhesion. J Cell Biol 68: 48–69

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snell WJ (1981) Flageila adhesion and deadhesion in Chlamydomonas gametes. Effects of tunicamycin and observations on flagellar tip morphology. J Supramol Struct Cell Biochem 16: 371–376

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snell WJ, Moore WS (1980) Aggregation–dependent turnover of flagellar adhesion molecules in Chlamydomonas gametes. J Cell Biol 84: 203–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snell WJ, Roseman S (1979) Kinetics of adhesion and deadhesion of Chlamydomonas gametes. J Biol Chem 254:10820–10829 Solter KM, Gibor A (1977) Evidence for the role of flagella as sensory transducers in mating of Chlamydomonas. Nature 265: 444–445

    Google Scholar 

  • Solter KM, Gibor A (1978) Removal and recovery of mating receptors on flagella of Chlamydomonas reinhardti. Exp Cell Res 115: 1175–1181

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonneborn TM (1957) Breeding systems, reproductive methods and species problems in Protozoa. In E Mayr (ed) The species problem. AAAS Publ 50: 155–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Starr RC (1954) Heterothallism in Cosmarium botrytis var. subtumidium. Am Bot 41: 601–607

    Google Scholar 

  • Starr RC (1971) Control of differentiation in Volvox. In: Runner M (ed) Changing synthesis in development. Symp Soc Dev Biol, Dev Biol Suppl 4: 59–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Starr RC, Jaenicke L (1974) Purification and characterization of the hormone initiating sexual morphogenesis in Volvox carteri f. nagariensis. Proc Natl Acad Sei USA 71: 1050–1054

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. L. Wiese
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Botanisch Laboratorium Faculteit der Wiskunde en Natuurwetenschappen, Katholieke Universiteit, Toernooiveld, NL-6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Hans F. Linskens

  2. Welsh Plant Breeding Station, University College of Wales, SY23-3EB, Plas Gogerddan Near Aberystwyth, Great Britain

    John Heslop-Harrison

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Springer-Verlag

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wiese, L. (1984). Mating Systems in Unicellular Algae. In: Linskens, H.F., Heslop-Harrison, J. (eds) Cellular Interactions. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 17. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69299-4_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69299-4_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-69301-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69299-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation