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The Physiology of the Established Parasite–Host Association

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Parasitic Orobanchaceae

Abstract

Parasitic plants rely on their hosts for part or all of their nutritional needs. The exact level of host dependence varies among parasitic species that are accordingly classified as either hemiparasites that perform at least some photosynthesis in part of their life cycle or holoparasites. This distinction has important implications for the physiological function of the haustorium, which has the capacity to absorb nutrients from the host. This chapter focuses on the key physiological aspects of parasite–host association: the types of materials that are translocated from host to parasite and back, the mechanisms of nutrient transfer, selectivity in extracting specific nutrients, induced changes in the host that increase the flow of nutrients and parasite utilization of acquired material. The physiological processes that are associated with the mature haustorium, the transfer of materials and the relevant metabolic capacity needed to integrate with overall parasite metabolism are discussed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Guttation through glandular hydathodes may also contribute to xylem flow, as suggested by Renaudin and Garrigues (1967, Sur l’ultrastructure des glandes en bouclier de Lathraea clandestina L. et leur role physiologique. C R Acad Sci Paris 264:1984–1987).

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  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

    James H. Westwood

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Correspondence to James H. Westwood .

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  1. Agricultural Research Organization, Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat-Yishay, Israel

    Daniel M. Joel

  2. Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

    Jonathan Gressel

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA

    Lytton J. Musselman

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Westwood, J.H. (2013). The Physiology of the Established Parasite–Host Association. In: Joel, D., Gressel, J., Musselman, L. (eds) Parasitic Orobanchaceae. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38146-1_6

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