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Application of Raman-based images in the Earth sciences

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Raman Imaging

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Optical Sciences ((SSOS,volume 168))

Abstract

In this chapter, we describe internal textures ofcrystals, minerals, and mineral assemblages as detected by Ramanspectroscopy. As an introduction, and to underline the motivation ofapplying Raman-based heterogeneity images in the Earth sciences,overviews of the different internal textures and the broad range oftechniques to visualize them are given. Second, a number of Ramanexperimental details are discussed; however, only those which are ofparticular relevance to mineralogical applications. In particular,the different imaging concepts are compared, and it is argued whyEarth scientists prefer to apply hyperspectral Raman maps whereasdirect images, if applied at all, are rarely used in this field.Also, the reader is advised of number of common (and oftenpublished) artfacts related to the Raman analysis of minerals. Themain part of this chapter deals with Raman-based imagesapplied in the Earth sciences. After a brief general overview, whichagain does not claim to be complete, examples for applications inthree selected areas of research are presented in more detail.

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Acknowledgments

The lead author of this chapter is most grateful to G. Irmer (Freiberg), W. Hofmeister (Mainz), R.J. Lehnert (Reutlingen), and I. Reese (Hamburg) for many stimulating discussions on various Raman analytical problems. O.B. is indebted to M. Belleil (Marne-La-Vallée) for his invaluable help with line-scan imaging techniques. J.W.S. is thankful to A. Kudryavtsev for many years of fruitful cooperation. We wish to thank S. Bernard and B. Goffé (both Paris), N. Cayser (Edinburgh), A. Dias, D. Schulze (both Toronto), C. Ginibre, A. Kronz, G. Wörner (all Göttingen), J. Götze (Freiberg), D. Howell (Sydney), R. Kaindl (Innsbruck), E. Libowitzky (Wien), R.D. Neuser (Bochum), B. Phichaikamjornwut (Chaing Mai), R. Škoda (Brno), V. Stähle (Heidelberg), R. Wirth, and M. Ziemann (both Potsdam) for providing spectra, maps, and images. Samples were kindly made available by F.E. Brenker (Frankfurt), H. Furnes, J. Košler (both Bergen), J. Götze, M. Tichomirowa (both Freiberg), M.A. Götzinger, K. Ruschel (both Wien), T. Häger, D. Köhn (both Mainz), J.M. Hanchar (St. John’s), J.W. Harris (Glasgow), D.C. Hezel (London), H.J. Milledge (London), A. Möller (Lawrence), D. Moser (Toronto), M. Wiedenbeck (Potsdam), and De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd. Thanks are due to A. Wagner for sample preparation and T. Váczi for editorial help. A part of the results presented in this chapter were obtained in projects funded by the European Commission (contract MEXC-CT-2005-024878, to L.N.), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; grant P20028-N10, to L.N.), and the French Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (project GeoCARBONS, to O.B.).

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Nasdala, L., Beyssac, O., William Schopf, J., Bleisteiner, B. (2012). Application of Raman-based images in the Earth sciences. In: Zoubir, A. (eds) Raman Imaging. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 168. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28252-2_5

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