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Functional Feeds in Aquaculture

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

The development of functional feed (GlossaryTerm

FF

) represents a great opportunity in the aquaculture industry. GlossaryTerm

FF

must promote the growth and health of cultivated organisms, improve their immune systems, and induce physiological benefits beyond traditional feeds. GlossaryTerm

FF

must be economically attractive and environmentally friendly. In this sense, the inclusion of animal products in GlossaryTerm

FF

formulations must be partially or totally eliminated, increasing the inclusion of alternative economical vegetable products. However, the kind and amount of vegetable protein, carbohydrates (GlossaryTerm

CHO

), and lipids added to formulations are of great concern for growth, health, environmental, and economical issues. Therefore, deficiencies in proteases, carbohydrolases, and lipases in shrimp/fish are a major impediment to the digestion and assimilation of vegetable sources, limiting its high-level inclusion in formulations. In this sense, the utilization of probiotic bacteria has emerged as a solution with huge applications in the aquaculture industry. Today, Bacillus species are the most investigated bacteria for animal probiotic development due to:

  1. a)

    The versatility of their growth nutrients

  2. b)

    High level of enzyme production

  3. c)

    Secretion of antimicrobial compounds.

In addition, Bacillus subtilis (GlossaryTerm

Bs

) is generally recognized as safe (GlossaryTerm

GRAS

) by the Food and Drug Administration (GlossaryTerm

FDA

), meaning that it is harmless to animal and humans. In this work, we present the potential benefits of the utilization of GlossaryTerm

FF

in the aquaculture industry.

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Abbreviations

Bs:

Bacillus subtilis

CHO:

carbohydrate

EFC:

efficiency of feed conversion

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization

FCF:

food conversion factor

FCR:

food conversion ratio

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

FF:

functional feed

FM:

fish meal

GRAS:

generally recognized as safe

MT:

metric ton

NSP:

non-starch polysaccharide

PER:

protein efficiency ratio

SBM:

soybean meal

SGR:

specific growth rate

SL:

level of significance

ω-3:

Omega-3 fatty acid

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Km 107 Carretera, 22860, Tijuana-Ensenada, Mexico

    José de Jesús Paniagua-Michel

  2. Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Departement of Marine Biotechnology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE),, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico

    Jorge Olmos Soto

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Laboratorio de Nutrición Acuícola, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Ensenada, B.C., Mexico

    Lus Lopez

  4. Centro de Innovación Biotecnológica AC (CENBIOTEC), 22860, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico

    Leonel Ochoa

Authors
  1. Jorge Olmos Soto
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  2. José de Jesús Paniagua-Michel
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  3. Lus Lopez
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  4. Leonel Ochoa
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jorge Olmos Soto .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine-Bio. Convergence Science Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Yongdang Campus, 365, Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, 608-739, Busan, Korea

    Se-Kwon Kim Prof.

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Olmos Soto, J., Paniagua-Michel, J.d.J., Lopez, L., Ochoa, L. (2015). Functional Feeds in Aquaculture. In: Kim, SK. (eds) Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53971-8_59

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