Skip to main content

Uricosuric Drugs

  • Chapter
Uric Acid

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 51))

Abstract

Renal transport of urate is influenced by many endogenous metabolites and drugs. Any drug whose net effect on renal tubular transport of urate results in increased urate clearance can be considered a uricosuric agent. By this definition, uricosuric drugs include a large number of compounds with diverse chemical structures and pharmacologic properties. Only a few of these drugs have been widely employed clinically as uricosuric agents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arias, I.R., Fleischner, G., Kirsch, R., Mishkin, S., Gatmaiten, Z.: On the structure, regulation, and function of ligandin. In: Arias, I.M., Jakoby, W.B. (Eds.): Glutathione: Metabolism and Function. New York: Raven Press 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, L., Yü, T.F., Gutman, A.B.: Effect of drugs that alter uric acid excretion in man on uric acid clearance in the chicken. Amer. J. Physiol. 198, 575–580 (1960)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, K. H.: Functional characteristics of renal transport mechanisms. Pharmacol. Rev. 2, 227–280 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, K. H.: Factors basic to the development of useful inhibitors of renal transport mechanisms. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 98, 97–117 (1954)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, K.H., Russo, H.F., Tillson, E.K., Miller, A.K., Verwey, W.F., Gass, S.R.: “Benemid,” p-(di-N-propyl-sulfamyl)-benzoic acid: its renal affinity and elimination. Amer. J. Physiol. 166, 625–640(1951)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanchard, K.C., Maroske, D., May, D.G., Weiner, I.M.: Uricosuric potency of 2-substituted analogs of probenecid. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 180, 397–410 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bluestone, R.I., Kippen, I., Klinenberg, J.R., Whitehouse, M.W.: Effect of some uricosuric and antiinflammatory drugs on the binding of uric acid to human serum albumen. J. Lab. clin. Med. 76, 85–91 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boger, W.P., Bayne, G.M., Gylfe, J., Wright, L.D.: Renal clearance of pantothenic acid in man: inhibition by probenecid (“Benemid”). Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 82, 604–608 (1953)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boger, W.P., Pitts, F.W.: Plasma concentrations of p—Amino Salicylic acid (PAS) increased by p(Di-n-propylsulfamyl)benzoic acid. Science 112, 149–153 (1950)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonar, J.A., Perkins, W.H.: Inhibition of urinary excretion of iodine131-labeled corticotropin by probenecid. J. clin. Endocr. 22, 38–42 (1962)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boner, G., Steele, T.H.: Relationship of urate and p-aminohippurate secretion in man. Amer. J. Physiol. 225, 100–104 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourke, R.S., Chheda, G., Bremer, A., Watanabe, O., Tower, D.B.: Inhibition of renal tubular transport of methotrexat by probenecid. Cancer Res. 35, 110–116 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Braun, W., Whittaker, V.P., Lotspeich, W.F.: Renal excretion of phlorizon and phlorizon glucuronide. Amer. J. Physiol. 190, 563–567 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broekhuysen, J., Pacco, M., Sion, R., Demeulen, L., Vanhee, M.: Metabolism of benzbromarone in man. Europ. J. clin. Pharmacol. 4, 125–130 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, J.J., Yü, T.F., Berger, L., Gutman, A.B.: Zoxazolamine. Physiological disposition, uricosuric properties. Amer. J. Med. 25, 401–408 (1958)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burns, J.J., Yü, T.F., Ritterand, A., Perel, J.M., Gutman, A.B., Brodie, B.B.: A potent new uricosuric agent, the sulfoxide metabolite of the phenylbutazone analogue, G-25671. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 119, 418–426 (1957)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campion, D.S., Bluestone, R., Klinenberg, J.R.: Uric acid: characterization of its interaction with human serum albumen. J. clin. Invest. 52, 2383–2387 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, P.J., Stason, W.B., DeMartini, F. E., Sommers, S. C., LaraghJ.H.: Hyperuricemia in primary and renal hypertension. New Engl. J. Med. 275, 457–464 (1966)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, K.C., Cafruny, E.J.: Renal tubular reabsorption of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) in the dog. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 173, 1–12 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dantzler, W.H.: Characteristics of urate transport by isolated perfused snake tubules. Amer. J. Physiol. 224, 445–453 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dayton, P. G., Perel, J.M.: The metabolism of probenecid in man. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 179, 399–402 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dayton, P.G., Perel, J.M., Snell, M.M, Yü, T.F., Gutman, A.B.: The physiological disposition of probenecid including renal clearance in man; studies by an improved method for its estimation in biologic material. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 140, 278–286 (1963)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dayton, P.G., Sicam, L.E., Landrau, M., Burns, J.J.: Metabolism of sulfinpyrazone (anturiane) and other thio analogues of phenylbutazone in man. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 132, 287–290 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delbarre, F., Auscher, C., Oliver, J., Rose, A.: Traitement des hyperuricemics et de la goutte par des derives du benzofuranne. Sem. Hôp. Paris 43, 1127–1133 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Demartini, F.E., Wheaton, E.A., Healey, L.A., Laragh, J.H.: Effect of chlorothiazide on the renal excretion of uric acid. Amer. J. Med. 32, 572–577 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, H.S., Meisel, A.D.: Effect of pharmacological inhibitors on urate transport during induced uricosuria. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 53, 133–139 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, H.S., Meisel, A.D., Kaplan, D.: Renal tubular transport of urate in man. Bull, rheum. Dis. 27, 876–881 (1976–7)

