Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Triassic and Jurassic Marine Calcareous Algae: A Critical Review

  • Chapter
Calcareous Algae and Stromatolites

Abstract

The information on benthic Triassic and Jurassic marine algae is scattered in about 1600 articles, most of which have been published during the past two decades. The Triassic algal floras yield porostromate “blue-green algae”, udoteacean and dasycladacean green algae as well as solenoporacean and gymnocodiacean red algae. These groups also occur in the Jurassic, except for the gymnocodiaceans; in addition the first corallinaceans are recorded from the Upper Jurassic. About 50 genera and 200 species have been described from the Triassic, and about 60 genera and 130 species from the Jurassic.

Lower Triassic algae (except spongiostromates) are lacking on a global scale. The extinction rate near the Permian/Triassic boundary is 56% for dasycladacean genera and 53% for all algal genera. Because of an absence of originations and high extinction rates at the end of the Middle Permian, Upper Permian algal floras are characterized by low-diverse assemblages consisting predominantly of gymnocodiaceans and some dasycladaceans. Most dasycladaceans became extinct prior to gymnocodiaceans (as demonstrated by Late Permian floras from the Southern Alps and China), probably because gymnocodiaceans were better adapted to fluctuating salinity conditions during periods of regression.

The first Triassic skeletal algae are recorded from the early Middle Anisian of the western Tethys. Reef associations composed of encrusting spongiostromates, porostromates and solenoporaceans can be compared with Upper Permian algal associations described from “algal/cement reefs”. Anisian lagoonal and platform environments are characterized by high-diverse dasycladacean floras which indicate a rapid post-Permian diversification. Diversity decreases from the Anisian to the Upper Triassic. Taxonomic turnover is high during Middle Triassic and Late Triassic but low at the Ladinian/Carnian boundary. Decreasing diversity is also evident within the four dasycladacean assemblages characteristic for Anisian to Rhaetian time intervals.

Liassic and early Middle Jurassic dasycladacean floras appear to be low-diverse subsequent to the Hettangiian-Sinemurian, but the information about Upper Liassic and Middle Jurassic algae is scanty. A significant increase in diversity during the Upper Jurassic reflects diversification during the Kimmeridgian and Portlandian (Tithonian).

Most Triassic and Jurassic time intervals are characterized by high origination rates at species level. Extinction rates are high during the Triassic and Liassic, low during the Middle Jurassic and increase significantly during the UpperJurassic. Major extinction events, noted for animal biota, can be recognized also on generic and partly on specific level for the dasycladacean algae.

Dasycladaceans and udoteaceans exhibit a Tethyan, predominantly pan-tropical dispersal pattern since the Middle Triassic. Isocrymal distributional patterns have been proved for Jurassic algae but might have also existed in the Triassic (indicated by Middle Triassic non-Tethyan dasycladacean floras and perhaps also by the first Triassic dasycladaceans found in western North America).

Utilization of Triassic and Jurassic algae in biostratigraphy is restricted to dasycladaceans and strongly affected by environmentally controlled distribution patterns. Algal assemblages, rather than the time-range of species, enable the recognition of time intervals which might correspond to several ammonite or conodont zones in the Triassic. Jurassic platform and platform-edge carbonates can be subdivided into facies-controlled time units (“coenozones”) which only partly might be regarded as synchronous within a global context. The stratigraphical range of Upper Jurassic dasycladaceans is relatively short for more than 50% of the species, especially during the Kimmeridgian and Portlandian.

