Abstract
Cholestasis or bile secretory failure may be caused by a mechanical block along the course of the biliary passageways outside the liver (extrahepatic cholestasis) or by a functional derangement of the bile producing cells (intrahepatic cholestasis) [17].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adler M, Chung KW, Schaffner F (1980) Pericanalicular hepatocytic and bile ductular microfilaments in cholestasis in man. Am J Pathol 98: 603–616
Bianchi L, Ott R, Rohr HP (1971) Ultrastrukturell-morphometrische Untersuchungen an der Leberparenchymzelle der Ratte nach Cholereticagabe. Acta Hepatosplenol 18: 305–312
Boyer JL (1980) New concepts of mechanisms of hepatocyte bile formation. Physiol Rev 60: 303–326
Boyer JL (1980) Cholestasis — concepts of pathogenesis based on current models of bile secretion. Hepatology — Rapid Literature Review, VI, IX–XIV
Boyer JL, Itabashi M, Hruban Z (1979) Formation of pericanalicular vacuoles during sodium dehydrocholate choleresis. — A mechanism for bile acid transport? In: Preisig R, Bircher J (eds) The liver, quantitative aspects of structure and function. Editio Cantor Aulendorf, pp 163–178
Busachi C, Mebis J, Broeckaert L, Desmet V (1981) Histochemistry of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase in human liver biopsies. Pathol Res Pract 172: 99–108
Clara M (1934) Der Bau der Gallenkapillaren unter physiologischen und experimentellen Be-dingungen. Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch 35: 1–56
Clara M (1953) Über die Morphologie der Gallesekretion. Med Monatsschr 6: 356–361
Claude A (1970) Growth and differentiation of cytoplasmic membranes in the course of lipoprotein granule synthesis in the hepatic cell. J Cell Biol 47: 745–766
Coleman R, Lowe PJ, Billington D (1980) Membrane lipid composition and susceptibility to bile salt damage. Biochim Biophys Acta 599: 294–300
Cramer W, Ludford RJ (1926) On the cellular mechanism of bile secretion and its relation to the Golgi apparatus of the liver cell. J Physiol 62: 74–80
Daems WT, Wisse E, Brederoo P (1969) Electron microscopy of the vacuolar apparatus. In: Dingle JT, Fell HB (eds) Lysosomes in biology and pathology, vol I. North Holland, Amsterdam Oxford New York, pp 64–112
De Duve C, Wattiaux R (1966) Functions of lysosomes. Annu Rev Physiol 28: 435–492
Denk H (1979) Hepatic microsomal enzymes and their alterations in pathologic conditions. In: Popper H, Schaffner F (eds) Progress in liver diseases, vol VI. Grune & Stratton, New York, pp 263–284
Denk H, Franke WW, Eckerstorfer R, Schmid E, Kerjaschki D (1979) Formation and involution of Mallory bodies (“alcoholic hyalin”) in murine and human liver revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies to prekeratin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76: 4112–4116
Desmet VJ (1972) Morphologic and histochemical aspects of cholestasis. In: Popper H, Schaffner F (eds) Progress in liver diseases, vol IV. Grune & Stratton, New York, pp 97–132
Desmet VJ (1975) Morphologic aspects of intrahepatic cholestasis. In: Gentilini P, Teodori U, Gorini S, Popper H (eds) Intrahepatic cholestasis. Raven, New York, pp 7–23
Desmet VJ (1977) Anatomy. I. Hepatocyte — canaliculus. In: Bianchi L, Gerok W, Sickinger K (eds) Liver and bile. University Park Press, Baltimore, pp 3–32
Desmet VJ (1979) Cholestasis; extrahepatic obstruction and secondary biliary cirrhosis. In: MacSween RNM, Anthony PP, Scheuer PJ (eds) Pathology of the liver. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, pp 272–305
Desmet VJ, De Vos R (1980) Morphology of tight junctions in cholestasis. In: Popper H, Bianchi L, Gudat F, Reutter W (eds) Communications of liver cells. MTP Press, Lancaster, pp 185–191
Desmet VJ, De Vos R (1982) Tight junctions in the liver. In: Popper H,. Schaffner F (eds) Progress in liver diseases, vol VII. Grüne & Stratton, New York, pp 31–50
De Vos R, De Wolf-Peeters C, Desmet V, Bianchi L, Rohr HP (1975) Significance of canalicular changes after experimental bile duct ligation. Exp Mol Pathol 23: 12–34
De Vos R, De Wolf-Peeters C, Desmet V, Eggermont E, Van Acker K (1975) Progressive intrahepatic cholestasis (Byler’s disease). Case report. Gut 16: 943–950
