Skip to main content

The White Space Opportunity in Southern Africa: Measurements with Meraka Cognitive Radio Platform

  • Conference paper
e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries (AFRICOMM 2011)

Abstract

The global migration of television (TV) from analogue to digital broadcasting will result in more spectrum bands (known as TV white space), previously used in analogue broadcasting, becoming available and unoccupied. A question is on how much white space is available and how can it be used opportunistically and dynamically without causing harmful interference to licensed users? In this paper, we present work that is currently ongoing in our research lab with regard to the use of cognitive radio for accessing TV white spaces. We discuss the Meraka Cognitive Radio Platform (MCRP) developed using the second version of the Universal Software Radio Peripheral hardware and the GNU Radio software. We also present early results of the measurements conducted using the MCRP in rural and urban Southern Africa areas. The measurement results indicate that there are substantial white spaces available in both rural and urban areas for digital dividend.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Mitola III, J., Maguire, G.Q.: Cognitive radio: making software radios more personal. IEEE Personal Communication 6(4) (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Federal Communications Commission (FCC): Facilitating opportunities for flexible, efficient and reliable spectrum use employing cognitive radio technologies: Notice of proposed rule making and order. ET Docket 03–108 & 03-322 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  3. FCC: Second memorandum opinion and order in the matter of unlicensed operation in the TV broadcast bands, additional spectrum for unlicesed devices below 900 MHz and in 3 GHz band. ET Docket No. 04-186 & 02-380 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  4. FCC: Second report and order and memorandum. Opinion and order. Technical Report No. 08-260 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bahl, P., Chandra, R., Moscibroda, T., Murty, R.: White space networking with wi-fi like connectivity. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM, Barcelona, Spain (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Office of Communication.: Statement on cognitive access to interleaved spectrum (2009), http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/consultations/cognitive/statement/statement.pdf

  7. Office of Communication (Ofcom).: Digital dividend review: a statement on our approach towards awarding the digital dividend (2007), www.ofcom.org.uk/consult/condocs/ddr/statement/statement.pdf

  8. Independent Communication Authority of South Africa (ICASA).: Workshop on the allocation of the digital dividend spectrum (2011), http://www.icasa.org.za/

  9. Fitch, M., Nekovee, M., Kawade, S., Briggs, K., Mackenzie, R.: Wireless services provision in TV white space with cognitive radio technology: a telecom operator’s perspective and experience. IEEE Comm. Magazine 49(3), 64–73 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Grotticelli, M.: DTV transition not so smooth in some markets (2009), http://broadcastengineering.com/news/dtv-transition-not-smooth-markets-0622/

  11. Nekovee, M.: A survey of cognitive radio access to TV white spaces. Hindawi International Journal of Digital Multimedia Braodcasting 2010, article ID: 236568 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ghasemi, A., Sousa, E.S.: Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environments. In: Proc. IEEE DySPAN, Baltimore, USA, pp. 131–136 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Yucek, T., Arslan, H.: A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications. IEEE Tran. on Communications Surveys & Tutorials 11(1) (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ghasemi, A., Sousa, E.S.: Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: requirements, challenges and design trade-offs. IEEE Communications Magazine, 32–39 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Cabric, D., Mishra, S.M., Brodersen, R.B.: Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radios. In: Proc. IEEE 38th Asilomar Conference on Signal, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, pp. 772–776 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Akyildiz, I.F., Lo, B.F., Balakrishnan, R.: Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks: a survey. To appear in Elsevier Physical Communication Journal (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mishra, S.M., Sahai, A., Brodersen, R.W.:Cooperative sensing among cognitive radios. In: Proc. of IEEE Int. Conference on Communication (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  18. IEEE 802.22 Standard, http://www.ieee802.org/22/

  19. Cordeiro, C., Challapali, K., Birru, D., Sai, S.N.: IEEE 802.22: an introduction to the first wireless standard based on cr. Jour. of Comm. 1(1), 38–47 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  20. IEEE 802.19: Wireless coexistence working group, http://www.ieee802.org/19/

  21. Cognitive Networking Alliance (CogNea), http://www.cognea.org/

  22. Ettus Research website, USRP, http://www.ettus.com/ (accessed March 01, 2010)

  23. GNU Radio website, http://gnuradio.org/redmine/ (accessed: March 01, 2010)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 ICST Institute for Computer Science, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering

About this paper

Cite this paper

Masonta, M.T., Johnson, D., Mzyece, M. (2012). The White Space Opportunity in Southern Africa: Measurements with Meraka Cognitive Radio Platform. In: Popescu-Zeletin, R., Jonas, K., Rai, I.A., Glitho, R., Villafiorita, A. (eds) e-Infrastructure and e-Services for Developing Countries. AFRICOMM 2011. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, vol 92. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29093-0_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29093-0_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-29092-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-29093-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics