Abstract
Models of varying complexity are available for understanding the role of composition on the solidification behavior of engineering alloys. The choice of an appropriate model is dictated by the solidification behavior of the alloy. In some situations, seemingly complex alloys can be represented accurately using simple binary models when only one eutectic reaction occurs during solidification. In contrast, some alloys form two or more eutectic constituents during solidification and require the use of ternary or multicomponent models. In this article, several examples are given on the use of binary, ternary, and multicomponent solidification models for understanding and controlling the solidification behavior and resultant microstructure of engineering alloys of practical interest. Examples are applied to Ni-Cr-Mo-Gd alloys currently under development for spent nuclear fuel applications; a nickel base superalloy (IN718); and dissimilar welds between a super austenitic stainless steel (CN3MN) and nickel alloy filler metal (IN686). Examples are also provided on applying the results of the solidification models for understanding and controlling the hot cracking response of the alloys.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hull L, Pace M, Lessing, P, Rogers R, Mizia R, Propp A, Shaber E and Taylor L (2000) Advanced neutron absorbers for doe snf standardized canisters – feasibility study. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Report DOE/SNF/REP-057 Rev. 0.
DuPont JN, Robino CV, Michael JR, Mizia RE and Williams DB (2004, November) Physical and welding metallurgy of Gd-Enriched austenitic alloys for spent nuclear fuel applications – Part II: Nickel Base Alloys. Welding Journal 83:289s–300s.
Susan DF, Robino CV, Minicozzi MJ and DuPont JN (2006) A solidification diagram for Ni-Cr-Mo-Gd alloys estimated by quantitative microstructural characterization and thermal analysis. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions 37A:2817–2825.
Van Konynenburg RA, Curtis PG and Summers TSE (1998) Scoping corrosion tests on candidate waste package basket materials for the yucca mountain project, Report UCRL-ID-130386, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Mizia RE, Robino CV and DuPont JN (2006, August) Development and testing of an advanced neutron absorbing gadolinium alloy for spent fuel storage. Nuclear Technology 155.
DuPont JN and Marder AR (1996) Dilution in single pass arc welds. Metallurgical and Material Transactions B 27B:481–489.
Cieslak MJ (1991) The welding and solidification metallurgy of Alloy 625. Welding Journal 70:49s–56s.
DuPont JN, Robino CV and Marder AR (1998) Solidification and weldability of Nb-Bearing superalloys. Welding Journal 77:417s–431s
ASM International (1992) Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, vol. 3.
Scheil E (1942) Z. Metallk 34:70.
David SA and Vitek JM (1989) International Materials Review 34:213–245.
Kou S (2003) Welding Metallurgy, 2nd edition. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 170–172.
Clyne TW and Kurz W (1982) The effect of melt composition on solidification cracking of steel, with particular reference to continuous casting. Metallurgical and Material Transactions B 13A:259–266.
Rosenthal D (1941) Welding Journal 20:220s.
Fuerschbach PW and Knorovsky GA (1991) Welding Journal 70:287s–297s.
Lucks CF and Deem HW (1958) Thermal Properties of Thirteen Metals, STP No. 227. ASTM, Philadelphia, PA.
DuPont JN (2006, June) Mathematical modeling of solidification paths in ternary alloys: Limiting cases of solute redistribution. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 37A:1937–1947.
Brody HD and Flemings MC (1966) Transactions AIME 236:615–623.
Clyne TW and Kurz W (1981) Metallurgical and Material Transactions A 12A:965–971.
Kobayashi S (1988) Journal of Crystal Growth 88:87–94.
Ohnaka I (1986) Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute 26:1045–1051.
DuPont JN, Robino CV and Marder AR (1998) Acta Materialia 46:4781–4790.
Banovic SW, DuPont JN and Marder AR (1999) Welding Journal 78:23s–30s.
Brooks JA and Thompson AW (1991) International Materials Review 36:16–43.
Banovic SW, DuPont JN and Marder AR (2003) Dilution and microsegregation in dissimilar metal welds between super austenitic stainless steels and ni base alloys. Science & Technology of Welding and Joining 6(6):374–383.
Talbot AM and Furman DE Transactions of the American Society for Metals 45:429–440.
Gupta KP (1990) Phase Diagrams of Ternary Nickel Alloys: Part I. Indian Institute of Metals, Calcutta, India.
DuPont JN, Lippold JC and Kiser SD (2009) Welding Metallurgy and Weldability of Nickel Base Alloys. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp. 59–70.
Acknowledgements
Part of this work was supported by the United States Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract No. DE-AC07-99ID13727. This work was performed at Lehigh University through support from the National Spent Nuclear Fuel Program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
DuPont, J.N. (2011). Application of Solidification Models for Controlling the Microstructure and Hot Cracking Response of Engineering Alloys. In: Böllinghaus, T., Lippold, J., Cross, C. (eds) Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds III. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16864-2_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16864-2_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-16863-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-16864-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)