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Carbon Nanofibers

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Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Carbon nanofibers are sp2-based linear, noncontinuous filaments that are different from carbon fibers, which are continuous with diameter of several micrometers. This chapter provides a review on the growth, structural properties, and practical applications of carbon nanofibers as compared with those of conventional carbon fibers. Carbon nanofibers can be produced via catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) as well as the combination of electrospinning of organic polymer and thermal treatment. The amount of commercially available carbon nanofiber worldwide is ca. 500 t/year. Carbon nanofibers exhibit high specific area, flexibility, and superstrength due to their nanosized diameter, which allows them to be used in electrode materials of energy storage devices, hybrid-type filler in carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, and bone tissue scaffold. It is envisaged that carbon nanofibers will be key materials of green science and technology through a close combination with carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes.

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Abbreviations

1-D:

one-dimensional

2-D:

two-dimensional

AC:

alternating current

CO:

cuboctahedron

CV:

crystal violet

CVD:

chemical vapor deposition

DC:

direct current

DMF:

dimethylformamide

ED:

electron diffraction

FFT:

fast Fourier transform

HEV:

hybrid electric vehicle

HRTEM:

high-resolution transmission electron microscopy

HTT:

heat treatment temperature

HWHM:

half-width at half-maximum

LIB:

lithium-ion battery

MPCF:

mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber

PAN:

polyacrylonitrile

PMMA:

poly-methyl methacrylate

R&D:

research and development

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

VGCF:

vapor-grown carbon fiber

XRD:

x-ray diffraction

rhBMP-2:

recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shinshu University, 380-8553, Nagano, Japan

    Yoong A. Kim

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shinshu University, 380-8553, Nagano, Japan

    Takuya Hayashi

  3. Research Centre for Exotic Nanocarbons, Shinshu University, 380-8553, Nagano, Japan

    Morinobu Endo

  4. Physics; Electrical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Mildred S. Dresselhaus

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  1. Yoong A. Kim
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  2. Takuya Hayashi
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  3. Morinobu Endo
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  4. Mildred S. Dresselhaus
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Correspondence to Yoong A. Kim , Takuya Hayashi , Morinobu Endo or Mildred S. Dresselhaus .

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, 6100 Main MS-321, 77005-1827, Houston, USA

    Robert Vajtai

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Kim, Y.A., Hayashi, T., Endo, M., Dresselhaus, M.S. (2013). Carbon Nanofibers. In: Vajtai, R. (eds) Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20595-8_7

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