The study of Triassic and Jurassic algae offers new insights into algae/sediment interactions, such as accumulation of bioclastic carbonate sands by halimediform green algae, evolution of spongiostromate and porostromate oncoids, together with the as yet not well understood significance of microbial crusts for the formation of carbonate buildups.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bassoullet J-P, Bernier P, Deloffre R, Genot P, Jaffrezo M, Poignant A-F, Sengonzac G (1975) Classification Criteria of Fossil Dasycladales. In: Flügel E (ed) Fossil algae. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 154–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Bassoullet J-P, Bernier P, Conrad M-A, Deloffre R, Jaffrezo M (1978) Les Algues Dasycladales du Jurassique et du Crétacé. Geobios Mem Spec 2: 330 pp, 40 pl

    Google Scholar 

  • Bassoullet J-P, Bernier P, Deloffre R, Genot P, Jaffrezo M, Vachard D (1979) Essai de classification de Dasycladales en tribus. Bull Cent Rech Explor Prod Elf-Aquitaine 3: 429–442

    Google Scholar 

  • Bassoullet J-P, Bernier P, Deloffre R, Genot P, Poncet J, Roux A (1983) Les Algues Udoteacées du Paléozoique au Cénozoique. Bull Cent Rech Explor Prod Elf-Aquitaine 7: 449–621

    Google Scholar 

  • Bassoulet J-P, Bernier P, Deloffre R, Genot P, Poncet J, Roux A (1984) La notion de genre chez les

    Google Scholar 

  • Algues fossiles B. — Les Chlorophyceae calcaires. Bull Soc Geol Fr Ser 7, 26:605–607

    Google Scholar 

  • Bissell HJ (1970) Petrology and petrography of Lower Triassic marine carbonates of Southern Nevada (USA). Int Sediment Petrogr Ser 14: 27 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Brachert TC (1986) Kontinuierliche und diskontinuierliche Sedimentation im süddeutschen Oberjura (unteres Kimmeridge; Ludwag/Oberfranken, Nördliche Frankenalb). Facies 15: 233–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bystricky J (1964) Slovensk ’ kras. Stratigrafia a Dasycladaceae mezozoika Slovenského krasu. Ustr Ustav Geol Bratislawa, 204 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Bystricky J (1984) Physoporella croatica Herak, 1958 of the Slovak Karst Anisian (Slovakia, The West Carpathian Mts.). Geol Zb Geol Carpath 35:507–533

    Google Scholar 

  • Castanier S, Maurin A, Bianchi A (1984) Participation bactérienne à la précipitation du carbonate. C R Acad Sci Paris 299: 1333–1336

    Google Scholar 

  • Catalov GA (1983) Triassic Oncoids from Central Balkanides (Bulgaria). In: Peryt TM (ed) Coated grains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 398–408

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Chiocchini M, Manicelli A, Molinari-Paganelli V, Tilia-Zuccari A (1979) Répartition stratigraphique des algues dasycladales et codiacées dans les successions mésozoiques de plate-forme carbonatée du Lazio centre-méridional ( Italie ). Bull Cent Rech Explor Prod Elf-Aquitaine 3: 525–535

    Google Scholar 

  • Crescenti U (1966) Osservazioni sulla stratigrafia dell’Apennino meridionale alla luce delle recenti ricerche micropaleontologiche. Boll Soc Geol Hal 85: 541–579

    Google Scholar 

  • Crescenti U (1971) Biostratigraphic correlations in the Jurassic facies of central Italy by means of microfossils. Ann Inst Geol Publ Hung 54: 209–213

    Google Scholar 

  • Cubaynes R, Deloffre R (1984) Tersella quercyensis n. sp., Algue dasycladacée du Toarcien du Quercy (France). Bull Cent Rech Explor Prod Elf-Aquitaine 8: 371–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuff J-P, Dauphin Y, Denis A, Gautret P, Lawniczak A, Raguidaeu A (1987) Résultats récents concernant l’analyse des biocristaux carbonatés; implications biologiques et sédimentologiques. Bull Soc Geol Fr Ser 8, 3: 269–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahanayake K (1977) Classification of oncoids from the Upper Jurassic Carbonates of the French Jura. Sediment Geol 18: 337–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahanayake K (1978) Sequential Position and Environmental Significance of Different Types of Oncoids. Sediment Geol 20: 301–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deloffre R (1988) Nouvelle taxonomie des algues dasycladales. Bull Centres Rech Explor Prod Elf-Aquitaine 12: 165–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Dragastan O (1981) Mesozoic Dasycladaceae from Romania: Distribution and Biostratigraphical Importance. Facies 4: 165–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dragastan O (1985) Review of Tethyan Mesozoic Algae of Romania. In: Toomey DF, Nitecki MH (eds) Paleoalgology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 101–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Dromart G, Elmi S (1986) Développement de structures cryptalgaires en domaine pélagique au cours de l’ouverture des bassins jurassiques (Atlantique Central, Téthys occidentale ). C R Acad Sci Paris 303: 311–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott GF (1977) Inferred isocrymal distribution ofJurassic dasycladacean Algae in Europe, north Africa and southwestern Asia. J Geol Soc 133: 363–373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott GF (1981) The Tethyan Dispersal of some Chlorophyte Algae subsequent to the Paleozoic. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 32: 341–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott GF (1982) A new calcareous green alga from the Middle Jurassic of England: its relationships and evolutionary position. Palaeontology 25: 431–437

    Google Scholar 

  • Elliott GF (1984) Climatic tolerance in some aragonitic green algae of the Post-Palaeozoic. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 48: 163–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emberger J (1979) Les Algues (Euchlorophyceae, Prasinophyceae, Rhodophyceae) du Trias. Essai d’un inventaire bibliographique, géographique, stratigraphique. Bull Inst Geol Bassin d’Aquitaine Num Spec: 157 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Farinacci A, Radoiéié R (1964) Correlazione fra serie gioresi et cretacee dell’ Appenino centrale e delle Dinaridi esterne. Rendiconti 7, Ser 2: 269–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Flügel E (1979) Paleoecology and microfacies of Permian, Triassic and Jurassic algal communities of platform and reef carbonates from the Alps. Bull Cent Rech Explor Prod Elf-Aquitaine 3: 569–587

    Google Scholar 

  • Flügel E (1985) Diversity and environments of Permian and Triassic dasycladacean algae. In: Toomey DE. Nitecki MH (eds) Paleoalgology. Springer. Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 344–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Flügel E (1988) Halimeda: paleontological record and paleoenvironmental significance. Coral Reefs 6:123–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Flügel E (1989) Algeu/Zement — Rifle Arch Lagerstättenforsch Geol Bundescenst Wien 10: 125–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Flügel E, Flügel-Kahler E, Martin JM, Martin-Algarra A (1984) Middle Triassic reefs from southern Spain. Facies 11: 173–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flügel E, Mu X-N (1982) Upper Triassic Dasycladaceae from Eastern Tibet. Facies 6: 59–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flügel E, Senowbari-Daryan B, Stanley GD Jr (1989) Late Triassic Dasycladacean Alga from northeastern Oregon: Significance of first reported occurrence in Western North America. J Paleont 63: 374–381

    Google Scholar 

  • Flügel HW (1971) Oligoplagia HERAK 1944, eine Gymnocodiaceae. N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Monatsh 1971:532–536

    Google Scholar 

  • Fois E (1979) A new Dasycladacean (Calcareous Algae) assemblage from Triassic of M Popera (Belluno, Italy). Riv Ital Paleontol Stratigr 85: 57–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Fois E, Jadoul F (1983) La Dorsale Paleocarnica anisica di Pontebba. Riv Ital Paleontol Stratigr 89: 3–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Fois E, Gaetani M (1984) The recovery of reef-building communities and the role of cnidarians in carbonate sequences of the Middle Triassic ( Anisian) in the Italian Dolomites. Palaeontogr Am 54: 191–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Gadzicki A, Kowalski WR (1974) Green Algae Aciculella Pia from the Muschelkalk of the Holy Cross Mts ( Poland ). Bull Acad Pol Sci Ser Sci Terre 22: 27–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Gasiewicz A (1983) Upper Oxfordian oncolites of SE-Poland. N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Monatsh 1983: 205–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Güvenç T (1979) Dasycladacées métaspondyles du Paléozoique supérieur et du Trias. Bull Centre Rech Explor Prod Elf-Aquitaine 3: 625–637

    Google Scholar 

  • Herak M (1965) Comparative Study of Some Triassic Dasycladaceae in Yugoslavia. Geol Vjesn Inst Geol Istrazivanja Zagreb 18: 3–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Herak M, Kochansky V (1963) Jungpaläozoische Kalkalgen aus dem Bükk-Gebirge ( Nordungarn ). Geol Hung Ser Palaeontol 28: 45–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Herak M, Kochansky-Devidé V, Gusic I (1977) The development of the Dasyclad Algae through the Ages. In: Flügel E (ed) Fossil algae. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 143–153

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hurka H (1967) Variationsstatistische Untersuchungen an anisischen Dasycladaceen aus den Pragser Dolomiten in Südtirol. N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abh 128: 41–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurka H (1969) Umbildungstendenzen der Astformen in Physoporella-Oligoporella-Populationen (Dasycladaceen) aus dem Anis der Pragser Dolomiten (Italien). N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Monatsh 1969: 104–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaffrezo M (1980) Les formations carbonatées des Corbières (France) du Dogger a l’Aptien: micropaléontologie stratigraphique, biozonation, paléoecologie. Extension des resultats à la Mésogée. These Doct Etat, Univ Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, 613 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson HH, Danner WR (1966) Permian calcareous algae from northwestern Washington and southwestern British Columbia. J Paleontol 40: 424–432

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamptner E (1958) Über das System und die Stammesgeschichte der Dasycladaceen (Siphoneae verticillatae). Ann Naturhist Mus Wien 62: 95–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochansky-Devidé V (1954) Permske foraminifere i vapnenacke alge okolice Bara u Crnoj Gori. Geol Vjesn Zagreb 5–7: 295–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochansky-Devidé V, Gusié I (1971) Evolutions-Tendenzen der Dasycladaceen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung neuer Funde in Jugoslawien. Paläontol Z 45: 82–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Korde KB (1965) Les Algues Rhodophyces et Chlorophytes. Tr Inst Paleontol Akad Nauk SSR 108: 268–284

    Google Scholar 

  • Leadbeater BSC, Riding R (eds) (1986) Biomineralization in lower plants and animals. Syst Assoc Spec Vol 30: 401 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Leinfelder RR (1985) Cyanophyte Calcification Morphotypes and Depositional Environments (Alenquer Oncolite, Upper Kimmeridgian? Portugal). Facies 12: 253–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin JM, Braga JC (1987) Aepujarride carbonate deposits (southern Spain) — marine sedimentation in a Triassic Atlantic. Paleogeogr Paleoclimatol Paleoecol 59: 243–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matyszkiewicz J (1989) Sedimentation and diagenesis of the upper Oxfordian cyanobacterialsponge limestones in Piekary near Krakow. Ann Soc Geol Poloniae 59: 201–232

    Google Scholar 

  • Mistiaen B (1984) Disparition des Stromatopores paléozoigues ou survie du groupe: hypothèse et discussion. Bull Soc Geol Fr Ser 7 26: 1245–1250

    Google Scholar 

  • Morita RJ (1980) Calcite precipitation by marine bacteria, Geomicrobiol 2: 63–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mu Xi-nan (1981) Upper Permian Calcareous Algae from Western Guizhou. Acta Palaeontol Sin 20: 33–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Nazarevya BP, Nazarevya IA, Schiyabko NI (1986) Usloviya formirovaniya i osobennosti razmesheniya nizhnetriasikh iskopaemikh organogennikh postroek vostochnogo prekavkazya. Akad Nauk SSR, Otdel Geol Geofiz Geochim Gorn Nauk, pp 161–166

    Google Scholar 

  • Noé S (1987) Facies and paleogeography of the marine upper Permian and the Permian Triassic boundary in the Southern Alps (Bellerophon Formation, Tesero Horizon). Facies 16: 89–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ott E (1967) Segmentierte Kalkschwämme (Sphinctozoa) aus der alpinen Mitteltrias und ihre Bedeutung als Riffbildner im Wettersteinkalk. Abh Bayer Akad Wiss München 131: 1–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Ott E (1972a) Zur Kalkalgen-Stratigraphie der Alpinen Trias. Mitt Ges Geol Bergbaustud Wien 21: 455–464

