Abstract
A novel image watermark algorithm based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is proposed in this paper. The processes of watermark embedding include three steps: First the original image is divided to not overlap image blocks and then decomposable coefficients are obtained by three-level DWT in every image blocks. Secondly low frequency decomposition coefficients of block images are selected and then approximately represented as a product of a base matrix and a coefficient matrix using NMF. Finally the feature vector represent original image is obtained by quantizing coefficient matrix, and then the copyright information is embedding by calculating the watermark and feature vector. Simulation results show that the scheme is robust against common signal processing attacks, meanwhile security of the algorithm is guaranteed by using secret keys. Therefore, the scheme proposed in this paper is suitable for certain application.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bassia, P., Pitas, I.: Robust audio watermarking in the time domain. In: Proceeding of EUSIPCO 1988 (1998)
Gruhl, D., Lu, A., Bender, W.: Echo Hiding. In: Anderson, R. (ed.) IH 1996. LNCS, vol. 1174, pp. 295–315. Springer, Heidelberg (1996)
Cox, I.J., Kilian, J., Leighton, T., Shamoon, T.: Univ. of Cambridge (1996)
Neubauer, C., Herre, J.: Digital watermarking and its influence on audio quality. In: Proceeding of 105th Convention, Audio Engineering Society, San Francisco (1998)
Chen, B., Wornell, G.W.: Digital watermarking and Information embedding using dither modulation. In: Proceeding IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, Redondo (December 1998)
Lee, D.D., Seung, H.S.: Advances Neural Information Process. 13 (2000)
Haitsma, J., Kalker, T., Oostveen, J.: Robust audio hashing for content identification. In: Proceeding of Second International Workshop on Content Based Multimedia and Indexing, Brescia, Italy (September 2001)
Jiang, J., Armstrong, A.: Data hiding apporoach for efficient image indexing. 7th Electronics Letters 38(23), 1424–1425 (2002)
Dorairangaswamy, M.A.: A Novel Invisible and Blind Watermarking Scheme for Copyright Protection of Digital Images. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (IJCSNS) 9(4), 71–78 (2009)
Dorairangaswamy, M.A.: A Robust Blind Image Watermarking Scheme in Spatial Domain for Copyright Protection. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET) 1(3), 249–255 (2009)
Wang, M.-S., Chen, W.-C.: Digital image copyright protection scheme based on visual cryptography and singular value decomposition. Optical Engineering 46(6) (2007)
Hsieh, S.-L., Tsai, I.-J., Huang, B.-Y., Jian, J.-J.: Protecting Copyrights of Color Images using a Watermarking Scheme Based on Secret Sharing and Wavelet Transform. Journal of Multimedia 3(4) (October 2008)
Hu, M.-C., Lou, D.-C., Chang, M.-C.: Dual-wrapped digital watermarking scheme for image copyright protection. Computers & Security 26(4), 319–330 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Liang, S., Lai, J., Cui, D. (2012). Efficient Image Watermarking Algorithm Using Non-negative Matrix Factorization and Discrete Wavelet Transform. In: Liu, C., Wang, L., Yang, A. (eds) Information Computing and Applications. ICICA 2012. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 308. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34041-3_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34041-3_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-34040-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-34041-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)