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Sorption und Desorption hydrophober organischer Schadstoffe in Aquifermaterial und Sedimenten

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Geochemie und Umwelt

Zusammenfassung

Untergrundverunreinigungen durch organische Schadstoffe stellen ein weitverbreitetes Problem hinsichtlich der Boden-und Grundwasserqualität dar. Sie machen in Baden-Württemberg über 90% aller bekannten Untergrundverunreinigungen aus (Stand 1996). Die massivsten Verunreinigungen gehen auf Punktquellen (lokale „Unfälle“, undichte Leitungen etc.) zurück. Zu den am häufigsten angetroffenen Schadstoffen zählen hier die organischen Lösemittel (chlorierte C1-C2 Kohlenwasserstoffe, aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe), Kraftstoffe, Schmiermittel, (aliphatische und aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe), Stein-und Braunkohlenteer (mit polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen), Holzschutzmittel (z.T. mit Pentachlorphenol), Transformatorenflüssigkeiten (polychlorierte Biphenyle), Rückstände aus der Pestizidproduktion (z.B. Hexachlorcyclohexan - Lindan) und Weichmacher (Phthalate). Flächige Konta-minationen, die im allgemeinen durch geringere Konzentrationen gekennzeichnet sind, gehen meist auf die Anwendung von Pestiziden in der Landwirtschaft oder atmosphärische Deposition einer Vielzahl anthropogener organischer Verbindungen zurück. Das Verhalten chemischer Verbindungen in der Umwelt und ihre Persistenz hängen von deren physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften ab (Box 24.1).

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Grathwohl, P. (1997). Sorption und Desorption hydrophober organischer Schadstoffe in Aquifermaterial und Sedimenten. In: Geochemie und Umwelt. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59038-2_24

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