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Antioxidant Defenses Against Drought Stress

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Plant Responses to Drought Stress

Abstract

Plants possess a battery of structural, physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms to withstand drought periods. During drought, stomatal limitation of photosynthesis, overreduction of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, enhanced photorespiration, and many other processes may result on enhanced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other oxidizing agents. One of the most important defense mechanisms against drought is the antioxidant system, which detoxifies prooxidants such as ROS and lipid peroxyl radicals, and keeps an adequate cellular redox balance. Antioxidants may be classified in enzymatic (e.g., ascorbate peroxidases, catalases, and superoxide dismutases) or nonenzymatic (syn. low molecular weight) antioxidants (e.g., ascorbate, glutathione, carotenoids, and tocopherols). Antioxidants may scavenge ROS directly or in co-operation with other antioxidants. This co-operation between antioxidants also allows re-cycling of oxidized antioxidants. Moreover, antioxidants are key sensors of the cellular redox status, so they trigger a number of signaling events intended to keep an adequate cellular redox balance. In this chapter, the function of the most important antioxidants in plants and the role of antioxidants in cellular redox homeostasis during drought stress will be reviewed.

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Abbreviations

APx:

Ascorbate peroxidase

CAT:

Catalase

DHA:

Dehydroascorbate

DHAR:

DHA reductase

Fdred :

Reduced ferredoxin

FTR:

Ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase

GRx:

Glutaredoxin

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

GSH disulfide (oxidized GSH)

GST:

GSH-S-transferase

MDHA:

Monodehydroascorbate

MDHAR:

MDHA reductase

NPQ:

Non-photochemical quenching

NTR:

NADPH-thioredoxin reductase

PRx:

Peroxiredoxin

PSI/II:

Photosystem I or II

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

qE:

ΔpH-dependent NPQ

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

TRx:

Thioredoxin

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  1. Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    Iker Hernández, Jana Cela, Leonor Alegre & Sergi Munné-Bosch

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  1. Iker Hernández
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  2. Jana Cela
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  3. Leonor Alegre
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  4. Sergi Munné-Bosch
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Correspondence to Sergi Munné-Bosch .

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  1. (CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, 18008, Spain

    Ricardo Aroca

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Hernández, I., Cela, J., Alegre, L., Munné-Bosch, S. (2012). Antioxidant Defenses Against Drought Stress. In: Aroca, R. (eds) Plant Responses to Drought Stress. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32653-0_9

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