Abstract
Shell theory attempts the impossible: to provide a two-dimensional representation of an intrinsically three-dimensional phenomenon. A shell occupies a volume in space; indeed its relative thickness is the crucial parameter governing its response to external loads. Yet any theory of shells, virtually by definition, deals with variables defined only on a reference surface, normally the middle surface. The expectation, based on intuition and experience, is of course that the thinner the shell, the more accurately the actual three-dimensional stress and displacement fields can be inferred from a two-dimensional solution (except possibly near edges or regions of highly concentrated loading). The need of a two-dimensional theory is obvious because, even in the present computer age, such a theory is from the mathematical point of view immensely more tractable than a three-dimensional one.
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Koiter, W.T., Simmonds, J.G. (1973). Foundations of shell theory. In: Becker, E., Mikhailov, G.K. (eds) Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. IUTAM Symposia. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65590-6_11
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