Skip to main content

Crystal Growth of Silicon Ribbons

For Terrestrial Solar Cells by the EFG Method

  • Conference paper
Silicon

Part of the book series: Crystals ((CRYSTALS,volume 5))

Abstract

The growth of shaped silicon crystals has been attractive for a number of years and several methods to obtain various shapes, in particular flat ribbons, have been developed. Recently, however, the problem has been much more sharply focused due to the desire for the preparation of very low cost solar cells for terrestrial power generation, and a number of articles in the present volume address this problem.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ravi, K. V., Mlavsky, A. I: The Silicon Ribbon Solar Cell - A Way to Harness Solar Energy. In: Heliotechnique et Developement Kettani, M. H., Soussou, J., (eds.), pp. 563–578, Cambridge, Mass., Mass. Development Associates 1976

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ciszek, T. F.: Mat. Res. Bull. 7, 731 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Stormont, R., Wald, F. V.: Silicon Ribbon, Final Rep, Contract No. N00163-71-6-0711, Dec. 1971; Avail.: U S. Nat„ Techn. Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bates, H. E., Cocks, F. H., Mlavsky, A. I.: The Edge Defined Film Fed Growth (EFG) of Silicon Single Crystal Ribbon for Solar Cell Applications. In: Conf. Record 9th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf., pp. 386 - 388. New York, IEEE 1972

    Google Scholar 

  5. LaBelle, H. E., Mlavsky, A. I.: Nature 216, 574 (1967)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. LaBelle, H. E., Mlavsky, A. I., Chalmers, B.: Mat. Res. Bull. 6, 571 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. LaBelle, H. E., Mlavsky, A. I., Chalmers, B.: Mat. Res. Bull. 6, 581 (1971)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. LaBelle, H. E., Mlavsky, A. I., Chalmers, B.: Mat. Res. Bull. 6, 681 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Hurley, G. F., Pollock, J. T. A.: Met. Trans. 3, 397 (1972)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Surek, T., Chalmers, B., Mlavsky, A. I.: J. Cryst. Growth 42, 453 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bates, H. E., Jewett, D.N., Mlavsky, A. I., White, V. E.: Thick Film Silicon Growth Techniques. Final Rep.,Subcontract No. 953365, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, April 1975. Available from: US. Nat. Techn. Information Service, Springfield, VA, 22151

    Google Scholar 

  12. Swartz, J. C., Surek, T., Chalmers, B.: J. Electron Mat. 4, 255 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Surek, T.: J. Appl. Phys. 47, 4384 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Surek, T., Rao, C.V.H., Swartz, J. C., Garone, L.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 112 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Surek, T., Chalmers, B.: J. Cryst. Growth 29, 1 (1975)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Ravi, K. V.: J. Crystal Growth 39, 1 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ciszek, T. F., Schwuttke, G. H.: US. Patent No. 4075055 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Mlavsky, A. I., Serreze, H. B., Stormont, R. W., Taylor, A. S.: The Tubular Silicon Solar Cell - A New Concept for Photovoltaic Power Generation. In: Twelfth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, pp. 160–167. New York, IEEE 1976

    Google Scholar 

  19. Eriss, L., Stormont, R. W., Surek, T., Taylor, A. S.: J. Crystal Growth, Special Issue on Shaped Growth, to be published 1980

    Google Scholar 

  20. Chalmers, B., Mlavsky, A. I., Surek, T., Swartz, J. C., Bell, R. O., Jewett, D. N., Yates, D. A., Ravi, K. V., Wald, F.: Continuous Silicon Solar Cells. Final Rep., Grant No. NSF/RANN/SE/GI-37067X/FR/75/1. Aug. 1975. Available from: US. Nat. Techn. Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151

    Google Scholar 

  21. Sachs, E. M.: J. Crystal Growth, Special Issue on Shaped Growth, to be published 1980

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kalejs, J. P., Mackintosh, B. H., Surek, T.: J. Crystal Growth, Special Issue on Shaped Growth, to be published 1980

    Google Scholar 

  23. Yates, D. A.: Proc. Soc. Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 116, 82 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rao, C. V. H., Surek, T., Mackintosh, B., Ravi, K. V., Wald, F. V.: Large Area Silicon Sheet by EFG. In: Sun, Mankind’s Future Source of Energy, (de Winter, F., Cox, M., eds.), pp 643 - 650, New York, Pergamon Press, 1978

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mackintosh, B. H., Jewett, D. N.: US. Pat. 4118197 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Mackintosh, B. H., Surek, T., Kalejs, J. P., Sachs, E. M., Nagy, S., Wald, F. V.: Multiple Silicon Ribbon Growth by EFG. In: 13th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf., pp. 350–357, New York, IEEE 1978

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ravi, K. V., Wald, F. V., Gonsiorawski, R., Rao, C. V. H., Garone, L. C., Ho, J. C., Bell, R. O.: An Analysis of Factors Influencing the Efficiency of EFG Solar Cells. In: 12th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf., pp. 182–190, New York, IEEE 1976

    Google Scholar 

  28. Schwuttke, G. H., Yang, K., Ciszek, T. F.: J. Crystal Growth 43, 329 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rao, C. V. H., Bates, H. E., Ravi, K. V.: J. Appl. Phys. 47, 2614 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Garone, L. C., Rao, C. V. H., Morrison, A. D., Surek, T., Ravi, K. V.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 29, 511 (1976)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ravi, K. V., Serreze, H. B., Bates, H. E., Jewett, D. N., Morrison, A. D., Ho, J. C.: EFG Silicon Ribbon Solar Cells. In: 11th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf., pp. 280-289., New York, IEEE, 1975

    Google Scholar 

  32. Ast, D., Strunk, H. J., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, Private Communication

    Google Scholar 

  33. Leipold, M. H. deAngelis, R. J.: Structure Development in Silicon Sheet by Shaped Crystallization. In: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. 1977, pp. 872–881. Dodrecht, Holland, D. Reidel Pub. Co., 1978

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. Rao, C. V. H., Cretella, M. C., Wald, F. V., Ravi, K. V.: J. Crystal Growth, Special Issue on Shaped Growth, to be published 1980

    Google Scholar 

  35. Cretella, M. C., Kalejs, J. P., Mobil Tyco Solar Energy Corp., Waltham, MA: Private Communication

    Google Scholar 

  36. Wald, F. V., Mobil Tyco Solar Energy Corp.: Unpublished

    Google Scholar 

  37. Voltmer, F. W., Padovani, F. A.: The Carbon Silicon Phase Diagram for Dilute Carbon Concentration and the Influence of Carbon on Czochralski Growth of Silicon. In: Semiconductor Silicon 1973 (Huff, H. R., Burgess, R. R., eds.), pp. 75–82, Princeton, NJ, Electrochemical Soc., 1973

    Google Scholar 

  38. Endo, Y., Yatsurugi, Y., Terai, Y., Nozaki, T.: J. Electrochem. Soc. 126, 1482 (1979)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Hanoka, J. I.: Solar Cells 1, 123 (1979/80)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ast, D., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY: Private Communication

    Google Scholar 

  41. Rao, C. V. H., Taylor, A. S., Mobil Tyco Solar Energy Corp., Waltham, MA: Private Communication

    Google Scholar 

  42. Hanoka, J. I., Bathey, B.: A combined Quantitative EBIC and Ion Microprobe Analysis of SiC Particles in EFG Ribbon. In: 14th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf., pp. 478 - 483 New York, IEEE 1980

    Google Scholar 

  43. Nozaki, T., Yatsurugi, Y., Akiyama, N., Endo, Y., Makida, Y.: J. Radioanalytical Chem. 19, 109 (1974)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Chalmers, B., Harvard University, Cambridge, MA: Private Communication

    Google Scholar 

  45. Kalejs, J. P.: Displaced EFG Die, US. Patent Pending

    Google Scholar 

  46. Ast, D., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY: Private Communication

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kalejs, J. P., Freedman, G. M., Wald, F. V.: J. Crystal Growth 48, 74 (1980)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Kalejs, J. P.: J. Crystal Growth 44, 329 (1978)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Schwuttke, G. H., I.B.M. Corp., Fishkill, NY: Private Communication

    Google Scholar 

  50. Sachs, E. M., Surek, T.: J. Crystal Growth, Special Issue on Shaped Growth, to be published 1980

    Google Scholar 

  51. Sachs, E. M.: J. Crystal Growth 47, All (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Mackintosh, B. H., Morrison, A. D., Rao, C. V. H., Ravi, K. V., Serreze, H. B., Surek, T., Wald, F. V., Yates, D. A.: Large Area Silicon Sheet by EFG, First Quart. Rep., 1977 on Subcontract No. 954355 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, March 1977. Available from: US. Nat. Techn. Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151

    Google Scholar 

  53. Sood, A. K., Freedman, G. M., Bell, R. O., Wald, F. V.: Correlation of Minority Carrier Diffusion Length with Solar Cell Properties in EFG Silicon Ribbon. In: Solar Energy, (Lesk, A., Berkowitz, J., eds.), pp. 227–236, Princeton, NJ, Electrochemical Soc. 1976

    Google Scholar 

  54. Ho, C. T., Bell, R. O., Wald, F. V.: Appl. Phys. Lett. 31, 463 (1977)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Rao, C. V. H., Bell, R. O., Cretella, M. C., Ho, J. C., Wald, F. V., Ravi, K. V.: Response of Defects to Illumination in Silicon Solar Cells. In: 13th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf., pp. 1213 - 1219, New York, IEEE 1978

    Google Scholar 

  56. Bell, R. O., Ho, C. T., Ravi, K. V., Wald, F. V., Muller, J. C., Siffert, P.: Ion Implanted Solar Cells from EFG Silicon Ribbons. In: 2nd E. C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf., 1979 (Van Overstraeten, R., Palz, W., eds.), pp. 153–161, Dodrecht, Holland, D. Reidel Pub. Co. 1979

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  57. Yates, D. A., Bell, R. O.: Defect Analysis of Ribbon Solar Cells Using a Laser Scanner. In: 14th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf., pp. 1402 - 1403, New York, IEEE 1980

    Google Scholar 

  58. Gonsiorawski, R. C., Ravi, K. V.: The Influence of P-N Junction Formation Condidions on the Efficiency of EFG Ribbon Solar Cells. In: Extended AbstractsBook, Electrochemical Soc, Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri, May 1980, pp. 777–778, Princeton, NJ, Electrochemical Soc. 1980

    Google Scholar 

  59. Kalejs, J. P., Mackintosh, B. H., Sachs, E. M., Wald, F. V.: Progress in the Growth of Wide Silicon Ribbons by the EFG Method at High Speed Using Multiple Growth Stations. In: 14th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conf., pp. 13–18, New York, IEEE 1980

    Google Scholar 

  60. Gonsiorawski, R., US. Patent No. 4152824 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Chamberlain, R. G.;: Recent Developments in the Economic Modeling of Photovoltaic Module Manufacturing. In: 2nd E. C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. 1979 (Van Overstraeten, R., Palz, W., eds.), pp. 851 - 858, Dordrecht, Holland, D. Reidel Pub. Co. 1979

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  62. Morse, F. H.: Photovoltaics Commercialization Readiness Assessment. In: 2nd E. C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference 1979. (Van Overstraeten, R., Palz, W., eds), pp. 843 - 850, Dordrecht, Holland, D. Reidel Pub. Co. 1979

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  63. Gessert, C., and Schwuttke, G. H.: Wide Silicon Ribbon Growth by Capillary Action Shaping Technique. In: 2nd E. C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conf. 1979 (Van Overstraeten,R., Palz, W., eds.), pp. 123 - 129, Dordrecht, Holland, D. Reidel Pub. Co. 1979

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Wald, F.V. (1981). Crystal Growth of Silicon Ribbons. In: Grabmaier, J. (eds) Silicon. Crystals, vol 5. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68175-2_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68175-2_4

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-68177-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-68175-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics