Abstract
The mass media model has been based upon integrated value chains in which the function of aggregation has been the lynchpin, drawing audiences to content and providing the point of engagement between content consumption, the generation of income and the realisation of value accrued (Porter. Competitive advantage. New York, NY: Free Press; 1985).
Following the pioneering work of Ramirez and Normann (1993) value in enterprises has come increasingly to be seen as being co-produced by a multiple actors, collaborating in a network of relationships in which value is created and rewards are secured in a variety of ways.
Such network models are particularly suited for the study of social media models and media organisations in which content is crowdsourced or generated by users and where production is decentralised and devolved rather the centralised and controlled.
Arguably, on demand modes of consumption compound the tendencies to disaggregation inherent in such networked and distributed models. This chapter argues, however, that aggregation, in its various forms, remains and will continue to remain central to the success of media business models. In doing so it explores the nature of aggregation, explores in various dimensions and attributes, and examines examples of how this function is changing within current media services.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Of course, there is considerable variation in the character of these functions and way in which they are deployed. Publishers have played a filtering function and through their lists, assert a status of arbiters of quality. For some publishers (for example, the feminist publisher, Virago Press) they indicate a certain type of book. Others may be associated with specific genre, but for most, the brand is the individual book or author.
- 2.
The importance of trust, particularly in the news media, is highlighted and discussed at length in Baumüller (2012).
- 3.
Applications like Zeebox have also been described as ‘co-viewing’ apps. Networks have also developed their own co-viewing apps. ABC was an early entrant with its co-viewing app for the mockumentary series, My Generation.
- 4.
Relatively crude methods such as ‘screen scraping’ are possible.
- 5.
In superdistribution models, content is typically encoded and made publicly available. Individuals can pass content between themselves as the content is only usable on payment or compliance with a specified condition (e.g. registration or, within closed systems, entering a password.
References
Baumüller, I. (2012, February 10–11). News media and their challenge to manage recipients’ trust European Media Management Education Association Conference. Budapest.
Benkler, Y. (2002). Coases penguin, or, Linux and the nature of the firm. Yale Law Journal, 112, 2002.
Brown, M. (2007). A licence to be different: The story of Channel 4. London: British Film Institute.
Brown, C., & Goodwin, P. (2010). Constructing Public Service Media at the BBC. In G. Lowe (Ed.), The public in public service media. Gothenburg: Nordicom.
Bruns, A. (2007). Produsage: A working definition. Available from http://produsage.org/node/9. Accessed 6 May 2012.
Campbell, L. (2010, September 28). All3Media boss slams Google. Broadcast.
Castells, M. (2000). The rise of the network society: Volume 1: The information age. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Chesbrough, H., & Rosenbloom, R. S. (2002). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: Evidence from Xerox Corporation’s technology spin-off companies. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3), 529–555.
Chesbrough, H. (2008). Open innovation: Researching a new paradigm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cordrey, T. speech presented by Tanya Cordrey, director of digital development, Guardian News & Media, at the Guardian Changing Media Summit, London. 21 March, 2012. http://www.guardian.co.uk/gnm-press-office/changing-media-summit-tanya-cordrey Accessed 23 March 2012.
D’Arma, A. (2011). Content aggregation in the age of online video: An analysis of the impact of Internet distribution on the television business. Journal of Media Business Studies, 8(3).
Dredge, S. (2012). Google TV YouTube app gets discovery-focused update. Guardian Apps Blog. Available from http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/appsblog/2012/feb/13/google-tv-youtube-app-update. Accessed 13 February 2012.
Ellis, J. (2000). Scheduling: The last creative act in television. Media, Culture and Society, 22, 25–38.
Filloux, F. (2010, September 19) Aggregators: The good ones vs. the looters. The Monday Note.
Halliday, J. (2011, September 22). Facebook to transform into an entertainment hub. The Guardian.
Harris Interactive. (2012). Netflix and YouTube are must have apps for Smart TV owners. Available from http://www.harrisinteractive.com/NewsRoom/HarrisPolls/tabid/447/mid/1508/articleId/1048/ctl/ReadCustom%20Default/Default.aspx. Accessed 19 July 2012.
Heine, C. (2012, July 20). Amazon recommending offers? Cool. Facebook? No thanks. Adweek.
Indivik. (2012). Publishers begin pulling advertising from Flipboard. Mashable. Available from http://mashable.com/2012/06/25/flipboard-new-yorker-wired-advertising/. Accessed 25 June 2012.
Johnson, B. (2009, November 9). Murdoch could block Google searches entirely. The Guardian.
Johnson, B. (2012). Zeebox boss says smart TV is a dumb idea. GigaOM. Available from http://gigaom.com/2012/04/02/zeebox-boss-says-smart-tv-is-a-dumb-idea/. Accessed 5 April 2012.
Keller, B. (2011, March 10). All the aggregation that’s fit to aggregate. The New York Times.
Murray, A. M. (2012, February 10–11). Rationalising public service: Scheduling as a tool of management in RTE television. Paper European Media Management Education Association Conference. Budapest.
Napoli, P. M. (2003). Audience economics: Media institutions and the audience marketplace. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Normann, R., & RamÃrez, R. (1993, July–August). From value chain to value constellation: Designing interactive strategy. Harvard Business Review, 65–77.
Porter, M. (1985). Competitive advantage. New York, NY: Free Press.
Ramirez, R. (1999). Value co-production: Intellectual origins and implications for practice and research. Strategic Management Journal, 20, 49–65.
Rose, A. (2012, June 17). Interview. TechCrunch TV. Available from http://techcrunch.com/2012/06/17/zeebox-tctv-demo/. Accessed 24 June 2012.
The Guardian. (2010, July 6). Leading the way through mutualisation. The Guardian.
Walker. (2012, June 14). Habbo Hotel: NSPCC urges government and technology industry to act. The Guardian.
Williams, R. (2003). Television: Technology and cultural form. London: Routledge Classics.
Wingfield, N. (2012, April 27). In search of apps for television. New York Times.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brown, C. (2013). Social Media, Aggregation and the Refashioning of Media Business Models. In: Friedrichsen, M., Mühl-Benninghaus, W. (eds) Handbook of Social Media Management. Media Business and Innovation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28897-5_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28897-5_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28896-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28897-5
eBook Packages: Business and EconomicsBusiness and Management (R0)