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E-Matching with Free Variables

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Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning (LPAR 2012)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNTCS,volume 7180))

Abstract

E-matching is the most commonly used technique to handle quantifiers in SMT solvers. It works by identifying characteristic sub-expressions of quantified formulae, named triggers, which are matched during proof search on ground terms to discover relevant instantiations of the quantified formula. E-matching has proven to be an efficient and practical approach to handle quantifiers, in particular because triggers can be provided by the user to guide proof search; however, as it is heuristic in nature, e-matching alone is typically insufficient to establish a complete proof procedure. In contrast, free variable methods in tableau-like calculi are more robust and give rise to complete procedures, e.g., for first-order logic, but are not comparable to e-matching in terms of scalability. This paper discusses how e-matching can be combined with free variable approaches, leading to calculi that enjoy similar completeness properties as pure free variable procedures, but in which it is still possible for a user to provide domain-specific triggers to improve performance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Sweden

    Philipp Rümmer

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  1. Philipp Rümmer
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Microsoft Research, One Microsoft Way, 98052-6399, Redmond, WA, USA

    Nikolaj Bjørner

  2. School of computer Science, University of Manchester, Kilburn Building, Oxford Road, MP13 9PL, Manchester, UK

    Andrei Voronkov

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Rümmer, P. (2012). E-Matching with Free Variables. In: Bjørner, N., Voronkov, A. (eds) Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning. LPAR 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7180. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28717-6_28

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28717-6_28

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-28716-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-28717-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

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