Mapping Areas Affected by Sea-Level Rise due to Climate Change in the Nile Delta Until 2100

Abstract

This chapter offers a general survey of the physical characteristics and importance of the Nile Delta region of Egypt and of the vulnerability to potential impacts of climate change. The relatively low land elevation, increasing soil salinity due to salt water intrusion and the low resilience of the communities makes this region highly vulnerable to potential impacts of climate change. A vulnerability assessment based on a mapping of hot spots using remote sensing and GIS technologies is introduced. The main objective is to identify and quantify potential biophysical and socioeconomic losses according to various sea-level scenarios taking into consideration the well known delta subsidence rates. Results indicate high risks of direct inundation, salt water intrusion and socio-economic losses and call for proactive integrated planning for development of the coastal zone. The shortage of institutional capabilities, weak law enforcement and low population awareness are additional pressures that need to be addressed.