Abstract
Ontologies provide a formal description of concepts and their relationships in a knowledge domain. The goal of ontology alignment is to identify semantically matching concepts and relationships across independently developed ontologies that purport to describe the same knowledge. In order to handle the widest possible class of ontologies, many alignment algorithms rely on terminological and structural methods, but the often fuzzy nature of concepts complicates the matching process. However, one area that should provide clear matching solutions due to its mathematical nature, is units of measurement. Several ontologies for units of measurement are available, but there has been no attempt to align them, notwithstanding the obvious importance for technical interoperability. We propose a general strategy to map these (and similar) ontologies by introducing MathML to accurately capture the semantic description of concepts specified therein. We provide mapping results for three ontologies, and show that our approach improves on lexical comparisons.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Shvaiko, P., Euzenat, J.: Ontology matching: state of the art and future challenges. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (2012)
Davenport, J.H., Naylor, W.A.: Units and dimensions in OpenMath (2003)
Stratford, J., Davenport, J.H.: Unit knowledge management. In: Autexier, S., Campbell, J., Rubio, J., Sorge, V., Suzuki, M., Wiedijk, F. (eds.) AISC/Calculemus/MKM 2008. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 5144, pp. 382–397. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
Collins, J.B.: OpenMath content dictionaries for SI quantities and units. In: Carette, J., Dixon, L., Coen, C.S., Watt, S.M. (eds.) Calculemus/MKM 2009. LNCS, vol. 5625, pp. 247–262. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)
Princeton University: WordNet, http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ (accessed on March 2, 2013)
U.S. National Library of Medicine: Unified Medical Language System, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/ (accessed on March 2, 2013)
Euzenat, J., Meilicke, C., Stuckenschmidt, H., Shvaiko, P., Trojahn, C.: Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative: six years of experience. In: Spaccapietra, S. (ed.) Journal on Data Semantics XV. LNCS, vol. 6720, pp. 158–192. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)
Noy, N.F.: Semantic integration: a survey of ontology-based approaches. SIGMOD Record 33(4), 65–70 (2004)
Choi, N., Song, I.Y., Han, H.: A survey on ontology mapping. ACM Sigmod Record 35(3), 34–41 (2006)
Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative: 2012 campaign, http://oaei.ontologymatching.org/2012/ (accessed on January 9, 2013)
Rosoiu, M., dos Santos, C.T., Euzenat, J., et al.: Ontology matching benchmarks: generation and evaluation. In: Proc. 6th ISWC Workshop on Ontology Matching (OM) (2011)
Cruz, I.F., Antonelli, F.P., Stroe, C.: AgreementMaker: efficient matching for large real-world schemas and ontologies. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 2(2), 1586–1589 (2009)
Aumueller, D., Do, H.H., Massmann, S., Rahm, E.: Schema and ontology matching with COMA++. In: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, pp. 906–908. ACM (2005)
Jean-Mary, Y.R., Shironoshita, E.P., Kabuka, M.R.: Ontology matching with semantic verification. Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web 7(3), 235–251 (2009)
The European Bioinformatics Institute: Systems Biology Ontology, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/sbo/main/ (accessed on December 10, 2012)
Bechhofer, S., Buchan, I., De Roure, D., Missier, P., Ainsworth, J., Bhagat, J., Couch, P., Cruickshank, D., Delderfield, M., Dunlop, I., et al.: Why linked data is not enough for scientists. Future Generation Computer Systems (2011)
Lange, C.: Ontologies and Languages for Representing Mathematical Knowledge on the Semantic Web. Semantic Web Journal 4(2) (2013)
Suresh, P., Hsu, S.H., Akkisetty, P., Reklaitis, G.V., Venkatasubramanian, V.: OntoMODEL: ontological mathematical modeling knowledge management in pharmaceutical product development, 1: conceptual framework. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 49(17) (2010)
W3C: Mathematical Markup Language (MathML) Version 3.0, http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML3/ (accessed on February 11, 2013)
W3C: RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema, http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ (accessed on November 20, 2012)
W3C: RDF Primer, http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-rdf-primer-20040210/#xmlliterals (accessed on March 2, 2013)
Hodgson, R., Keller, P.: QUDT - Quantities, Units, Dimensions and Data Types in OWL and XML, http://www.qudt.org/ (accessed on November 14, 2012)
Rijgersberg, H., Wigham, M., Broekstra, J., van Assem, M., Top, J.: Ontology of units of Measure (OM), http://www.wurvoc.org/vocabularies/om-1.8 (accessed on November 14, 2012)
NASA: Jet Propulsion Laboratory: Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology (SWEET), http://sweet.jpl.nasa.gov/ (accessed on November 14, 2012)
TopQuadrant, http://www.topquadrant.com/ (accessed on November 15, 2012)
Rijgersberg, H., Wigham, M., Top, J.: How semantics can improve engineering processes: A case of units of measure and quantities. Advanced Engineering Informatics 25(2) (2011)
Rijgersberg, H., van Assem, M., Top, J.: Ontology of units of measure and related concepts. Semantic Web 4(1) (2013)
Raskin, R.: Semantic Web for Earth and Environmental Terminology (SWEET), esto.ndc.nasa.gov/conferences/estc2003/papers/A7P2(Raskin).pdf (accessed on November 14, 2012)
Euzenat, J.: Semantic precision and recall for ontology alignment evaluation. In: Proc. 20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 348–353 (2007)
Do, C.: Personal website, http://homepages.cwi.nl/~do/home.html (created on December 4, 2012)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Do, C., Pauwels, E.J. (2013). Using MathML to Represent Units of Measurement for Improved Ontology Alignment. In: Carette, J., Aspinall, D., Lange, C., Sojka, P., Windsteiger, W. (eds) Intelligent Computer Mathematics. CICM 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 7961. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39320-4_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39320-4_21
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-39319-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-39320-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)