Dubin M, Maurice M, Feldmann G, Erlinger S (1980) Influence of colchicine and phalloidin on bile secretion and hepatic ultrastructure in the rat. Possible interaction between microtubules and microfilaments. Gastroenterology 79: 646–654
Elias E, Boyer JL (1979) Mechanisms of intrahepatic cholestasis. In: Popper H, Schaffner F (eds) Progress in liver diseases, vol VI. Grune & Stratton, New York, pp 457–470
Erlinger S, Dubin M, Maurice M, Feldmann G (1979) Modification of bile secretion induced by phalloidin and colchicine in the rat. In: Preisig R, Bircher J (eds) The liver. Quantitative aspects of structure and function. Editio Cantor Aulendorf, pp 192–196
Evans WH (1981) Membrane traffic at the hepatocyte’s sinusoidal and canalicular surface domains. Hepatology 1: 452–457
Evans WH, Flint NA, Vischer P (1980) Biogenesis of hepatocyte plasma-membrane domains. Biochem J 192: 903–910
Felker TA, Hamilton RL, Havel RJ (1978) Secretion of lipoprotein-X by perfused livers of rats with cholestasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 3459–3463
Fevery J, De Groote J, Heirwegh KPM (1973) Quantitation of hepatic bilirubin conjugation. In: Paumgartner G, Preisig R (eds) The liver. Quantitative aspects of structure and function. Karger, Basel, pp 203–209
Fisher MM (1979) Biochemical basis for toxic liver injury. Lithocholate hepatotoxicity. In: Färber E, Fisher MM (eds) Toxic injury of the liver. Part A, Dekker, New York, pp 155–192
Fisher MM, Phillips MJ (1979) Cytoskeleton of the hepatocyte. In: Popper H, Schaffner F (eds) Progress in liver diseases, vol VI. Grune & Stratton, New York, pp 105–122
Forker EL (1969) The effect of estrogen on bile formation in the rat. J Clin Invest 48: 654–663
Gregory DH, Vlahcevic ZR, Prugh M, Swell L (1978) Mechanism of secretion of biliary lipids: role of a microtubular system in hepatocellular transport of biliary lipids in the rat. Gastroenterology 74: 93–100
Gumucio JJ, Miller DL (1981) Functional implications of liver cell heterogeneity. Gastroenterology 80: 393–403
Imanari H, Kuroda H, Tamura K (1981) Microfilaments around the bile canaliculi in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. Gastroenterol Jpn 16: 168–173
Jaeken L, Thines-Sempoux D (1979) A three-dimensional study of organelle interrelationships in regenerating rat liver. 3. Organelles related to bile. Cell Biol Int Rep 5: 453–462
Jaeken L, Thines-Sempoux D (1981) A three-dimensional study of organelle interrelationships in regenerating rat liver. 6. Golgi apparatus. Cell Biol Int Rep 5: 261–273
Javitt NB (1976) Hepatic bile formation. Part I and II, N Engl J Med 295:1464–1469, 1511–1516
Jones AL, Schmucker DL (1977) Current concepts of liver structure as related to function. Gastroenterology 73: 833–851
Jones AL, Schmucker DL, Renston RH, Murakami T (1980) The architecture of bile secretion. A morphological perspective of physiology. Dig Dis Sci 25: 609–629
Kakis G, Philips MJ, Yousef IM (1980) The respective roles of membrane cholesterol and of sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase in the pathogenesis of lithocholate-induced cholestasis. Lab Invest 43: 73–81
Kaplowitz N (1980) Physiological significance of glutathione-S-transferases. Am J Physiol 239: G439–G444
Keeffe EB, Blankenship NM, Scharschmidt BF (1980) Alteration of rat liver plasma membrane fluidity and ATPase activity by chlorpromazine hydrochloride and its metabolites. Gastroenterology 79: 222–231
Kolde G, Herwig J, Themann H (1981) Normoactive hypertrophic endoplasmic reticulum in taurolithocholate-induced cholestasis in rats. Virchows Arch [Cell Pathol] 37: 103–108
Koyama K, Ito K, Ouchi K, Sato T (1980) Mitochondrial function of rat liver in biliary obstruction. Tohoku J Exp Med 131: 59–69
Kremmer T, Wisher MH, Evans WH (1976) The lipid composition of plasma membrane subfractions originating from the three major functional domains of the rat hepatocyte cell surface. Biochim Biophys Acta 455: 655–664
La Russo NF, Fowler S (1979) Coordinate secretion of acid hydrolases in rat bile. Hepatocyte exocytosis of lysosomal protein? J Clin Invest 64: 948–954
Loosli H, Gardiol D, Gautier A (1981) Experimental intrahepatic cholestasis. Virchows Arch [Cell Pathol] 35: 213–228
Mathis RK, Watkins JB, Szczepanik-Van Leeuwen P, Lott IT (1980) Liver in the cerebro-hepatorenal syndrome: defective bile acid synthesis and abnormal mitochondria. Gastroenterology 79: 1311–1317
Meijer DKF, Vonk RJ, Weitering JG (1978) The influence of various bile salts and some cholephilic dyes on Na+,K+- and Mg2+-activated ATPase of rat liver in relation to cholestatic effects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 43: 597–612
Miyai K (1979) Ultrastructural basis for toxic liver injury. In: Farber E, Fisher MM (eds) Toxic injury of the liver. Part A. Dekker, New York, pp 59–154
Miyai K, Mayr W, Richardson A (1974) Freeze-fracture study of bile canalicular changes induced by lithocholate acid. Lab Invest 30: 384
Miyai K, Richardson AL, Mayr W, Javitt NB (1977) Subcellular pathology of rat liver in cholestasis and choleresis induced by bile salts. 1. Effects of lithocholic, 3 β-hydroxy-5-cholenoic, cholic, and dehydrocholic acids. Lab Invest 36: 249–258
Mizoguchi Y, Ohnishi F, Monna T, Yamamoto S, Morisawa S (1981) Partial purification of the cholestatic factor derived from the lymphocytes of tuberculin-sensitized guinea pigs. Gastroenterol Jpn 16: 260–267
Mullock BM, Hinton RH, Dobrota M, Peppard J, Orlans E (1980) Distribution of secretory component in hepatocytes and its mode of transfer into bile. Biochem J 190: 819–826
Mullock BM, Hinton RH (1981) Transport of proteins from blood to bile. Trends Biochem Sci 6: 188–190
Nemschausky BA, Layden TJ, Boyer JL (1977) Effects of chronic choleretic infusions of bile acids on the membrane of the bile canaliculus: a biochemical and morphologic study. Lab Invest 36: 259–267
Nishi M (1978) Scanning electron microscope study on the mechanism of obstructive jaundice in rats. Arch Histol Jpn 41: 411–426
Novikoff AB (1976) The endoplasmic reticulum: a cytochemist’s view (a review). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73: 2781–2787
Oda M, Phillips MJ (1975) Electron microscopic cytochemical characterization of bile canaliculi and bile ducts in vitro. Virchows Arch [Cell Pathol] 18: 109–118
Olinger EJ, Hercker ES, Ostrow JD (1979) Cellular regulation of taurocholate uptake by isolated rat hepatocytes. In: Preisig R, Bircher J (eds) The liver. Quantitative aspects of structure and function. Editio Cantor Aulendorf, pp 97–99
Oshio C, Phillips MJ (1981) Contractility of bile canaliculi: implications for liver function. Science 212: 1041–1042
Parmentier GG, Janssen GA, Eggermont EA, Eyssen HJ (1979) C27 bile acids in infants with coprostanic acidemia and occurrence of a 3α, 7α, 12 α-trihydroxy-5β-C29 dicarboxylic bile acid as a major component in their serum. Eur J Biochem 102: 173–183
Paumgartner G (1980) Störungen der Gallensekretion. Pathophysiologische Grundlagen und therapeutische Möglichkeiten. Muench Med Wochenschr 122: 1001–1004
Pfeifer U, Reus G (1980) A morphometric study on growth of bile canaliculi after partial hepatectomy. Virchows Arch [Cell Pathol] 33: 167–176
Phillips MJ (1979) Recent advances in the electron microscopic evaluation of the liver in cholestasis. In: Javitt NB (ed) Neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia. U.S. Department of Halth, Education and Welfare, pp 323–330
Phillips MJ, Oda M, Funatsu K (1979) Reactions of the liver to injury. Cholestasis, its ultrastructural aspects. In: Farber E, Fisher MM (eds) Toxic injury of the liver. Part A. Dekker, New York, pp 333–384
Phillips MJ, Yousef IM, Kakis G, Oda M, Funatsu K (1979) Biochemical pathology of canalicular membranes in intrahepatic cholestasis. In: Preisig R, Bircher J (eds) The liver. Quantitative aspects of structure and function. Editio Cantor Aulendorf, pp 185–191
Plaa GL, Priestly BG (1977) Intrahepatic cholestasis induced by drugs and chemicals. Pharmacol Rev 28: 207–273
Popper H (1977) Mechanisms of cholestasis. In: Bianchi L, Gerok W, Sickinger K (eds) Liver and bile. MTP Press, Lancaster, pp 189–201
Popper H (1981) Cholestasis: the future of a past and present riddle. Hepatology 1: 187–191
Popper H, Paronetto F (1980) Clinical, histologic, and immunopathologic features of primary biliary cirrhosis. Springer Sem Immunopathol 3: 339–354
Popper H, Schaffner F (1975) The organelle pathology of cholestasis. In: Gentilini P, Teodori U, Gorini S, Popper H (eds) Intrahepatic cholestasis. Raven, New York, pp 25–40
Popper H, Schaffner F, Denk H (1975) Molecular pathology of cholestasis. In: Taylor W (ed) The hepatobiliary system. Fundamental and pathological mechanisms. Plenum, New York, pp 605–630
Porter KR, Tucker JB (1981) The ground substance of the living cell. Sci Am 244: 41–51
Rassat J, Robenek H, Themann H (1981) Ultrastructural alterations in the mouse liver following vincristine administration. J Submicroscop Cytol 13: 321–335
Rassat J, Robenek H, Themann H (1981) Ultrastructural changes in mouse hepatocytes exposed to vinblastine sulfate with special reference to the intercellular junctions. Eur J Cell Biol 24: 203–210
Reichen J, Berman MD, Berk PD (1981) The role of microfilaments and of microtubules in taurocholate uptake by isolated rat liver cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 643: 126–133
Schaffner F, Popper H (1969) Cholestasis is the result of hypoactive hypertrophic smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the hepatocyte. Lancet 2: 355–359
Schwarz LR, Schwenk M, Pfaff E, Greim H (1977) Cholestatic steroid hormones inhibit taurocholate uptake into isolated rat hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 26: 2433–2437
Simon FR, Gonzalez M, Sutherland E, Accatino L, Davis RA (1980) Reversal of ethinyl estradiol- induced bile secretory failure with Triton WR-1339. J Clin Invest 65: 851–860
Staehelin LA, Hull BE (1978) Junctions between living cells. Sci Am 238: 140–152
Sternlieb I (1979) Electron microscopy of mitochondria and peroxisomes of human hepatocytes. In: Popper H, Schaffner F (eds) Progress in liver diseases, vol VI. Grune & Stratton, New York, pp 81–104
Strange RC, Cramb R, Hayes JD, Percy-Robb IW (1977) Partial purification of two lithocholic acid-binding proteins from rat liver 100.000 g supernatants. Biochem J 165: 425–429
Tavoloni N, Boyer JL (1980) Relationship between hepatic metabolism of chlorpromazine and cholestatic effects in the isolated perfused rat liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 214: 269–274
Toda G, Kako M, Oka H, Oda T, Ikeda Y (1978) Uneven distribution of enzymatic alterations on the liver cell surface in experimental extrahepatic cholestasis of rat. Exp Mol Pathol 28: 10–24
Tuchweber B, Vonk RJ, Yousef IM (1981) Changes in liver cell plasma membrane polypeptides of phalloidin-treated rats with special reference to the actomyosin complex. Can J Biochem 59: 165–170
Van Rossum GDV, Russo MA (1981) Ouabain-resistant mechanism of volume control and the ultrastructural organization of liver slices recovering from swelling in vitro. J Membr Biol 59: 191–209
Vial JD, Simon FR, Mackinnon AM (1976) Effect of bile duct ligation on the ultrastructural morphology of hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 70: 85–92
Vonk RJ, Tuchweber B, Masse D, Perea A, Audet M, Roy CC, Yousef IM (1981) Intrahepatic cholestasis induced by alio monohydroxy bile acid in rats. Gastroenterology 81: 242–249
Weber AM, Tuchweber B, Yousef I, Brochu P, Turgeon C, Gabbiani G, Morin CL, Roy CC (1981) Severe familial cholestasis in North American Indian children: a clinical model of microfilament dysfunction? Gastroenterology 81: 653–662
Yamauchi H, Koyama K, Matsuo Y, Kashimura S, Takagi Y, Muto I, Owada Y, Otowa T, Ouchi K, Anezaki T, Itoh K (1975) Morphometric studies on the rat liver in biliary obstruction. Jpn J Gastroenterol 72: 392–406
Yokoo H, Craig RM, Harwood TR, Cochrane C (1979) Griseofulvin-induced cholestasis in swiss albino mice. Gastroenterology 77: 1082–1087
Yousef IM, Tuchweber B, Vonk RJ, Masse D, Audet M, Roy CC (1981) Lithocholate cholestasis — sulfated glycolithocholate-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats. Gastroenterology 80: 233–241
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Desmet, V.J. (1983). Cholestasis: A Problem. In: Csomós, G., Thaler, H. (eds) Clinical Hepatology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68748-8_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68748-8_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68750-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68748-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive