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Visual Stability and Voluntary Eye Movements

  • Chapter
Central Processing of Visual Information A: Integrative Functions and Comparative Data

Part of the book series: Handbook of Sensory Physiology ((1536,volume 7 / 3 / 3 A))

Abstract

When the eyes or the body are moved so that the retinal image changes, the resulting signals from the retina resemble in some respects those which would have been generated if the eyes had been stationary and part of the visual world had moved. When the image displacement is not due to use of the oculomotor or locomotor system, a strong impression of motion-of-the-visual-scene is created. This is so even when the displacement is produced by the voluntary use of other muscles, for example by tapping the eyelid with a finger. During normal exploratory eye-movement and locomotion, however, no such instability of the visual world is seen. As we visually examine an object or walk towards it, it is perceived as a stationary structure despite the jerky translations, shearing motions or pulsatile expansions that take place in its retinal image. Conversely, if paralysis of extra-ocular muscles (Helmholtz, 1866; Mach, 1906) or the use of optical image-stabilizing apparatus (Ditchbubn and Ginsborg, 1952) prevents the image from changing in the way that would normally match the voluntary movement in question, illusory motion-of-the-visual-world is seen even though the retinal image is stationary. (That this applies not only to stabilization against image translation can easily be verified by looking at a nearby object through high-powered binoculars while walking towards it).

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    Donald M. MacKay

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MacKay, D.M. (1973). Visual Stability and Voluntary Eye Movements. In: Jung, R. (eds) Central Processing of Visual Information A: Integrative Functions and Comparative Data. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol 7 / 3 / 3 A. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-65352-0_5

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