Abstract
The glacial record has proven to be a most valuable source of information about climate change, major geologic events, and variations in global cycling of chemical species (Barnola et al., 1987; Dansgaard et al., 1989; Mayewski et al., 1990; Taylor et al., 1993). This information has been obtained by noting variations in chemical concentrations and in ice properties with depth in ice sheets worldwide (Delmas and Legrand, 1989). Virtually all of the chemical constituents found in the world’s glaciers, aside from those near bedrock, originally came from the atmosphere. Yet published studies of ice core data have seldom incorporated information about the atmosphere or air-to-snow transfer into their interpretations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Albert, M.R., E.M. Arons, and R.E. Davis, Firn properties affecting gas exchange at Summit, Greenland: Recent results on near-surface ventilation possibilities, In: ’Processes of Chemical Exchange between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, ’ E.W.Wolff and R.C. Bales (ed), NATO ASI Series I., Springer Verlag, Berlin, in press, 1996 (this volume).
Bales, R.C., Conceptual framework for interpretation of exchange processes, In:’Processes of Chemical Exchange between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, ’ E.W.Wolff and R.C. Bales (ed), NATO ASI Series I., Springer Verlag, Berlin, in press, 1996 (this volume).
Bainola, J.M., D. Raynaud, Y.S. Korotkevich, and C. Lorius, Vostok ice core provides 160,000-year record of atmospheric COl, Nature, 329, 408–414, 1987.
Barrie, L.A., Scavenging ratios, wet deposition, and in-cloud oxidation: an application to the oxides of of sulphur and nitrogen, J. Geophys Res, 90, 5789–5799, 1985.
Barrie, L.A., D. Fisher, and R.M. Koerner, Twentieth century trends in Arctic air pollution revealed by conductivity and acidity observations in snow and ice in the Canadian high Arctic, Atmos. Environ., 19, 2055–2063, 1985.
Barrie, L.A., Scavenging ratios: Black magic or a useful scientific tool?, In: ’Precipitation, Scavenging and Atmospheric Surface Exchange ’, S.E. Schwartz and W.G.N. Slinn (ed), Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Vol. 3, pp. 403–419, 1992.
Bergin, M.H., J.L. Jaffrezo, C.I. Davidson, R. Caldow, and J.E. Dibb, Fluxes of chemical species to the Greenland Ice Sheet at Summit by fog and dry deposition, Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 3207–3215, 1994.
Bergin, M.H., C.I. Davidson, J.L. Jaffrezo, J.E. Dibb, R. Hillamo, H.D. Kuhns, and T. Makela, “The contributions of wet, fog, and dry deposition to the summer flux of S042” at Summit, Greenland, In: ’Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles R. Delmas (ed), NATO ASI Series, Springer Verlag, Berlin, in press, 1995a.
Bergin, M.H., J.L. Jaffrezo, C.I. Davidson, J.E. Dibb, S.N. Pandis, R. Hillamo, W. Maenhaut, H.D. Kuhns, and T. Makela, The contributions of snow, fog, and dry deposition to the summer flux of anions and cations at Summit, Greenland, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 1995b.
Borys, R.D., E.E. Hindman, and P.J. Demott, The chemical fractionation of atmospheric aerosol as a result of snow crystal formation and growth, J. Atmos. Chem., 7, 213–239, 1988.
Borys, R.D., D. Del Vecchio, J.L. Jaffrezo, J.E. Dibb, and D.L. Mitchell, Field observations, measurements and preliminary results from a study of wet deposition processes influencing snow and ice chemistry at Summit, Greenland, In: ’Precipitation, Scavenging and Atmospheric Surface Exchange\S.E. Schwartz and W.G.N. Slinn (ed), Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Vol. 3, pp. 1693–1702, 1992.
Borys, R.D., D. Del Vecchio, J.L. Jaffrezo, C.I. Davidson, and D.L. Mitchell, Assessment of ice particle processes at Dye-3, Greenland, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 2815–2822, 1993.
Chen, J.P. and P.J. Crutzen, Solute effects on the evaporation of ice particles, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18,847–18,859, 1994.
Collett, J., B. Oberholzer, and J. Staehelin, Cloud chemistry at Mt. Rigi, Switzerland Dependence on drop size and relationship to precipitation chemistry, Atmos Environ., 27A, 33–42, 1993.
Conklin, M.H., and R. Bales, SO2 uptake on ice spheres: liquid nature of the ice-air interface, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 16,851–16,855, 1993.
Cunningham, J. and E.D. Waddington, Air flow and dry deposition of non-sea salt sulfate in polar firn: paleoclimatic implications, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 2943–2956, 1993.
Dansgaard, W., J.W.C. White, and S.J. Johnsen, The abrupt termination of the Younger Dryas climate event, Nature, 339, 532–534, 1989.
Davidson C.I., Mechanisms of wet and dry deposition of atmospheric contaminants to snow surfaces, In ’The Environmental Record in Glaciers and Ice Sheets’, H. Oeschger and CC. Langway, Jr. (ed), Dahlem Workshop Report, Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 29–51, 1989.
Davidson, C.I., S. Santhanam, R.C. Fortmann, and M.P. Olson, Atmospheric transport and deposition of trace elements to the Greenland Ice Sheet, Atmos. Environ., 19, 2065–2081, 1985.
Davidson, C.I., J.R. Harrington, M.J. Stephenson, M.J. Small, F.P. Boscoe, and R.P. Gandley, Seasonal variations in sulfate, nitrate, and chloride in the Greenland Ice Sheet: Relation to atmospheric concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 23, 2483–2493, 1989.
Davidson, C.I., and Y.L. Wu, Dry deposition of particles and vapors, In ’Acidic Precipitation’, Vol. 3, S.E. Lindberg, A.L. Page, and S.A. Norton (ed), Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 103–216, 1990.
Davidson. C.I., Jaffrezo J.L., and P.A. Mayewski, Arctic air pollution as reflected in snowpits and ice cores, In Pollution of the Arctic Atmosphere\W.T. Sturges (ed), Elsevier Science Publishers, London, pp. 43–95, 1991.
Davidson, C.I., J.L. Jaffrezo, B.W. Mosher, J.E. Dibb, R.D. Borys, B.A. Bodhaine, C.F. Boutron, U. Gorlach, H. Cachier, J. Ducret, J.L. Colin, N.Z. Heidam, K. Kemp, and R. Hillamo, Chemical constituents in the air and snow at Dye 3, Greenland. I: Seasonal variations, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 2709–2722, 1993a.
Davidson, C.I., J.L. Jaffrezo, B.W. Mosher, J.E. Dibb, R.D. Borys, B.A. Bodhaine, C.F. Boutron, F.M. Ducroz, H. Cachier, J. Ducret, J.L. Colin, N.Z. Heidam, K. Kemp, and R. Hillamo, Chemical constituents in the air and snow at Dye 3, Greenland. II: Analysis of episodes in April 1989, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 2723–2737, 1993b.
Delmas, R.J., and M. Legrand, Long-term changes in the concentrations of major chemical compounds (soluble and insoluble) along deep ice cores, In ’The Environmental Record in Glaciers and Ice Sheets’, H. Oeschger and CC. Langway, Jr. (ed), Dahlem Workshop Report, Wiley and Sons, Chichester, pp. 319–341, 1989.
Dibb, J.E., Overview of field data on the deposition of aerosol-associated species to the surface snow of polar glaciers (emphasizing recent work in Greenland), In: ’Processes of Chemical Exchange between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, ’ E.W.Wolff and R.C Bales (ed), NATO ASI Series I., Springer Verlag, Berlin, in press, 1996 (this volume).
Dibb, J.E., J.L. Jaffrezo, and M. Legrand, Initial findings of recent investigations of air-snow relationships in the Sinrirnit region of the Greenland Ice Sheet, J. Atmos. Chem., 14, 167–180, 1992.
Dibb, J.E. and J.L. Jaffrezo, Beryllium-7 and Lead-210 in aerosol and snow in the Dye 3 Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program, Atmos. Environ., 27 A, 2751–2760, 1993.
Dibb J. E., Talbot R. W., and Bergin M. H. Soluble acidic species in air and snow at Summit, Greenland. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27,1627–1630,1994.
Dominé F., Thibert E., Silvente E., Legrand M., and Jaffrezo J.L., Determining past atmospheric HCl mixing ratios from ice core analysis, submitted for publication, 1995.
Engelmann, R.J , Scavenging predictions using ratios of concentrations in air and precipitation, In: Precipitation Scavenging (1970), R.J. Engelmann and W.G.N. Slinn (ed), CONF-700601, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, pp. 475–486, 1970.
Friedlander, S.K., Smoke, Dust, and Haze, Wiley and Sons, New York, 1977.
Fuhrer, K., M. Hutterli, and J.R. McConnell, Overview of field data for reversibly deposited species, In: ’Processes of Chemical Exchange between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, ’ E.W. Wolff and R.C. Bales (eds.), NATO ASI Series I, Springer Verlag, Berlin etc., 1996 (this volume).
Hillamo, R.E., V.M. Kerminen, W. Maenhaut, J.L. Jaffrezo, S. Balachandran, and CI. Davidson, Size distributions of atmospheric trace elements at Dye 3, Greenland I. Distribution characteristics and dry deposition velocities, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 2787–2802, 1993.
Ibrahim, M., L.A. Barrie, and F. Fanaki, An experimental investigation of the dry deposition of particles to snow, pine trees, and artificial collectors, Atmos. Environ., 17, 781–788. 1983.
Jaffrezo, J.L. and C.I. Davidson, The Dye 3 Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (DGASP): An Overview, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 2703–2707, 1993.
Jaffrezo, J.L., R.E. Hillamo, C.I. Davidson, and W. Maenhaut, Size distributions of atmospheric trace elements at Dye 3, Greenland II. Sources and transport, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 2803–2814, 1993.
Jaffrezo, J.L., C.I. Davidson, M. Legrand, and J.E. Dibb, Sulfate and MSA in the air and snow on the Greenland Ice Sheet, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1241–1253, 1994.
Jaffrezo, J.L., J.E. Dibb, R.C. Bales, and A. Neftel, Current status of atmospheric studies at Summit (Greenland) and implications for future research, In: ’Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles\R. Delmas (ed), NATO ASI Series, Springer Verlag, Berlin, in press, 1995.
Kalina, M.F. and H. Puxbaum, A study of the influence of riming of ice crystals on snow chemistry during different seasons in precipitating continental clouds, Atmos. Environ., 28, 3311–3328, 1994.
Kuhns, H.D., C.I. Davidson, M.H. Bergin, J.L. Jaffrezo, J.E. Dibb, C. Stearns, and R. Caldow, Summertime NH4+, S042, and MSA aerosol at Summit, Greenland, to be submitted for publication, 1995.
Lambert, G., B. Ardouin, and A. Mesbah-Bendezu, Atmosphere to snow transfers in Antarctica. In: ’Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition, and Resuspension, ’ H.R. Pruppacher, R.G. Semonin, and W.G.N. Slinn (ed), Elsevier, New York, pp. 1353–1360, 1983.
Maenhaut, W., R. Hillamo, T. Makela, J.L. Jaffrezo, M.H. Bergin, and C.I. Davidson, A new cascade impactor for aerosol sampling with subsequent PIXE analysis, submitted for publication, 1995.
Mayewski, P.A., W.B. Lyons, M.J. Spencer, M.S. Twickler, C.F. Buck, and S. Whitlow, An ice core record of atmospheric response to anthropogenic sulphate and nitrate, Nature, 346, 554–556, 1990.
Miller, N.L., and P.K. Wang, Theoretical determination of the efficiency of aerosol particle collection by falling columnar ice crystals, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1656–1663, 1989.
Mitra, S.K., U. Barth, and H.R. Pruppacher, A laboratory study of the efficiency with which aerosol particles are scavenged by snowflakes, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 1247–1254, 1990.
Mosher, B.W., P. Winkler, and J.L. Jaffrezo, Seasonal atmospheric chemistry at Dye 3, Greenland, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 2761–2772, 1993.
Neftel, A., The record of gases and reactive species in ice cores, and problems of interpretation, In: ’Processes of Chemical Exchange between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, ’ E.W.Wolff and R.C. Bales (ed), NATO ASI Series I., Springer Verlag, Berlin, in press, 1996 (this volume).
Noone, K.J., J.A. Ogren, A. Hallberg, J. Heintzenberg, J. Ström, H.-C. Hansson, B. Svenningsson, A. Wiedensohler, S. Fuzzi, M.C. Facchini, B.G. Ahrends, and A. Berner, Changes in aerosol size-and phase distributions due to physical an chemical processes in fog, Tellus, 44B, 489–504, 1992.
Pandis, S.N., and J.H. Seinfeld, Mathetical modeling of acid deposition due to radiation fog, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 12,911–12,923, 1989.
Pomeroy J. W., Davies T. D., and Tranter M. The impact of blowing snow on snow chemistry, ’Seasonal Snowpacks, ’NATO ASI Series, Vol. 28, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 71–113, 1991.
Pomeroy, J.W. and H.G. Jones, Windblown snow: sublimation, transport, and changes to polar snow, In: ’Processes of Chemical Exchange between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, ’ E.W.Wolff and R.C. Bales (ed), NATO ASI Series I., Springer Verlag, Berlin, in press, 1996 (this volume).
Pruppacher, H.R. and J.D. Klett, Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation, D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Holland, 1980. Schumann, T., Aerosol and hydrometeor concentrations and their chemical composition during winter along a mountain slope-3. Size differentiated in-cloud scavenging efficiencies, Atmos. Environ., 25A, 809–824, 1991.
Scott, B.C., Sulfate washout ratios in winter storms, J. App. Met., 20, 619–625, 1981.
Silvente, E., and M. Legrand, A preliminary study of the air-snow relationship for nitric acid in Greenland, In: ’Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles ’, R Delmas (ed), NATO-ASI Series, Springer Verlag, Berlin, in press, 1995.
Slinn, W.G.N., Precipitation scavenging, In ’Atmospheric Sciences and Power Production ’, D. Randerson (ed), Technical Information Center, Oak Ridge, TN: U.S. Department of Energy, 1984.
Stull, R.B., An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Kluwer Academi Publishers, Dordrecht, Holland, 1988.
Taylor, K.C., G.W. Lamorey, G.A Doyle, R.B. Alley, P.M Grootes, P.A. Mayewski, J.W. White, and L.K. Barlow, The ’flickering switch’ of late Pleistocene climate change, Nature, 361, 432–436, 1993.
Waddington, E.D., J. Cunningham, and S.L. Harder, The effects of snow ventilation on chemical concentrations, In: ’Processes of Chemical Exchange between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, ’ E.W. Wolff and R.C. Bales (ed), NATO ASI Series I., Springer Verlag, Berlin, in press, 1996 (this volume).
Wahlin, P., One year’s continuous aerosol sampling at Summit in central Greenland, In: ’Processes of Chemical Exchange between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow, ’ E.W.Wolff and R.C. Bales (ed), NATO ASI Series I., Springer Verlag, Berlin, in press, 1996 (this volume).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Davidson, C.I., Bergin, M.H., Kuhns, H.D. (1996). The Deposition Of Particles and Gases to Ice Sheets. In: Wolff, E.W., Bales, R.C. (eds) Chemical Exchange Between the Atmosphere and Polar Snow. NATO ASI Series, vol 43. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61171-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61171-1_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-64730-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-61171-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive