Abstract
We designed and implemented a gaze-controlled drawing application that utilizes modifiable and movable shapes. Moving and resizing tools were implemented with gaze gestures. Our gaze gestures are simple one-segment gestures that end outside the screen. Also, we use the closure of the eyes to stop actions in the drawing application. We carried out an experiment to compare gaze gestures with a dwell-based implementation of the tools. Results showed that, in terms of performance, gaze gestures were an equally good input method as dwell buttons. Furthermore, more than 40% of the participants gave better ratings for gaze gestures than for the dwell-based implementation, and under 20% preferred dwell over gestures. Our study shows that gaze gestures can be a feasible alternative for dwell-based interaction when they are designed properly and implemented in the appropriate application area.
Chapter PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Drewes, H., Schmidt, A.: Interacting with the Computer Using Gaze Gestures. In: Baranauskas, C., Abascal, J., Barbosa, S.D.J. (eds.) INTERACT 2007, Part II. LNCS, vol. 4663, pp. 475–488. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)
Gips, J., Olivieri, P.: EagleEyes: An Eye Control System for Persons with Disabilities. In: 11th International Conference on Technology and Persons with Disabilities (CSUN 1996). Los Angeles, USA (1996)
Heikkilä, H., Räihä, K.-J.: Speed and Accuracy of Gaze Gestures. Journal of Eye Movement Research 3(2), 1–14 (2009)
Hemmert, F., Djokic, D., Wettach, R.: Spoken Words: Activating Text-To-Speech through Eye Closure. In: CHI 2008 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2325–2330. ACM, New York (2008a)
Hemmert, F., Djokic, D., Wettach, R.: Perspective Change: A System for Switching Between On-screen Views by Closing one Eye. In: Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces, pp. 484–485. ACM, New York (2008b)
Hornof, A.J., Cavender, A.: EyeDraw: Enabling Children with Severe Motor Impairments to Draw with Their Eyes. In: SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 161–170. ACM, New York (2005)
Hornof, A., Cavender, A., Hoselton, R.: Eyedraw: A System for Drawing Pictures with Eye Movements. In: 6th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, pp. 86–93. ACM, New York (2004a)
Hornof, A., Cavender, A., Hoselton, R.: EyeDraw: A System for Drawing Pictures with the Eyes. In: CHI 2004 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1251–1254. ACM, New York (2004b)
Isokoski, P.: Text Input Methods for Eye Trackers Using Off-Screen Targets. In: 2000 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 15–21. ACM, New York (2000)
Istance, H., Bates, R., Hyrskykari, A., Vickers, S.: Snap Clutch, A Moded Approach to Solving the Midas Touch Problem. In: 2008 Symposium onEye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 221–228. ACM, New York (2008)
Jakob, R.J.K.: The Use of Eye Movements in Human-Computer Interaction Techniques: What You Look At is What You Get. ACM Transactions on Information Systems 9(2), 152–169 (1991)
Majaranta, P., Räihä, K.-J.: Text Entry by Gaze: Utilizing Eye-Tracking. In: MacKenzie, I.S., Tanaka-Ishii, K. (eds.) Text Entry Systems: Mobility, Accessibility, Universality, pp. 175–187. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2007)
Majaranta, P., Ahola, U., Špakov, O.: Fast Gaze Typing with an Adjustable Dwell Time. In: 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2009), pp. 357–360. ACM, New York (2009)
Meyer, A., Dittmar, M.: Conception and Development of an Accessible Application for Producing Images by Gaze Interaction - EyeArt (2009), http://wiki.cogain.info/images/d/da/EyeArt_Documentation.pdf (retrieved)
Møllenbach, E., Lillholm, M., Gail, A., Hansen, J.P.: Single Gaze Gestures. In: 2010 Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, pp. 177–180. ACM, New York (2010)
Tchalenko, J.: Free-Eye Drawing. Point (11), 36–41 (2001)
Van der Kamp, J., Sundstedt, V.: Gaze and Voice Controlled Drawing. In: 1st Conference on Novel Gaze-Controlled Applications, p. 9. ACM, New York (2011)
Yeo, A.W., Chiu, P.C.: Gaze Estimation Model for Eye Drawing. In: CHI 2006 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1559–1564. ACM, New York (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 IFIP International Federation for Information Processing
About this paper
Cite this paper
Heikkilä, H. (2013). Tools for a Gaze-Controlled Drawing Application – Comparing Gaze Gestures against Dwell Buttons. In: Kotzé, P., Marsden, G., Lindgaard, G., Wesson, J., Winckler, M. (eds) Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2013. INTERACT 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8118. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40480-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40480-1_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40479-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40480-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)