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, H.S., Meisel, A., Sharon, E., Holden, D., Cacatian, A.: Hyperuricosuria and increased tubular secretion of urate in sickle cell anemia. Amer. J. Med. 59, 796–802 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, H.S., Paolino, J.S.: Evidence for a post secretory reabsorptive site for uric acid in man. J. clin. Invest. 52, 503–510 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dieterle, W., Faigle, J.W., Mory, H., Richter, W. J., Theobald, W.: Biotransformation and pharmacokinetics of sulfinpyrazone (Anturan) in man. Eur. J. clin. Pharmacol. 9, 135–145 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dollery, C.T., Duncan, H., Schumer, B.: Hyperuricemia related to treatment of hypertension. Brit. med. J. 1960 II, 832–835

    Google Scholar 

  • Dormard, Y., Levron, J.C., Adnot, P., Lebedeff, T., Ejaubault, G.: Pharmacokinetic study of 2, -3dichloro4-(2-thienyl keto 14C)phenoxyacetic acid (Tienilic acid) in mammals. Europ. J. Drug. Metab. Pharmac. 1, 41–49 (1976)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson, B.T.: A comparison of uricosuric agents in gout with special reference to sulfinpyrazone. Med. J. Aust. 1, 839–844 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Emmerson, B.T., Row, P.G.: An evaluation of the pathogenesis of the gouty kidney. Kidney Int. 8, 65–71(1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanelli, G.M., Bohn, D., Reilly, S.: Renal urate transport in the chimpanzee. Amer. J. Physiol. 220, 613–620 (1971 a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanelli, G.M., Bohn, D.L., Reilly, S.S.: Renal effects of uricosuric agents in the chimpanzee. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 177, 591–599 (1971b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanelli, G.M., Bohn, D.L., Reilly, S.S.: Effects of merurial diuretics on renal transport of urate and p-aminohippurate in the cebus monkey. Amer. J. Physiol. 224, 993–996 (1973 a)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanelli, G.M., Bohn, D.L., Reilly, S.S., Weiner, I.M.: Effects of mercurial diuretics on renal transport of urate in the chimpanzee. Amer. J. Physiol. 224, 985–992 (1973 b)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanelli, G.M., Bohn, D.L., Scriabine, A., Beyer, K.H.: Saluretic and uricosuric effects of (6, 7-dichloro-2-methyl-l-oxo-2-phenyl-5-indanyloxy)acetic acid (Mk-196) in the chimpanzee. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 200, 402–412 (1977 a)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanelli, G.M., Bohn, D.L., Stafford, S.: Functional characteristics of renal urate transport in the cebus monkey. Amer. J. Physiol. 218, 627–636 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanelli, G.M., Bohn, D.L., Zacchei, A.G.: Renal excretion of a saluretic-uricosuric agent (Mk-196) and interaction with a urate-retaining drug, pyrazinoate, in the chimpanzee. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 200, 413–419 (1977 b)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fanelli, G.M., Hitzenberger, G.: Uricosuric activity of intravenous mersalyl in man. Medikon. 3, 12–13 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fanelli, G.M., Weiner, I.M.: Pyrazinoate excretion in the chimpanzee; relation to urate disposition and the actions of uricosuric drugs. J. clin. Invest. 52, 1946–1957 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farrel, P. C.: Protein binding of urate ions in vitro and in vivo. Progr. Biochem. Pharmacol. 9, 153–162 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fulop, M., Drabkin, A.: Potassium depletion syndrome secondary to nephropathy apparently caused by “outdated” tetracycline. New Engl. J. Med. 272, 986–989 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankfort, S. J., Weinman, E.J.: The effect of probenecid on urate transport in the rat kidney. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 155, 554–557 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, L.I., Crigler, J.R., Migeon, C.J.: Inhibition of urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion produced by benemid. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 78, 460–463 (1951)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gibaldi, M., Schwartz, M. A.: Apparent effect of probenecid on distribution of penicillin in man. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 9, 345–349 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goetzee, A.E., Richards, T.G., Tindall, V.R.: Experimental changes in liver function induced by probenecid. Clin. Sci. 19, 63–78 (1960)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, C.S., Sparell, G.: Inhibition of dapsone excretion by probenecid. Lancet 1969 II, 884–885

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gutman, A.B.: Uricosuric drugs, with special reference to probenecid and sulfinpyrazone. Ad-vanc. Pharmacol. 4, 91–142 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gutman, A.B., Dayton, P. G., Yü, T.F., Berger, L., Chen, W., Sicam, J.E., Burns, J. J.: A study of the inverse relationship between pK and rate of renal excretion of phenylbutazone analogs in man and dog. Amer. J. Med. 29, 1017–1033 (1960)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gutman, A.B., Yü, T.F.: Benemid(p-(di-N-propylsulyfamyl)-benzoic acid) as a uricosuric agent in chronic gouty arthritis. Trans. Ass. Amer. Phycns 64, 279–288 (1951)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gutman, A.B., Yü, T.F.: Renal function in gout. With a commentary on the renal regulation of urate excretion and the role of the kidney in the pathogenesis of gout. Amer. J. Med. 23, 600–622 (1957 a)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gutman, A.B., Yü, T.F.: Protracted uricosuric therapy in tophaceous gout. Lancet 1957 IIb, 1258–1260

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutman, A.B., Yü, T.F.: A three-component system for regulation of renal excretion of uric acid in man. Trans. Ass. Amer. Phycns. 74, 353–365 (1961)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gutman, A.B., Yü, T.F., Berger, L.: Tubular secretion of urate in man. J. clin. Invest. 38, 1778–1781 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gutman, A.B., Yü, T.F., Sirota, J.H.: A study by simultaneous clearance techniques, of salicylate excretion in man. Effect of alkalinization of the urine by bicarbonate administration; effect of probenecid. J. clin. Invest. 34, 711–721 (1955)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Healey, L.A., Harrison, M., Decker, J.L.: Uricosuric effect of chlorprothixene. New Engl. J. Med. 272, 526–527(1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Healey, L. A., Magid, G. J., Decker, J.L.: Uric acid retention due to hydrochlorthiazide. New Engl. J. Med. 261, 1358–1362 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hwang, B., Konicki, G., Dewey, R., Miao, C: Gas chromatograpgic determination of ticrynafen (tienilic acid) and its metabolites in urine, serum, and plasma of man and animals. J. Pharm. Sci. In press

    Google Scholar 

  • Inaba, T., Besley, M.I., Chow, E.J.: Determination of sulfinpyrazone in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 104, 165–169 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Israili, Z.H., Perel, J.M., Cunningham, R.F., Dayton, P.G., Yü, T.F., Gutman, A.B., Long, K.R., Long, R.C: Metabolites of probenecid. Chemical physical and pharmacological studies. J. med. Chem. 15, 709–713 (1972)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain, A.K., Ryan, J.R., McMahan, F. G., Noveck, R.J.: Effect of single oral doses of benzbromarone on serum and urinary uric acid. Arthr. and Rheum. 17, 149–157 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins, P., Rieselbach, R. E.: Unique characteristics of the mechanism for reabsorption of filtered versus secreted urate. Proc. Amer. Soc. clin. Invest. (Abst.) p. 36 a (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kates, R.E., Tozer, T.N., Sorby, D.L.: Increased methotrexate toxicity due to concurrent probenecid administration. Biochem. Pharmacol. 25, 1485–1488 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kenwright, S., Levi, A.J.: Impairment of hepatic uptake of rifamycin antibiotics by probenecid and its therapeutic implications. Lancet 1973 II, 1401–1404

    Google Scholar 

  • Kippen, I., Whitehouse, M.W., Klinenberg, J.R.: Pharmacology of uricosuric drugs. Ann. rheum. Dis. 33, 391–396 (1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirsch, R., Kamisaka, K., Fleischner, G., Arias, I. M.: Structure and functional studies of ligandin, a major renal organic anion binding protein. J. clin. Invest. 55, 1009–1019 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, J. O., Finland, M.: Ampicillin activity in vitro and absorption and excretion in normal young men. Amer. J. med. Sci. 245, 544–555 (1963)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klinenberg, J.R., Kippen, I.: The binding of urate to plasma protein determined by means of equilibrium dialysis. J. Lab. clin. Med. 75, 503–510 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koch-Weser, J., Sellars, E.M.: Binding of drugs to serum albumin. New Engl. J. Med. 294, 311–316 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovarsky, J., Holmes, E., Kelley, W.N.: Absence of significant urate binding to human serum proteins. Clin. Res. 24, 21A (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramp, R., Lenoir, R.: Distal permeability to urate and effects of benzofuran derrivatives in the rat kidney. Amer. J. Physiol. 228, 875–883 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemieux, G., Kiss, A., Vinay, R, Gougoux, A.: Nature of the uricosuric effect of tienilic acid, a new diuretic. Kidney Int. 12, 104–114 (1977)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lemieux, G., Vinay, R, Gougoux, A., Michaud, G.: Nature of the uricosuric action of benziodarone. Amer. J. Physiol. 224, 1440–1449 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lieber, C.S., Jones, D.P., Lasowsky, M.S., Davidson, C.S.: Interrelation of uric acid and ethanol metabolism in man. J. clin. Invest. 41, 1863–1870 (1962)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masbernard, A., Giudicelli, C.P.: Etude clinique de l’action antihypertensive de l’acide chloro-2, 3(tienil-2-ceto)-phenoxyacetique en administration prolongée. Lyon Med. 232, 165–174 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • May, D.G., Weiner, I.M.: Bidirectional active transport of n-hydroxy-benzoate in proximal tubules of dogs. Amer. J. Physiol. 218, 430–436 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meisel, A.D., Diamond, H.S.: Inhibition of probenecid uricosuria by pyrazinamide and paraaminohippurate. Amer. J. Physiol. 232, F 222–F 226 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melethil, S., Conway, W.D.: Urinary excretion of probenecid and its metabolites in humans as a function of dose. J. Pharm. Sci. 65, 861–865 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mischler, T.W., Sugerman, A.A., Willard, D.A., Brannick, L. J., Neiss, E.S.: Influence of probenecid and food on the bioavailability of cephardine in normal subjects. J. clin. Pharmacol. 14, 604–611(1974)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mudge, G.H., Berndt, W.O., Valtin, H.: Tubular transport of urea, glucose, phosphate, uric acid, sulfate, and thiosulfate. In: Orloff, J., Berliner, R.W. (Eds.): Handbook of Physiology, Section 8, Renal Physiology, pp. 587–652. Washington, D.C.: American Physiological Society 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, T., Goldberg, M.: Chronic interstitial nephritis: Etiologic factors. Ann. Intern. Med. 82, 453–459 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nechay, B.R., Nechay, L.: Effects of probenecid, sodium salicylate, 2, 4-dinitrophenol and pyrazinamide on renal secretion of uric acid in chickens. J. Pharm, exp. Ther. 126, 291–295 (1959)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oyer, J. H., Wagner, S.L., Schmid, F.R.: Suppression of salicylate-induced uricosuria by phenylbutazone. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 251, 39–45 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Perel, J.M., Dayton, P.G., Snell, M.M., Yü, T.F., Gutman, A.B.: Studies of interactions among drugs in man at the renal level: Probenecid and sulfinpyrazone. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 10, 834–840 (1969)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Perel, J.M., Levitt, M., Dunner, D.L.: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid probenecid concentration as related to accumulation of acidic biogenic amine metabolites in man. Psychopharmacology 35, 83–90(1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Postlethwaite, A.E., Kelley, W.N.: Uricosuric effect of radiocontrast agents: A study in man of four commonly used preparations. Ann. intern. Med. 74, 845–852 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Postlethwaite, A.E., Ramsdell, C.M., Kelley, W.N.: Uricosuric effect of an anticholinergic agent in hyperuricemie subjects. Arch. int. Med. 134, 270–276 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, D.R., Weiner, I.M., Steele, T.H.: Diuretic-induced uricosuria: interaction with pyrazinoate transport in man. J. Pharm, exp. Ther. 200, 58–64 (1977)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reese, O.G., Steele, T.H.: Renal transport of urate during diuretic-induced hypouricemia. Amer. J. Med. 60, 973–979 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rieselbach, R. E., Steele, T.H.: Influence of the kidney upon urate homeostasis in health and disease. Amer. J. Med. 56, 666–675 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizzuto, V. J., Inglesby, T.V., Grace, W.J.: Probenecid (Benemid) intoxication with status epilepti-cus. Amer. J. Med. 38, 646–648 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sabih, K., Klaassen, C. D., Sabih, K.: Combined GC and high resolution mass spectrometric determination of probenecid. J. Pharm. Sci. 60, 745–751 (1971)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schacter, D., Manis, J.G.: Salicylate and salicyl conjugates: Fluorometric estimation, biosynthesis and renal excretion in man. J. clin. Invest. 37, 800–807 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, D.S., Fox, I.H.: The pharmacology of hyperuricemic effect of benzbromarone. J. Rheumatol. 19, 183–190 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sirota, J.H., Yü, T.F., Gutman, A.B.: Effect of benemid on urate clearance and discrete renal functions in gouty subjects. J. clin. Invest. 31, 692–701 (1952)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skeith, M.D., Simkin, P.A., Healey, L.A.: Renal excretion of indomethacin and its inhibition by probenecid. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 9, 89–93 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smythe, H.A., Ogryzlo, M.A., Murphy, E.A., Mustard, J.F.: The effect of sulfinpyrazone (Anturan) on platelet economy and blood coagulation in man. Can. med. Ass. J. 92, 818–821 (1965)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sorenson, L.B.: Role of the intestinal tract in the elimination of uric acid. Arthr. and Rheum. 8, 694–703 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorenson, L.B., Levinson, D.J.: Clinical evaluation of benzbromarone; a new uricosuric drug. Arthr. and Rheum. 19, 183–190 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Spector, R., Lorenzo, A. V.: The effects of salicylate and probenecid on the cerebrospinal fluid transport of penicillin, aminosalicylic acid and iodide. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 188, 55–65 (1974)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, T.H., Boner, G.: Origin of the uricosuric response. J. clin. Invest. 52, 1368–1375 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, T.H., Oppenheimer, S.: Factors affecting urate excretion following diuretic administration in man. Amer. J. Med. 47, 464–574 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele, T.H., Rieselbach, R.E.: The renal mechanism for urate in normal man. Amer. J. Med. 43, 868–875 (1967)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, T.H., Rieselbach, R.E.: Renal urate excretion in normal man. Nephron 14, 21–32 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steele, P. P., Weily, H.S., Genton, E.: Platelet survival and adhesiveness in recurrent venous thrombosis. New Engl. J. Med. 288, 1148–1152 (1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stote, R.M., Maass, A.R., Cherrill, D.A., Mirza, M.A., Beg, M.D., Alexander, F.: Tienilic acid: A potent diuretic-uricosuric agent. J. Pharmacol. Clin. Special Issue, 19–27 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  • Talbott J.H., Norcross, B.M., Lockie, L.M.: The clinical and metabolic effects of Benemid in patients with gout. Trans. Amer. Ass. Phycns 14, 372–377 (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamarkin, N.R., Goodwin, F. K., Axelrod, J.: Rapid elevation of biogenic amine metabolites in human CSF following probenecid. Life Sci. 9, 1397–1408 (1970)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vogin, E.E., Scott, W., Boyd, J., Bear, W. T., Mattis, P.A.: Effect of probenecid on indocyanine green clearance. J. Pharmacol, exp. Ther. 152, 509–515 (1966)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weily, H. S., Genton, E.: Altered platelet function in patients with prosthetic mitral valves: Effects of sulfinpyrazone therapy. Circulation 42, 967–972 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, I.M.: Transport of weak acids and bases. In: Orloff, J., Berliner, R.W. (Eds.): Handbook of Physiology, Section 81, Renal Physiology, pp. 521–554. Washington, D.C.: American Physiological Society, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, I.M.: Comparative pharmacology of uricosuric drugs. Gen. Pharmacol. 7, 1–4 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, I.M., Blanchard, K.C., Mudge, G.H.: Factors influencing renal excretion of foreign organic acids. Amer. J. Physiol. 207, 953–963 (1964)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, J.M., Fanelli, G.M.: Renal urate excretion in animal models. Nephron. 14, 33–47 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, I.M., Tinker, J.P.: Pharmacology of pyrazinamide: metabolic and renal function studies related to the mechanism of drug induced urate retention. J. Pharm, exp. Ther. 180, 411–434 (1972)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, I.M., Washington, J. A., Mudge, G.H.: Studies on the renal excretion of salicylate in the dog. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 105, 284–297 (1959)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner J.M., Washington, J.A., Mudge, G.H.: On the mechanism of action of probenecid on renal tubular secretion. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 106, 336–346 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinman, E. J., Eknoyan, G.: Chronic affects of chlorothiazide on reabsorption by the proximal tubule of the rat. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med. 49, 107–113 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinman, E. J., Eknoyan, G., Suki, W.N.: The influence of extracellular fluid volume on the tubular reabsorption of uric acid. J. clin. Invest. 55, 283–291 (1975)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinman, E. J., Knight, T. F., McKenzie, R., Eknoyan, G.: Dissociation of urate from sodium transport in the rat proximal tubule. Kidney Int. 10, 295–300 (1976)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinshilboum, R.M., Geldstein, J.L., Kelley, W.N.: Prolonged hypouricemia associated with acute chlorprothixene ingestion. Arthr. and Rheum. 18, 739–741 (1975)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfson, W.Q., Cohn, C., Levine, R., Huddlestun, B.: Transport and excretion of uric acid in man. III. Physiological significance of the uricosuric effect of caronamide in man. Amer. J. Med. 4, 774 (1948)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyngaarden, J.B., Kelley, W.N.: Gout and Hyperuricemia. New York-San Francisco-London: Grune and Stratton 1976

    Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T. F.: Milestones in the treatment of gout. Amer. J. Med. 56, 676–685 (1974)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F.: Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of a new uricosuric agent, benzbromarone. J. Rheumatol. 3, 305–312 (1976)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F., Burns, J.J., Gutman, A.B.: Results of a clinical trial of G-28315 a sulfoxide analog of phenylbutazone, as a uricosuric agent in gouty subjects. Arthr. and Rheum. 1, 532–543 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F., Dayton, P.G., Gutman, A.B.: Mutual suppression of the uricosuric effects of sulfinpyrazone and salicylate: a study of interactions between drugs. J. clin. Invest. 42, 1330–1339 (1963)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F., Gutman, A.B.: Paradoxical retention of uric acid by uricosuric drugs in low dosage. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 90, 542–547 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yli, T.F., Gutman, A.B.: Study of the paradoxical effects of salicylate in low, intermediate and high dosage on the renal mechanisms for excretion of urate in men. J. clin. Invest. 38, 1298–1315(1959)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F., Perel, J., Berger, L., Roboz J., Israili, Z.H., Dayton, P. G.: The effect of interaction of pyrazinamide and probenecid on urinary uric acid excretion in man. Amer. J. Med. 63, 723–728 (1977)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yü, T.F., Sirota, J. H., Berger, L., Halpern, M., Gutman, A.B.: Effect of sodium lactate infusion on urate clearance in man. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 96, 809–813 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • Zacchei, A.G., Weidner, L.: GLC determination of probenecid in biological fluids. J. Pharm. Sci. 62, 1972–1974(1973)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zins, G.R., Weiner, I.M.: Bidirectional urate transport limited to the proximal tubule in dogs. Amer. J. Physiol. 215, 411–422 (1968)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zollner, N., Griebsch, A., Fink, J. K.: On the effect of benzbomarone on serum uric acid levels and uric acid excretion in patients with gout. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 95, 2405–2412 (1970)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1978 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Diamond, H.S. (1978). Uricosuric Drugs. In: Kelley, W.N., Weiner, I.M. (eds) Uric Acid. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 51. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66867-8_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-66867-8_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-66869-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-66867-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics