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Methods for Extraction and Analysis of Carotenoids

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Natural Products

Abstract

Carotenoids have received much attention because of their various functions. They are natural pigments synthesized by plants and some microorganisms. Carotenoids exhibit yellow, orange, and red colors but when they are bound to proteins, they acquire green, purple, or blue colors. They are found in a large number of natural products, such as fruits, vegetables, and sea products. This chapter presents method of extraction/isolation and analysis of carotenoids in natural products. General procedures of solvent extraction/isolation and analysis of carotenoids are described. Preparation and determination of carotenoids are also explained.

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Abbreviations

APCI:

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization

BHT:

Butylated hydroxytoluene

CI:

Chemical ionization

CID:

Collision-induced dissociation

DAD:

Diode array

DHP:

Dihydroxy pigment

EI:

Electron impact

ESI:

Electrospray ionization

FAB:

Fast atom bombardment

GC/MS:

Gas chromatography MS

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

IPA:

Indole-3-propionic acid

LC:

Liquid chromatography

LC/MS:

Liquid chromatography MS

MALDI:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization

MALDI/TOF-MS:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS

MHP:

Monohydroxy pigment

MS:

Mass spectrometry

MS/MS:

Tandem mass spectrometry

OCC:

Open-column chromatography

SFE:

Supercritical fluid extraction

TEA:

Triethylamine

THF:

Tetrahydrofuran

TLC:

Thin-layer chromatography

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan

    Dr. Siti Machmudah & Motonobu Goto

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Kampus ITS Keputih Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia

    Dr. Siti Machmudah

Authors
  1. Dr. Siti Machmudah
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  2. Motonobu Goto
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Correspondence to Siti Machmudah .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Botany Department, M.L. Sukhadia University, Durga Nursery Road, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India

    Kishan Gopal Ramawat

  2. Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences, Biological-Active Plant Substances Study, University of Bordeaux, 210 Chemin de Leysotte CS 50008, Villenave d'Ornon, 33882, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

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Machmudah, S., Goto, M. (2013). Methods for Extraction and Analysis of Carotenoids. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Natural Products. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_145

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