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Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism: Bioethanol and Other Biofuels

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Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism

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Abstract

Biofuels, such as ethanol, biodiesel and biogas, have the potential to replace a large proportion of transportation fuels that presently are mainly produced from fossil raw materials. Bioethanol, which is the product of the fermentative energy metabolism of yeasts, is currently the major biofuel on the global market. It is to a large extent generated from first-generation substrates, i.e. food grade raw materials. There are huge research efforts to develop ethanol processes based on non-food lignocellulosic materials. Using—omics technologies, metabolic and evolutionary engineering, strains of, predominantly, Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been isolated that display enhanced inhibitor and general stress tolerance, lowered glycerol production and a broadened substrate spectrum (including the fermentation of pentose sugars released from hemicellulose). Expression of these features in industrial isolates may within a relatively short time generate strains robust enough for commercial ethanol production from lignocellulose. S. cerevisiae has also been modified to produce the advanced biofuel butanol. Although yields and production rates are still below the threshold for industrial applications, tools for further developments are now available. Biodiesel production by either oleaginous yeast species that can naturally accumulate high amounts of lipids or by genetically engineered S. cerevisiae are further examples of how yeasts can be used for biofuel production. Sustainable production of biofuels requires the integration of all steps of handling biomass, including preservation, pretreatment, fermentation and conversion of side products into high value compounds. In all these steps, yeasts have great technological potential.

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Acknowledgments

I gratefully acknowledge the support for the biofuel-related research of my group from the MicroDrivE programme of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, the Swedish Energy Authority (Energimyndigheten), the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas) and the Visby programme of the Swedish Institute. I wish to thank Mattias Carlsson for his advices during writing the manuscript and Dr Su-Lin Leong for linguistic advice.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, SE-75007, Uppsala, Sweden

    Volkmar Passoth

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  1. Dept. Cell & Organism Biology, University of Lund Fac. Science, Lund, Sweden

    Jure Piškur

  2. Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Concetta Compagno

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Passoth, V. (2014). Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism: Bioethanol and Other Biofuels. In: Piškur, J., Compagno, C. (eds) Molecular Mechanisms in Yeast Carbon Metabolism. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55013-3_9

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