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Secale

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Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources

Abstract

Rye (Secale spp.) is a member of the Triticeae tribe in the grass family, Poaceae (syn. Gramineae), which also includes wheat (Triticum ssp.) and barley (Hordeum ssp.). Secale is a small but important cereal genus that includes perennial or annual, self-incompatible or self-compatible, and cultivated rye (S. cereale L.), weedy rye, and several wild species. The genus Secale includes four species, consisting of the annual outbreeder S. cereale L., the annual autogamous species, S. sylvestre and S. vavilovii, and the perennial outbreeder S. strictum (syn. S. montanum). A lot of researches on cytology, karyotype, linkage maps, and genome of genus Secale have been done. Several germplasm banks of genus Secale have been formed. Capable of producing higher yields than wheat under adverse conditions, cultivated rye has become a staple food grain in regions unfavorable for growing wheat. The wild and weedy rye species constitute a reserve of genetic diversity that has been underutilized for crop improvement. Secale spp. contain genes associated with high protein content, high lysine, resistance to many cereal diseases, drought, winter hardiness, and other morphological and biochemical traits that can be transferred to closely related cereal crops. Troublesome characteristics of the wild Secale species include small seed size, shattering and pre-harvest sprouting, divergent breeding systems, including both selfing and self-incompatible species, and a range of life cycle habit from annual to short-lived perennial. Challenges to introgression and gene transfer include divergent breeding habits, chromosomal translocations, linkage drag and recalcitrance to somatic cell regeneration. Efforts to conserve and to include the wild species in research and breeding programs have increased in recent years.

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  1. Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an city, Sichuan, 625014, P.R. China

    Z. X. Tang

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  3. Z. L. Ren
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  1. Institute of Nutraceutical Research, Clemson University, Jordan Hall 109, Clemson, 29634, South Carolina, USA

    Chittaranjan Kole

Appendices

Appendix 1

8.1.1 Rye Genetic Map References by Year of Publication

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  • Börner A, Korzun V (1998) A consensus linkage map of rye (Secale cereale L.) including 374 RFLPs, 24 isozymes and 15 gene loci. Theor Appl Genet 97:1279–1288

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  • Börner A, Korzun V, Voylokov AV, Weber WE (1999) Detection of quantitative trait loci on chromosome 5R of rye (Secale cereale L.). Theor Appl Genet 98:1087–1090

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  • Masojć P, Myśków B, Milczarski P (2001) Extending a RFLP-based genetic map of rye using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and isozyme markers. Theor Appl Genet 102:1273–1279

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  • Bednarek PT, Masojć P, Lewandowska R, Myśków B (2003) Saturating rye genetic map with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. J Appl Genet 44:21–33

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  • Nagy ED, Lelley T (2003) Genetic and physical mapping of sequence-specific amplified polymorphic (SSAP) markers on the 1RS chromosome arm of rye in a wheat background. Theor Appl Genet 107:1271–1277

  • Khlestkina EK, Than MHM, Pestsova EG, Röder MS, Malyshev SV, Korzun V, Böder A (2004) Mapping of 99 new microsatellite-derived loci in rye (Secale cereale L.) including 39 expressed sequence tags. Theor Appl Genet 109:725–732

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  • Milczarski P, Banek-Tabor A, Lebiecka K, Stojałowski S, Myśków B, Masojć P (2007) New genetic map of rye composed of PCR-based molecular markers and its alignment with the reference map of the DS2 × RXL10 intercross. J Appl Genet 48:11–24

  • Masojć p, Banek-Tabor A, Milczarski P, Twardowska M (2007) QTLs for resistance to pre-harvest sprouting in rye (Secale cereale L.). J Appl Genet 48:211–217

  • Hackauf B, Radd S, van der Voort JR, Miedaner T, Wehling P (2009) Comparative mapping of DNA sequences in rye (Secale cereale L.) in relation to the rice genome. Theor Appl Genet 118:371–384

  • Gustafson JP, Ma XF, Korzun V, Snape JW (2009) A consensus map of rye integrating mapping data from five mapping populations. Theor Appl Genet 118:793–800

8.1.2 Consensus Map by Börner and Korzun (1998) from 12 Individual Linkage Maps

  • Devos et al. (1993)

  • Plaschke et al. (1993)

  • Plaschke et al. (1995)

  • Wanous and Gustafson (1995)

  • Wanous et al. (1995)

  • Korzun et al. (1996)

  • Loarce et al. (1996)

  • Senft and Wricke (1996)

  • Korzun et al. (1997)

  • Börner et al. (1998)

  • Korzun et al. (1998)

  • Voylokov et al. (1998)

Appendix 2

Wild Secale Nucleotide Sequence References (From: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)

8.2.1 Secale strictum

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8.2.2 Secale Sylvestre

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Tang, Z.X. et al. (2011). Secale. In: Kole, C. (eds) Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14228-4_8

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