    Google Scholar 

  • Ott E (19726) Die Kalkalgen-Chronologie der alpinen Mitteltrias in Angleichung an die Ammoniten-Chronologie. N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Abh 141:81–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Ott E (1972c) Mitteltriadische Riffe der Nördlichen Kalkalpen und altersgleiche Bildungen auf Karaburun und Chios (Ägäis). Mitt Ges Geol Bergbaustud Wien 21: 251–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Ott E (1974) Algae (Dasycladaceae). Catal Foss Austriae, 17b: 1–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Pentecost A, Riding R (1986) Calcification in cyanobacteria. In: Leadbeater BSC, Riding R (eds) Biomineralization in lower plant and animals. Syst Assoc Spec vol 30: 73–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Peryt TM (1980) Structure of“Sphaerocodium kokeni WAGNER’.’, a Girvanella-oncoid from the Upper Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) of Württenberg (SW Germany). N Jahrb Geol Paläontol Monatsh 1980: 293–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Peryt TM (1981) Phanerozoic Oncoids — an overview. Facies 4: 197–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peryt TM (1986) Zechstein Stromaria (= Archaeolithoporella) — cement reefs in Thuringia. Neues Jahrb Geol Paläont Monatshefte, 1986: 307–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Peybernes B (1979) Les Algues jurassique et du Crétace inférieur des Pyrenées franco-espagnoles. Interet biostratigraphique et paléoecologique. Bull Cent Rech Explor Prod Elf-Aquitaine 3: 733–741

    Google Scholar 

  • Pia J von (1943) Übersicht über die fossilen Kalkalgen und die geologischen Ergebnisse ihrer Untersuchung. Mitt Geol Ges Wien 33: 11–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Pisera A, Zawidzka K (1981) Archaeolithoporella from the Upper Permian Reef Limestones of the Northern Caucasus. Bull Acad Pol Sci Ser Sci Terre 29: 233–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Praturlon A (1966) Algal Assemblages from Lias to Paleocene. Boll Soc Geol Ital 85:167–194 Radoicié R (1966) Microfacies du Jurassique des Dinarides externes de la Yougoslavie. Geologija 9: 377 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramalhao MM (1971) Contribution à l’étude micropaléontologique et stratigraphique du Jurassique supérieur et du Crétacé inférieur des environs de Lisbonne (Portugal). Sery Geol Portugal Mem 19: 212 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Reid P (1983) The first occurrence of Triassic Phylloid Algae — possible links with the Paleozoic. In: 3rd Int Symp Fossil algae. Program Abstr, p 26

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinhardt J (1987) Oberpermische Riffe und permo-triassische Sedimentfazies am Südostrand des

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckens von Sichuan, China. Dipl Thesis, Inst Paläontol Univ Erlangen. 176 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Remane J (1969) Morphological and statistical analysis of Clypeina jurassica (FAVRE) (Dasycladaceae) by means of serial sections. Geol Rom 8: 85–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Riding R (1977) Skeletal stromatolites. In: Flügel E (ed) Fossil algae. Springer. Berlin Heidelberg New York. pp 57–60

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Riding R (1983) Cyanoliths (Cyanoids): Oncoids Formed by Calcified Cyanophytes. In: Peryt TM (ed) Coated grains. Springer. Berlin Heidelberg New York. pp 276–283

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Roux A (1985) Introduction à l’étude des Algues fossiles paléozoiques (de la bactérie à la tectonique des plaques). Bull Cent Rech Explor Prod Elf-Aquitaine 9: 465–699

    Google Scholar 

  • Rui L. Zhao J-M, Mu-X-N. Wang K-L, Wang T-H (1984) Restudies on the Wujiaping Limestone from Liangshan of Hanzhong, Shaanxi. Dicengxue Zazhi, J Stratigr 8: 179–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Sartoni S. Crescenti U (1962) Recherche biostratigrafiche nel Mesozoico dell’ Appennino meridionale. Giorn Geol 29: 161–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Schäfer P, Senowbari-Daryan B (1983) Die Kalkalgen aus der Obertrias von Hydra, Griechenland. Palaeontographica Abt B 185: 83–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Senowbari-Daryan B, Schäfer P (1979) Distributional patterns of calcareous algae within Upper Triassic patch reef structures of the northern calcareous Alps ( Salzburg ). Bull Centres Rech Explor Prod Elf-Aquitaine 3: 811–820

    Google Scholar 

  • Senowbari-Daryan B, Schäfer P (1980) Abatea culleiformis n.g., n.sp., eine neue Rotalge (Gymnocodiaceae) aus den “oberrhätischen” Rifflcalken südlich von Salzburg ( Nördliche Kalkalpen, Österreich ). Verh Geol (Bundesanst Wien 1979: 393–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Sepkoski JJ (1986) Phanerozoic overview of mass extinction. In: Raup DM, Jablonski D (eds) Patterns and processes in the history of life. Dahlem Kon Life Sci Res Rep 36: 277–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheng Jin-Zhang, Chen Chu-Zhen, Wang Y-Gang, Rui Lin, Liao Zhuo-Ting, Yuji Bando, Ken-ichi Ishii, Keji Nakazawa, Koji Nakamura (1984) Permian-Triassic Boundary in Middle and Eastern Tethys. J Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ Ser 4, 21: 133–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Tappan H (1980) The paleobiology of plant protists. Freeman, San Francisco, 1028 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Taraz H, Golshani F, Nakazawa K, Shimizui D, Bando Y, Ishii, Ken-ichi, Murata M, Okimura Y, Sakagami S, Nakamura K, Tokuoka T (1981) The Permian and Lower Triassic Systems in Abadeh Region, Central Iran. Mem Fac Sci Kyoto Univ Ser Geol Min 47: 61–133

    Google Scholar 

  • Termier H, Termier G, Vachard D (1977) Monographie paléontologique des affleurements permiens du Djebel Tebaga ( Sud Tunisien ). Palaeontographica Abt A 156: 1–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Tichy G (1983) Carnian Oncolites of the Northern Calcareous Alps and the Drau Range (Austria). In: Peryt TM (ed) Coated Grains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 386–389

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Vachard D, Montenat C (1981) Biostratigraphie, micropaléontologie et paléogéographie du Permien de la Région de Tezak ( Montagnes Centrales d’Afghanistan ). Palaeontographica Abt B 178: 1–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Valentine JW (ed) (1985) Phanerozoic diversity patterns. Profiles in macroevolution. Princeton Univ Press, Princeton New Jersey, 441 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Wray JL (1977) Calcareous algae. Developments in paleontology and stratigraphy, vol 4. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 185 pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Yun Fu Zeng, Nan Hao Lee, Yang Zhou Huang (1983) Sedimentary characteristics of oolitic carbonates from the Jialing-Jiang Formation (Lower Triassic T; J1)), South Sichuan Basin, China. In: Peryt TM (ed) Coated grains. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 176–187

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Jinke, Sheng Jinzhang, Yao Zhaogi, Liang Xilou, Chen Chuzhen, Rui Lin, Liao Zhuoting (1981) The Changhsingian and Permian-Triassic boundary of South China. Bull Nanjing Inst Geol Paleont 2: 1–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Zorn H (1974) Variationsstatistische Untersuchungen an Diplopora annulata (SCHAFH. und D. philosophi (PIA), Kalkalgen der alpinen Mitteltrias. Eclog Geol HeIv 67: 1–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Zorn H (1977) Der Einfluß der Umwelt auf die Variation fossiler Arten. Nat Mus 107: 1–5

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Paläontologie, Universität Erlangen, Loewenichstraße 28, 8520, Erlangen, Germany

    E. Flügel

Authors
  1. E. Flügel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Wales College of Cardiff, CF1 3YE, Cardiff, UK

    Robert Riding

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Flügel, E. (1991). Triassic and Jurassic Marine Calcareous Algae: A Critical Review. In: Riding, R. (eds) Calcareous Algae and Stromatolites. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52335-9_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52335-9_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-52337-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-52335-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation