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Molecular Biology and Physiological Genomics of Dehydration Stress

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Plant Desiccation Tolerance

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 215))

Abstract

The loss of water, leading to dehydration and, in severe instances, desiccation affects cellular homeostasis and ultimately generates organismal stress with every aspect of plant anatomy, morphology, physiology, and biochemistry adversely affected. Growth and yield are, and survival may be, compromised. Only in one part of the life cycle of most angiosperms, seed maturation – a no-growth developmental process – can natural drought adaptation strategies be observed. With the genomics and bioinformatics resources that are increasingly becoming available for a number of model plant species, and increasingly now also for crop species, we can begin to ask basic questions that address the genetic basis for dehydration tolerance in unprecedented detail. Significantly, genomics datasets let us ask questions that do not strictly require working with a desiccation-tolerant species. Arabidopsis thaliana, as the most completely developed model plant, provides sufficient complexity, including many ecotypes and related species. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying elements of dehydration tolerances that vary by degree and depend on developmental windows, genomics tools with a justifiable claim to being all-encompassing can now be applied. The reactions of resurrection plants, which seem to apply different strategies to the drought survival and re-hydration problem, can provide valuable lessons that may be tested in sufficiently developed model species. We will include discussions about physiological markers that can now be understood in the context of genes and their concerted functioning. Furthermore, it is appropriate to contrast the fast dehydration stress experiments on which most of our knowledge is based with the drying that characterizes plants in their natural habitats. Although individual components of stress response systems have been studied under conditions of water deficiency, the overall “network logic” of the components and pathways that exist and which must be operational to bring about dehydration tolerance remain largely unknown, but, we think, not for much longer.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ABI:

ABA Insensitive

AREB:

ABA Response Element Binding Factor

ABF:

ABA-Responsive Binding Factors

ABI5 3 :

ABI-INSENSITIVE 5, 3

APETALA :

Transcription factor gene of the AP2 family

APX1:

Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 1

ASK1:

Arabidopsis skp1-like1-1

AtCPK:

Arabidopsis thaliana calcium-dependent protein kinase

AtCyp:

Arabidopsis thaliana cyclophilin encoding gene

AtHB:

Arabidopsis thaliana Homeobox Factor

AtMYC:

Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor with a helix-loop-helix and a bZip domain

AtSUC:

Arabidopsis thaliana Sucrose Transporter

AtTLP:

Arabidopsis thaliana Tubby-Like Protein

bZIP TF:

Basic Leucine Zipper Domain transcription factor

CCA1 :

Circadian Clock Associated1 gene

CNV:

Copy number variation

COL1 :

Constans-Like 1 gene

DEAD RNA helicase:

ATP-Dependent RNA Helicase

DREB2A:

Drought-Responsive Element Binding Protein 2A

DRIP1:

DREB2A-Interacting Protein1

ESTs:

Expressed sequence tags

FAR1:

Far-Red-Impaired-Response

FHY3:

Far-Red-Elongated-Hypocotyl

FUS :

Arabidopsis gene encoding a FUSCA protein involved in signalling networks

GA:

Giberellic Acid

GFP:

Green Fluorescent Protein

HAB1 :

Hypersensitive to ABA1 gene

LHY :

Late Elongated Hypocotyl gene

LEAs:

Late Embryogenesis Active Proteins

LEC1 :

Leafy Cotyleydon1gene

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase

MSTR:

Multiple Stress Regulatory Genes

NCED3:

9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase

NF-Y:

Plant Nuclear Factor Y

NILs:

Near Isogenic Lines

OST1:

Open Stomata1

PICKLE :

Encodes a chromatin remodelling protein (CHD3)

PLD:

Phospholipase D

PP2C:

Protein phosphatase2C

RD29 :

Responsive To Drought 29gene

RILs:

Recombinant Inbred Lines

RING:

Really Interesting New Gene

ROS:

Reactive Oxygen Species

SDIR1:

Salt and Drought-Induced RING FINGER 1

SFN1:

Regulatory Subunit of SnRK1

SnRKs:

Sucrose non-fermenting protein (SNF-1)-related kinases

SUMO:

Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier

TF:

Transcription factor

WUE:

Water Use Efficiency

XERICO:

RING-H2 zinc finger factor promoting ABA synthesis

YUCC:

Arabidopsis HYPERTALL

ZAT1:

Putative Zinc Transporter1

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Acknowledgments

The work has been supported by NSF DBI 0223905 and IBN0219322 and by CIP, UIUC, and VT institutional grants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science, Virginia Tech, 435 Old Glade Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0330, USA

    Ruth Grene & Cecilia Vasquez-Robinet

  2. Department of Plant Biology, Department of Crop Sciences, Center for Comparative and Functional Genomics, and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA

    Hans J. Bohnert

  3. Department Biologie I – Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany

    Cecilia Vasquez-Robinet

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  1. Ruth Grene
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  2. Cecilia Vasquez-Robinet
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  3. Hans J. Bohnert
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Correspondence to Ruth Grene .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst. Botanik, TU Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3-5, Darmstadt, 64287, Germany

    Ulrich Lüttge

  2. Inst. Pflanzenphysiologie, Univ. Bayreuth, Bayreuth, 95440, Germany

    Erwin Beck

  3. Inst. Molekulare Physiologie und, Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IMBIO), Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, 53115, Germany

    Dorothea Bartels

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Grene, R., Vasquez-Robinet, C., Bohnert, H.J. (2011). Molecular Biology and Physiological Genomics of Dehydration Stress. In: Lüttge, U., Beck, E., Bartels, D. (eds) Plant Desiccation Tolerance. Ecological Studies, vol 215. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19106-0_13

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